(优能)高中语法串讲定语从句

1、 定语从句郭国栋郭国栋QQ：627416066 E-mail: 考点分析考点分析 定语从句在近几年湖北高考中主要定语从句在近几年湖北高考中主要是以完成句子的形式进行考查的，具体是以完成句子的形式进行考查的，具体表现为：表现为：20082008年第年第3333题，题，20092009年第年第8080题题和和20102010年第年第7777题和题和8080题都是考查定语从题都是考查定语从句的，几乎每年都在考查这一知识点。句的，几乎每年都在考查这一知识点。 命题趋势命题趋势1.1.定语从句是高考必考的热点，尤其是非限制性定语从句是高考必考的热点，尤其是非限制性定语从句更是命题的重中之重，其中关系代词

2、定语从句更是命题的重中之重，其中关系代词as与与which的用法仍是未来命题的核心。的用法仍是未来命题的核心。2.2.介词介词+ +关系代词结构的准确选择和应用。关系代词结构的准确选择和应用。3.3.定语从句与强调句型、同位语从句融合在一起定语从句与强调句型、同位语从句融合在一起进行考查，这样既考查句式结构的辨析能力，又进行考查，这样既考查句式结构的辨析能力，又能考查关系词与其他连接词的区分运用能力。能考查关系词与其他连接词的区分运用能力。4.4.形式上仍会以完成句子、完形填空、阅读理解形式上仍会以完成句子、完形填空、阅读理解中的长句为主，对定语从句进行综合运用考查。中的长句为主，对定语从句进

3、行综合运用考查。1.1.理清关系代词和关系副词及其各自理清关系代词和关系副词及其各自的用法是学好定语从句的基础。的用法是学好定语从句的基础。2.2.弄清弄清that与与which的区别及限制性定的区别及限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句的区别。语从句和非限制性定语从句的区别。复习策略复习策略3 3. .弄清弄清as与与which的引导的非限制的引导的非限制 性定语从句的区别。性定语从句的区别。4.4.能够识别定语从句中的地点模糊能够识别定语从句中的地点模糊化化。歌词识定从歌词识定从1. Love is a wonder which takes my breath away. 爱是一种奇妙的东西爱

4、是一种奇妙的东西, ,会让人突然不能呼吸。会让人突然不能呼吸。蔡依林蔡依林爱情三十六计爱情三十六计2. The love that you give me makes me rely on you. 可是你给我的爱让我养成了依赖。可是你给我的爱让我养成了依赖。潘玮柏潘玮柏不得不爱不得不爱3. There is a beautiful girl whose name is Xiaowei. 有一个美丽的小女孩有一个美丽的小女孩, ,她的名字叫做小薇。她的名字叫做小薇。小薇小薇4. Youd better learn from Chen, who keeps fighting no matter

5、how many times he loses. 你要学学那个屡败屡战的陈小春你要学学那个屡败屡战的陈小春 算你狠算你狠 5. I will turn my tears into a lake, by which you can camp when tired. 我将眼泪流成天山上面的湖我将眼泪流成天山上面的湖, , 让你疲倦时能够扎营让你疲倦时能够扎营停驻。停驻。梁静茹梁静茹丝路丝路6. Thats the day when you come in the quiet summer. 那是个宁静的夏天那是个宁静的夏天, , 你来到宁夏的那一天。你来到宁夏的那一天。梁静茹梁静茹宁夏宁夏The

6、man who lives next to us is a singer.先行词先行词放置于名词之放置于名词之_，修饰名词，修饰名词(或代词或代词)的从句的从句关系词关系词连接作用连接作用1.2. 在从句中充当成分在从句中充当成分后后基本结构复习基本结构复习关系词关系词1.关系代词关系代词2. 关系副词关系副词1.指人指人2.指物指物3.指某一情况指某一情况thatwhowhomwhosethatwhichwhosewhichas不能放于句首不能放于句首放于句中或句首放于句中或句首“正如正如”whenwherewhy(主语主语/宾语宾语)(状语状语)先行词和关系词的关系先行词和关系词的关系A

7、plane is a machine that can fly. The boy who broke the window is called Tom.The boy whose parents are dead was brought up by his grandfather.that = the machinewho = the boywhose = the boys关系代词实际上是先行词的复指关系代词实际上是先行词的复指关系代词关系代词whose实际上是先行词的所有格实际上是先行词的所有格I still remember the day when I came here. This i

8、s the house where I lived last year. There are many reasons why people like traveling. when = on the daywhere = in the housewhy = for the reasons 关系副词实际上是介词先行词关系副词实际上是介词先行词难用的难用的whosee.g. The house whose window is broken is mine. whose=the housesThe house is mine.the window of which is brokenof whic

9、h the window is broken关系代词与关系副词的选用关系代词与关系副词的选用1.Ill never forget the days _ we spent together.2.Ill never forget the days_ we worked together.3.I went to the place _ I visited ten years ago. 4.I went to the place _ I worked ten years ago. 5.This is the reason _ he gave. 6.This is the reason _ he was

10、 late. (that/which)when /in which(that/which)where/ in which(that/which)why/ for which限定限定or非限？非限？e.g. A doctor is a person who cures patients.My house, which I bought last year, has got a beautiful garden.This note was left by Tom, who was here a moment ago.区别：区别：1.1.与先行词的关系与先行词的关系2.2.是否有逗号是否有逗号tha

11、t 与与which 的唯一性的唯一性1.He did everything _he could to help me.2.This is the very book _ I want.3.He is the only man _ can do the work.4.He is the finest man _ I have ever worked with.5.This is the first thing _ I want to say.6.We talked about the men and the things _ we remembered at school.thatthattha

12、tthatthatthat7.The house in _ I used to live has become a shoe shop.8. He lost the game, _ depressed him greatly.9.Whats that _ flashed in the sky just now?whichwhichwhich不定代词不定代词被被all, every, no, the only, the very等修饰时等修饰时that 的唯一性的唯一性:adj.比较级与比较级与最高级最高级序数词序数词既有人又有物既有人又有物which 的唯一性的唯一性:介词介词非限非限先行词为

13、先行词为that高考常考点高考常考点1.介词介词+关系代词关系代词如何判断介词？如何判断介词？看定语从句中动词与介词的搭配看定语从句中动词与介词的搭配The girl _ which he had fought all his life no longer seemed important to him.He is the man _ whom I think you can depend.foron看定语从句中形容词与介词的搭配看定语从句中形容词与介词的搭配He referred me to some reference books _ which I am not very familia

14、r.Dolphins might be trained to cooperate with fishermen and help them by finding or even catching fish, _ all of which activities dolphins are expert.within根据先行词判断来所用的介词根据先行词判断来所用的介词The rate _ which wild animals are being destroyed has increased.This is our classroom, _ which there is a teachers des

15、k.Ill never forget the time _ which I spent my childhood in the country.atin front ofduring根据所表达的意思来确定根据所表达的意思来确定The colorless gas _ which we cannot live is called oxygen.without练一练练一练1. Do you like the book she spent $10? 2. Do you like the book she paid $10?3. Do you like the book she learned a lo

16、t? 4. Do you like the book she often talks? 5. He built a telescope he could study the skies.on whichfor whichfrom whichabout whichthrough which6. There is a tall tree outside, _ stands our teacher.7. China has a lot of rivers, the second longest _ is the Yellow River.8. The tower _ people can have

17、a good view is on the hill.9. The man _ I spoke on the phone last night is very good at wrestling.10. He paid the boy $10 for washing ten windows, most _ hadnt been cleaned for at least a year.under whichof whichfrom whichto whomof which注意注意固定短语中的介词不能提到关系代词前固定短语中的介词不能提到关系代词前My little nephew, after w

18、hom I have to look, is very naughty.My little nephew, whom I have to look after, is very naughty.固定短语：固定短语：look for, take care of, call on, pay attention to先行词是先行词是the way(方法、手段方法、手段)时，定从的时，定从的引导词如何确定？引导词如何确定？e.g. I dont like the way _ you talk to your mother.that/in which“介词介词+关系代词关系代词”高频考点高频考点(1)名

19、词名词+of+ which/whom e.g. Please pass me the book, _(它的它的封面是绿色的封面是绿色的). (cover)the cover of which is green(2)数词数词/代词代词+of+ which/whom e.g. Shes got three lucky pens, two of which she never uses. In the basket I find many apples, some of which have gone bad. 练习：练习：There are fifty students in our class

20、，_(其中大多数来自其中大多数来自武昌武昌). (most)most of whom are from WC The girl tried on five skirts, _(她都她都不满意不满意). (satisfy)none of which she was satisfied with (3)比较级比较级/最高级最高级+of+ which/whom e.g. China has thousands of islands, _(其中最大的是台湾其中最大的是台湾). (which)the largest of which is Taiwan (4)介词介词+which+ 名词名词e.g. H

21、e usually returns home at twelve, at which hour his wife turns off all the lights. 1. His father got seriously ill, _(在这种情况下在这种情况下) he had to give up the chance of going abroad. (case)in which case 练一练练一练2. The plane may be several hours late, _(那样的话那样的话) theres no point in our waiting. (case) (2011

22、2011届届1 1月八校联考月八校联考)in which case as 与与that引导的定语从句的区别引导的定语从句的区别This is the same book as I lost.This is the same book that I lost.试比较：试比较：这本书和我丢的那本一模一样。这本书和我丢的那本一模一样。这本书就是我丢的那本。这本书就是我丢的那本。2. as 引导的定语从句引导的定语从句as 引导的限制性定语从句引导的限制性定语从句This is such an interesting book _ we all like.This is so interesting

23、a book _ we all like.This is such an interesting book _we all like it.This is so interesting a book _we all like it.asthat完成下列句子并比较：完成下列句子并比较：asthat这是大家都喜欢的如此有趣的一本书。这是大家都喜欢的如此有趣的一本书。(定语从句定语从句)这本书如此有趣，大家都喜欢。这本书如此有趣，大家都喜欢。(结果状语从句结果状语从句)as 引导的非限制性定语从句引导的非限制性定语从句The earth is round._ is known to all.The

24、earth is round,_ is known to all._ is known to all, the earth is round.Itwhich/ as Asas与与 which 的区别的区别：1)as 引导非限制性定语从句时放在句引导非限制性定语从句时放在句首句中均可首句中均可, ,而而which 不能放在句首。不能放在句首。e.g. As we all know , Taiwan is part of China. Taiwan is part of China, as/which we all know .3)当非限制性定语从句是否定句或表示否定当非限制性定语从句是否定句或表

25、示否定时只能用时只能用which。e.g. He came here very late, which was unexpected.2)当当as作主语时，后常接被动语态，主动作主语时，后常接被动语态，主动语态一般用语态一般用which。e.g. She has been absent, as is expected.You have made so rapid progress, which makes me happy.4)只能用只能用as的习惯用语：的习惯用语：as anybody can see 正如人们都能看到的那样正如人们都能看到的那样as we had expected 正如我们

26、所预料的那样正如我们所预料的那样as often happens 正如经常发生的那样正如经常发生的那样as is mentioned above 正如上面提到的正如上面提到的as has been said before 如上所述如上所述e.g. Jack has won the first prize, as often happens.完成句子完成句子1. Its likely that such a question, if it can be called a question, _ (你提的你提的), cant be answered by any human beings(rais

27、e)as you have raised 2. He is good at singing and dancing, _ (这使他很受欢迎这使他很受欢迎) with his students. (popular)which makes him very popular 3. _ (正如报纸上正如报纸上所报道的所报道的), talks between the two countries are making progress. (report) As is reported in the newspapers 1. (2009浙江浙江)I have reached a point in my l

28、ife _ I am supposed to make decisions of my own.A. which B. where C. when D. why2. (2007陕西陕西)Today, well discuss a number of cases _ beginners of English fail to use the language properly.A. which B. as C. why D. where真题链接真题链接 3. 地点模糊化地点模糊化有些相对抽象的地点名词有些相对抽象的地点名词 case, condition, point, position, sit

29、uation, scene, stage, degree, occasion等为先行词的时候，引导词用关系等为先行词的时候，引导词用关系副词副词where。e.g. Were just trying to reach a point where both sides will sit down together and talk.CPS境地、境况、情境地、境况、情况、情形、地步况、情形、地步What are some situations where body language is the only form of communication?1. Can you imagine a pro

30、per situation _ (能能使用这个词语使用这个词语). (expression)2. This is the point _ (经理经理坚持的坚持的). (insist) where/in which the expression can be used(that/which) the manager insists on 完成句子完成句子where the manager insists on 有时候命题人为了迷惑学生，故意有时候命题人为了迷惑学生，故意将先行词和定语从句相隔离，使许多学将先行词和定语从句相隔离，使许多学生无法判断出是定语从句或者先行词是生无法判断出是定语从句或者

31、先行词是什么。什么。 e.g. Because of the financial crisis, days are gone _ local 5-star hotels charged 6,000 yuan for one night. 4. 隔离式定语从句隔离式定语从句when 5.定语从句与其他易混复合句定语从句与其他易混复合句 1) )定语从句与同位语从句定语从句与同位语从句 We all have heard the news that our team won. We dont believe the news that he told us yesterday. 同同定定2) )定

32、语从句与状语从句定语从句与状语从句He left the key where he had been an hour before.He left the place where he lived for many years.He is such a good teacher that we all like him.He is such a good teacher as all of us love and respect. 定定状状状状定定3) )定语从句与主语从句定语从句与主语从句As is known to us all, Taiwan is part of China. It i

33、s known to us all that Taiwan is part of China. 定定主主 4) )定语从句与强调句型定语从句与强调句型It was the house where I met the young man.It was in the house that I met the young man. 定定强强易错题易错题1. It is the young man _ looked for _ caught the murderer. A. that who B. that they C . they that D. theywhich 2. Is this fact

34、ory _ we visited last year? A. where B. in which C. the one D. that3. This is Mr. Smith, _ I think has something interesting to tell you. A . who B. whom C. that D. x 4. This is the last time _ I shall give you a lesson. A. when B. that C. which D. in which5. I dont like the way _ you laugh at her.

35、A . that B. on which C. which D. as 6. I shall never forget those years _ I lived in the farm _ you visited last week. A. when, where B. which, which C. when, which D. which, where 近几年湖北高考定语从句真题近几年湖北高考定语从句真题(2010,772010,77)My mother was so proud of all _(我所做的我所做的) that she rewarded me with a trip to

36、 Beijing. (do) (that) I had done (2010,802010,80) _ (正如我们强正如我们强调的那样调的那样)many times, “serve the people” is our first policy. (stress)As has been stressed As we have stressed(20092009, ,8080) Learning strategies, to _(老老师们认为师们认为) importance, have not yet drawn enough attention of students. (attach)whi

37、ch (the) teachers attach/ have attached (20082008, ,3333)The city_(我我成长的成长的) is very hot and damp in summer. (grow) in which/where I grew up 课后练习课后练习1. Can you lend me the novel _ (你们谈论的你们谈论的) yesterday afternoon? (talk)2. Mr. Zhang gave the textbooks to all of the pupils except those _ (已经拿到的已经拿到的) in advance. (get)3. Carol said the work would be finished by October, _ (对此我个人非常对此我个人非常怀疑怀疑). (doubt)4. Is this factory the one _ (那些外国朋友参观的那些外国朋友参观的) last Friday? (v