2012职称英语第五部分补全短文.doc

2012职称英语第五部分补全短文阅读下面的短文，每一篇文章中有 5处填空，文章后面有 6组文字，请根据文章的内容选择 5组文字，将其分别放回文章原有的位置，以恢复文章的原貌。第一篇 Mobile Phones Mobile phones should carry a label if they proved1 to be a dangerous source of radiation, according to Robert Bell, a scientist. And no more mobile phone transmitter towers should be built until the long-term health effects of the electromagnetic radiation they emit are scientifically evaluated, he said. “Nobodys going to drop dead overnight2 but we should be asking for more scientific information,” Robert Bell said at a conference on the health effects of low-level radiation. 1 A report widely circulated among the public says that up to now scientists do not really know enough to guarantee there are no ill-effets on humans from electromagnetic radiation. According to Robert Bell, there are 3.3 million mobile phones in Australia alone and they are increasing by 2,000 a day3. 2 As well, there are 2,000 transmitter towers around Austrnlia, many in high density residential areas5. 3 The electromagnetic radiation emitted from these towers may have already produced some harmful effects on the health of the residents nearby. Robert Bell suggests that until more research is completed the Government should ban construction of phone towers from within a 500 metre radius of school grounds, child care centres, hospitals, sports playing fields and residential areas with a high percentage of children. 4 He adds that there is also evidence that if cancer sufferers are subjected to electromagnetic waves the growth rate of the disease accelerates. 5 According to Robert Bell, it is reasonable for the major telephone companies to fund it. Besides, he also urges the Government to set up a wide-ranging inquiry into possible health effects.词汇: mobile /5mEubail/ adj.移动的 circulate /5sE:kjuleit/ v.流传 electromagnetic /IlektrEJ5mAnItIk/ adj.电磁的 density /5densiti/ n.密度 transmitter tower发射塔 disregard /7disri5B:d/ v.不顾 shield /Fi:ld/ n.隔离屏 accelerate /Ak5selEreit/ v.加速，加快注释： 1. 动词 prove用的是过去式形式 proved，这是虚拟语气表示假设的用法。 2. Nobodys going to drop dead overnight “没有人会在一个晚上倒地死去” overnight是副词，意为“一夜间；一下子；整夜”。如： This stadium was not built overnight.这个体育场不是一下子建起来的。 On his way to Europe, John stayed with his parents in Chicago overnight.在去欧洲的途中，约翰在芝加哥他父母那儿呆了一个晚上。 3.介词 by表示“以（速的度增加）”。 4.介词 by表示“到前”。如： By Thursday morning you should complete writing the experiment report. 到周四上午你应该写完实验报告。 5. many in high density residential areas 是独立主格结构。注意它省略了 being，即 many (being) in high density residential areas。此外， many指的是 many transmitter towers。 6. at a rate more than three times that of adults可以理解为 at a rate (that is) more than three times that of adults.意为“以比成人多两倍的比率”短语中的 that指代 rate。倍数的表达法是：“数字 +times+名词/that”。如： His salary is three times that of mine. 他的薪水比我多两倍。 The sales volume of refrigerators in 2000 was twice that in 1999. 2000年冰箱的销量比 1999年多一倍。练习： A He says there is emerging evidence that children absorb low-level radiation at a rate more than three times that of adults6. B By the year 20004 it is estimated that Australia will have 8 million mobile phones: nearly one for every two people. C “If mobile phones are found to be dangerous, they should carry a warning label until proper shields can be devised,” he said. D Then who finances the research? E For example, Telstra, Optus and Vodaphone build their towers where it is geographically suitable to them and disregard the need of the community. F The conclusion is that mobile phones brings more harm than benefit.答案与题解： 1. C “空 1”应该填入与 low-level radiation有关的内容，例如： low-level radiation究竟有害还是无害。所以， C是合适的选项。此外，直接引语也佐证了选择的合理性。 2. B“空 2”前面一句介绍了澳大利亚拥有手机的现状。选项 B的内容是对到 2000年之前手机发展前景的预测，内容连贯，是正确答案。 3. E 这一段的第一句说的是，许多微波发射搭建在人口稠密的居民区。选项 E的内容涉及微波发射塔的地点选择只考虑到地理位置，而不顾及社区的安全。选项 E扩展了第一句表达的信息。此外选项 E 中出现 tower这个词，与第一句的 tower相呼应，也佐证了选择的合理性。 4. A “空 4”前面一句说的是 Robert Bell建议政府应该禁止在儿童比例高的地区（如学校操场、儿童医疗中心、居住小区等 )的 500米半径的范围内建造发射塔。选项 A说明为什么要这样做的原因，因而是答案。 5. D “空 5”后面一句说的是 major telephone companies出钱资助研究项目的问题，提示了 D是正确答案。第二篇 The Worlds Longest Bridge Rumor has it that1 a legendary six-headed monster lurks in the deep waters of the Tyrrhenian Sea between Italy and the island of Sicily. 1 When completed in 2010, the worlds longest bridge will weigh nearly 300,000 tons equivalent to the iceberg that sank the Titanic and stretch 5 kilomerers long. “thats nearly 50 percent longer than any other bridge ever built,” says structural engineer Shane Rixon. 2 Theyre suspension bridges, massive structures built to span vast water channels or gorges. A suspension bridge needs just two towers to shoulder the structures mammoth weight, thanks to hefty supporting cables slung between the towers and anchored firmly in deep pools of cement at each end of the bridge. The Messina Strait Bridge will have two 54,00-ton towers, which will support most of the bridges load. The beefy cables of the bridge, each 1.2 meter in diameter, will hold up the longest and widest bridge deck ever built. When construction begins on the Messina Strait Bridge in 2005, the first job will be to erect two 370 meter-tall steel towers. 3 Getting these cables up will be something2. Its not just their length totally 5.3 kilometers but their weight. 4 After lowering vertical “suspender” cables from the main cables, builders will erect a 60meter-wide 54,630-ton steel roadway, or deck wide enough to accommodate 12 lanes of traffic. The decks weight will pull down on the cables with a force of 70,500 tons. In return, the cables yank up against their firmly rooted anchors with a force of 139,000 tons equivalent to the weight of about 100,000 cars. Those anchors are essential. 5词汇： legendary /5ledVEndEri/ adj.传说中的 gorge /C:dV/ n.峡谷 monster /5mCnstE/ n.怪物，妖怪 mammoth /5mAmEW/ adj.巨大的 lurk /lE:k/ v.潜伏 hefty /5hefti/ adj.高强度的 Sicily西西里岛(意大南部) sling /sliN/ v.用悬带吊挂（ slung，slung) Tyrrhenian Sea第勒尼安海 beefy /5bi:fI/ adj.结实的 Messina Strait墨西拿海峡 yank /jANk/ v.拽注释： 1. Rumor has it that：传说小说 Rumor has it that这是一种固定结构。 it是宾语，that引导的从句具体说明 it的内容。 2. something：值得重视的人或事。练习： A Some environmentalists are against the project on biological grounds. B What do the worlds longest bridges have in common? C If true, one day you might spy the beast while zipping (呼啸而过) across the Messina Strait Bridge. D Theyre what will keep the bridge from going anywhere. E The second job will be to pull two sets of steel cables across the strait, each set being a bundle of 44,352 individual steel wires. F They will tip up the scales at 166,500 tons more than-half the bridges total mass.答案与题解： 1. C选项 C中有一个关键词 beast，与第一句的 monster相呼应。所以， C是正确答案。 2. B 第二段第二句的主语是 They。由于表语是 suspension bridges，They替代的一定是前面句子出现过的 bridges。六个选项中，只有 B含有 bridges。填在第三段段首，意思连贯。 3. E“空 3”前面的句子有 the first job这几个词。有 first，必有 second/then。六个选项中只有 E含有 The second job。所以，E是答案。 4. F “空 4”前面的句子说的是，把这些吊索吊高定位是有难度的，不仅仅由于它们很长，还由于它们很重。 F具体地介绍了它们的重量，应该是“空 4”前面的句子的后续句。5. D “空 5”前面的句子说的是，桥桩很重要。为什么很重要呢？ D解释了桥桩的作用，意义连贯，所以是答案。第三篇 Reinventing the Table An earth scientist has rejigged the periodic table1 to make chemistry simpler to teach to students. 1 But Bruce Railsback from the University of Georgia3 says he is the first to create a table that breaks with tradition and shows the ions of each element rather than just the elements themselves. “I got tired of breaking my arms trying to explain the periodic table to earth students,”he says, criss-crossing his hands in the air and pointing to different bits of a traditional table. 2 But he has added contour lines to charge density, helping to explain which ions react with which. “Geochemists just want an intuitive sense of whats going on with the elements,” says Albert Galy from the University of Cambridge4. 3 4 He explains that sulphur, for example, shows up in three different spots one for sulphide, which is found in minerals, one for sulphite, and one for sulphate, which is found in sea salt, for instance. He has also included symbols to show which ions arc nutrients, and which are common in soil or water. 5 词汇: rejig /r i:dVi/ n.调整，重新安排 ion /5aiEn/ n.离子 criss-cross /krIsEkrCs/ v.交叉 proton /5prEutCn/ n.质子 geochemist n.地球化学家 sulphur /5sQlfE/ n.硫磺 sulphide /5sQlfaid/ n.硫化物 sulphite /5sQlfait/ n.亚硫酸盐 sulphate /5sQlfeit/ n.硫酸盐 nutrient /5nju:triEnt/ n.滋养物注释： 1. the periodic table：元素周期表 2. Mendeleev：门捷列夫 3. the University of Georgia：乔治亚大学 4. the University of Cambridge：剑桥大学练习： A There have been many attempts to redesign the periodic table since Dmitri Mendeleev drew it up in 1871. B Railsback has still ordered the elements according to the number of protons they have. C “I imagine this would be good for undergraduates.” D Railsback has listed some elements more than once. E And the size of elements symbol reflects how much of it is found in the Earths crust. F The traditional periodic table was well drawn.答案与题解： 1. A 文章是讲重新发明周期表。第一段讲了一位地学科学家已经调整元素周期表，使得教学生化学时更容易些。接着是第二段。第一句是空白，需要填入。接下来的一句话是这么说的：乔治亚大学的 Bruce Railsback说他是第一个创造性地创作了这样一个表的，他突破了传统，显示了每个元素的离子而不只是元素本身。 A的意思是：自从 1871年门捷列夫画出元素周期表以来，许多人试图重新设计周期表。“第一个”这个信息很重要。按照从一般到具体的行文规律，前一句话应当是一般性的描述。 A符合这个条件。 2. B 第三段的第一句话是这么说的：“在给地学学生们解将元素周期表时我的手臂都要累坏了，”他说时在空中来回移动他的两只手，指点传统周期表中不同的元素。这一句话是讲 Bruce Railsback重新制作元素周期表的原因。从主题发展来看，这句话似乎跟上文连不上，但这是一篇报道，插入了一些背景信息和其他人的评论。从第二段的昀后一句话来看 B比较合适，因为都是讲元素。 B说的是： Railsback仍然按照元素所有的质子数排列元素。注意： D也是讲元素。但是 B中有“仍然” (still)这个词，它是衔接第二段的昀后一句话的。 3. C第四段是剑桥大学的 Albert Galy对 Bruce Railsback重新创造的元素周期表的评论。评论常常用原话。引号表明 C是原话。 4. D 第五段需填入主题句。主题句常常是概括性的。从第五段提供的信息来看，“硫磺” (sulphur)这个元素在三个地方出现，因此 D是正确的。 D说的是：有些元素 Railsback列了一次以上。 5. E 第六段的第一句讲到了符号。 E也是讲符号，其他的选项都没有讲，因此应选 E。第四篇 Dont Rely on Plankton to Save the Planet Encouraging plankton growth in the ocean has been touted by some as a promising way to remove carbon dioxide from the atmosphere. 1 Adding iron to patches of ocean can make plankton bloom temporarily. The microscopic organisms suck up dissolved carbon dioxide from the water, which in turn is replaced by carbon dioxide from the air. 2 Jorge Sarmiento from Princeton and his colleagues developed a complex computer model to analyse how factors such as ocean chemistry and water circulation would affect the process if 160,000 square kilometres of ocean were seeded with iron for a month. 3 In their scenario, which covers an area 10 times as big as the largest experiment of this kind ever proposed, fertilising the ocean removes 1 million tonnes of carbon from the atmosphere just 0.2 per cent of the carbon dioxide humankind spews out each month. Rough estimates in the past have predicted similarly disappointing results. 4 says Sallie Chisholm, an environmental engineer from the Massachusetts Institute of Technology.1 “But the take-home2 message is the same. 5 ” 词汇： plankton /5plANkt(E)n/ n.浮游生物 tout /taJt/ v.竭力劝说 dioxide /dai5Cksaid/ n.二氧化物 microscopic /maIkrE5skRpIk/ adj.微小的spew /spju:/ v.吐出 注释： 1. the Massachusetts Institute of Technology：麻省理工学院 2. take-home：实得的练习： A Its opponents argue, however, that it will stop global warming. B Its opponents fear that it will damage the marine ecosystem, and now a computer model shows that the trick 5would also be remarkably inefficient. C As plankton die and settle on the ocean floor, their carbon is supposedly locked up in the seabed. D They found that 100 years later only between 2 and 11 per cent of the extra carbon that was originally taken up by plankton had actually been removed from the atmosphere. E “These are newer and better models.” F Ocean fertilisation is not the answer to global warming.答案与题解： 1. B 本文第一句话说的是，一些人竭力劝说促使浮游生物生长是去除大气中二氧化碳的一种有希望的方法。从“竭力劝说”这个短语中可以推出，不同意这一假设的大有人在。从提供的选项看，只有 A和 B有可能，因为 A和 B都提到了这一假设的反对者。 A说的是：但是反对这一假设的人争辩说，促使浮游生物生长会阻止全球变暖。 B说的是：但是反对这一假设的人担心，促使浮游生物生长会破坏海洋生态系统，并且计算机模型也显示这种办法效果很差。 A实际上是同意一些人所做的假设，所以不对。也就是说 B才是正确的选项。 2. C 第二段前两句的意思是：在海洋的部分水域放人一些铁暂时可以促使浮游生物生长。这些微生物可以吸收溶解在水中的二氧化碳，而水中被微生物吸收了的二氧化碳又可以从空气中的二氧化碳得到补充。下面这句话应当是什么呢 ? C说的是：随着浮游生物的死亡，落在海底后，它们中的碳被假定锁在了海床上。可以看出，此句跟上面两句话很连贯 3. D 第三段的第一句话主要讲 Jorge Sarmiento和他的同事用一个复杂的计算机模型分析诸如海洋化学和水流等因索对这种方法的影响。那么接下来的话应当告诉读者他们分析的结果。 D是这么说的：他们发现，一百年后只有 2%到 11%之间的原先由浮游生物吸收的额外的碳是来自大气的。 D是结果，因此是正确的答案。 4. E这个问题的回答很简单，因为空格后面有“ says”这个词，它预示着所填入的句子应该是带引号的。 E是唯一一个带引号的句子。 E的意思是：这些是比较新的也是比较好的模型。 5. F 昀后一段讲的是：过去一些粗略的估计预测到的都是相似的令人失望的结果，它们提供的核心信息是相同的。即，对海洋施肥不是解决全球变暖的办法。可见 F是正确的。第五篇 The Magic of Sound Music is one of the most beautiful forms of artistic expressions ever invented. In movies and plays, music has an added function1: it not only moves people but also can shock people. Is it true that an ordinary musical instrument can be so powerful? Our eardrums can withstand sound within 20 to 80 decibels. Once sound exceeds this limit2, even beautiful music will become car-splitting noise3 and harm health. A strong blast of high sound can twist and break a solid iron sheet. 1 The noise from a planes engine is over 140 decibels. However, the sound of a flute is at most a few decibels. 2 It has been proven that people who have worked in an environment with a high sound intensity for a long time suffer varying degrees of heart disease or altered brain waves. In movies, sometimes the hero can produce a sound that ordinary people cant hear and only those who have the same ability can feel. In nature, there is actually sound that is beyond our hearing. In physics, the sound that exceeds 20,000 Hz is called ultrasonic. 3 It does no harm to health. Sound less than 20 Hz is called infrasonic waves. When we move, the air will vibrate. 4 As the frequency of infrasonic waves is close to that of peoples internal organs4, infrasonic wave may cause resonance in human bodies. As a result, peoples vision may weaken and internal organs may rupture. However, whether an infrasonic wave can be used as a weapon depends on its intensity5. If its intensity is very low, it wont damage internal organs or a persons health. 5 When wind blows at a force of 3 or 4 over the sea6, it will produce infrasonic waves of several decibels. Only typhoons can produce infrasonic waves of over 100 decibels. At present, scientists can only produce infrasonic weapons in the lab with the help of advanced scientific tools and powerful electric power. 词汇： eardrum /5IEdrQm/ n.耳膜 withstand /wiT5stAnd/ v.抵挡，经受住 infrasonic /7infrE5sCnik/ adj.次声（波）的 decibel /5desibel/ n.分贝 twist /twist/ v.使卷曲，使扭曲 resonance /5rezEnEns/ n.共振 flute /flu:t/ n.长笛 rupture /5rQptFE(r)/ n.破裂 v.（使）破裂 Hz = hertz n. 赫兹 typhoon /tai5fu:n/ n.台风ultrasonic /5QltrE5sCnik/ adj.超声波的 n.超声波 注释： 1. an added function：另加的一种功能 2. Once sound exceeds this limit：一旦声音越过了这个界限。 once是时间状语从句的连词。如： Once you have learned how to swim, you will love this sport. 一旦你学会了游泳，你会爱上这一运动的。 3. ear-splitting noise：震耳欲聋的噪音 4. As the frequency of infrasonic waves is close to that of peoples internal organs：由于次声波的频率接近于人体内部器官的频率。 that指代前面的 frequency。 5. However, whether an infrasonic wave can be used as a weapon depends on its intensity：但是，次声波能否用作武器取决于次声波的强度。 whether an infrasonic wave can be used as a weapon是从句，用作句子的主语。 6. When wind blows at a force of 3 or 4 over the sea：当海面上吹起 34级风的时候练习： A High sound of 150 decibels can kill a healthy rat. B The vibration of air can produce infrasonic waves. C We cannot play high-pitched music with ordinary musical instruments. D If the intensity of infrasonic wave exceeds 160 decibels, it is extremely harmful. E Dolphins, whales and bats can make such high-frequency sound. F Therefore, the sound of ordinary musical instruments cannot harm your health. 答案与题解： 1. A 本段要说明，音量超过 80分贝，即使是美妙的音乐，对人体也有害，“空 1”前面的句子说：一阵高分贝的强烈的冲击波能使一块铁板扭曲和破裂。“空 1”的句子应该与高分贝的声音的危害性有关。选项 A的“High sound of 150 decibels can kill a healthy rat是高分贝声音的危害性的又一个例子。从”空 1”位置上隐去的句子必是此句。 A是答案。2. F “空 2”前面的句子说，长笛发出的声音强度昀多只有几个分贝。选项 F提到乐器，和“空 2”前面的句子的长笛有联系，再看内容， F的句子是对上一句意思的概括。 F是答案。 3. E “空 3”前的句子说超过 2万赫兹的声音称为超声波，“空 3”后的句子说超声波对人体无害。位于这两个句子之间的“空 3”的内容应该与超声波有关。选项 E说海豚、鲸鱼和蝙蝠能发出这种高频率的声音。从内容上看，选项 E与上下文意思连贯，因此是答案。 4. B“空 4”前面的两个句子是 “Sound less than 20 Hz is called infrasonic waves. When we move, the air will vibrate主题是 infrasonic waves。选项 B (“The vibration of air can produce infrasonic waves.”)的句子中，有 vibration， air有和 infrasonic waves，它们与上述两句子的用词重复，说明内容联系十分紧密，而且意思连贯，所以， B是答案。 5. D “空 5”前面的句子说：如果次声波的强度低，不会伤害人的内部器官或影响人的健康。与上述意思有联系的句子出现在选项 D。选项 D说：如果次声波的强度超过 160分贝，就极为有害。两个句子连在一起 .构成一个完整的论述，所以， D是答案。第六篇 Dung to Death1 Fields across Europe are contaminated with dangerous levels of the antibiotics given to farm animals. The drugs, which are in manure sprayed onto fields as fertilizers, could be getting into our food and water, helping to create a new generation of antibiotic-resistant “superbugs”.2 The warning comes from a researcher in Switzerland who looked at levels of the drugs in farm slurry. 1 Some 20,000 tons of antibiotics are used in the European Union and the US each year. More than half are given to farm-animals to prevent disease and promote growth. 2 Most researchers assumed that humans become infected with the resistant strains by eating contaminated meat.3 But far more of the drugs end up in manure than in meat products, says Stephen Mueller of the Swiss Federal Institute for Environmental Science and Technology in Dubendorf. 3 With millions of tons of animals manure spread onto fields of crops such as wheat and barley each year, this pathway seems an equally likely route for spreading resistance,4 he said. The drugs contaminate the crops, which are then eaten. 4 Mueller is particularly concerned about a group of antibiotics called sulphonamides. 5 His analysis found that Swiss farm manure contains a high percentage of sulphonamides; each hectare of field could be contaminated with up to 1 kilogram of the drugs. This concentration is high enough to trigger the development of resistance among bacteria.5 But vets are not treating the issue seriously. There is growing concern at the extent to which drugs, including antibiotics, are polluting the environment. Man