初中英语动词时态讲解.docx

初中英语动词时态讲解动词的构成be 动词助动词情态动词系动词实义动词be 动词be动词的几种形式am is arewas werebeingBeenbe动词的用法与名词、数词、形容词、介词连用I am a doctor.He is ten.They are tired.The cat is under the table.be动词的用法There be 句型用于不可数名词和可数名词单数之前There is a pen on the desk.There is some water in the glass.用于复数名词之前There are some sheep in the hill.用于一般将来时There is going to be a film in our school next Sunday.用于一般过去时There was a book on the desk yesterday.注意：请根据时态和句中的名词选择适当形式。be动词的用法Be 动词在时态中的运用在现在进行时中We are talking.在过去进行时中We were talking at this time yesterday.助动词助动词的几种形式do /dontDoes/ doesntDid/ didntwill /wonthave havent /has hasnt/had hadnt助动词的用法对句子进行否定和疑问Do you get up early every day?I didnt have lunch yesterday.Will you be back soon?He hasnt finished the work yet.在反意疑问句中He works in a school, doesnt he?She has never been there,has she?在倒装句中They helped the farmers , so did we.I wont visit the famous singer,neither will he.情态动词共同特点情态动词后面跟动词原型无论否定、疑问、倒装句、或反意疑问句都用情态动词只有时态变化，没有人称变化情态动词解释can / could在表示请求允许的时候两者和互换， could比can语气更委婉。Can I help you?Could you open the window?在表示有能力作某事时，could是can的过去式。I can swim.I could swim at the age of five.情态动词解释Must /have toMust 表示主观意愿，否定句用Mustnt，否定回答用needntI must go now.You mustnt play in the street.Must I clean the room now?No,you neednt.have to表示客观条件的限制的“不得不”，它有时态和人称变化，需要助动词来否定和疑问。I dont have to carry the big box.He had to wash his clothes.情态动词解释May表示请求别人允许。May I use your bike?表示可能性。He may be a teacher.He may live in this building.系动词我们所学过的系动词是Get，turn，be come，be动词感观动词look，sound，smell，taste，feel系动词只和形容词连用，构成系表结构I feel hungry.The day gets longer and longer.He looked happy.实义动词实义动词指的是有具体行为意思的动词。实义动词在句中可以做谓语动词和非谓语动词。做谓语动词的用法动词会有四种形式：单三，现在分词，过去式，过去分词实义动词注意：掌握四种形式的变化规律He works in the office.We are dancing together.I caught a cold last week.She has watered the flower.实义动词做非谓语动词的用法（指出现在谓语动词之后的动词，它受前面谓语动词的限制）动词会有三种形式：原型(do)动名词(doing)不定式(to do)实义动词用原型：let sb.domake sb.dohelp sb.(to)dohad better do实义动词用动名词：like doingenjoy doingfinish doing介词之后用动名词be good at doingwhat about doingthank you for doing实义动词用不定式：want to dodecide to doplan to dowould like to dolearn to dotell sb.( not)to doask sb.(not) to do实义动词注意下列词不同形式的不同用法:remember doing/to doforget doing/to dostop doing/to dogo on doing/to do时态一般现在时一般将来时一般过去时现在进行时现在完成时过去进行时过去将来时过去完成时一般现在时1.表示事实,现状,性质或经常的,习惯的动作,常与often, usually, always, sometimes, today,every day,once a week, every five minutes, on Sundays等时间状语连用, 如： He has a brother.2.表示普遍真理.如： The earth goes round the sun.3.表示在现在时间里所发生的一个动作 .如：Here comes the train.4.在时间和条件状语从句中代表一般将来时 .如：Ill go with you if you are free tomorrow.一般现在时动词碰到第三人称单数时，要加 “s”work - works辅音字母和“y”结尾的词，如carry - carries以s、x、ch、sh结尾的加“es”，如wash - washesgo - goesdo - doeshave - has一般现在时例句He goes to school on foot every day.We often have supper at home.She doesnt do her work every Sunday.现在进行时结构：am/is/are + 动词的-ing形式用法：1.表示目前发生(进行)的动作(不指状态),常用时间状语有:now,at the moment 等,并常出现在祈使句的句子中,与 look, listen连用.eg. Are you writing a letter to your father at the moment?Listen! She is singing in the next room.2.表示目前阶段正在进行,而此刻不一定在进行的动作.eg. They are planting trees these days.3.表示按计划或安排即将进行的动作,表示这种动作的动词有:come, go, leave, arrive, start, see等,并常与表示将来时间的状语连用.eg. They are leaving for Australia tomorrow afternoon.注意: 某些表示感觉或状态的动词,如 love, like, prefer, hate, see, know等一般不用现在进行时.eg. Lucy prefers art to science.现在进行时一般将来时一般将来时表示将来发生的动作或存在的状态结构： 助动词shall/will + 动词原形（shall一般用于主语是第一人称时，Will是英语任何主语。）肯定式:主语+shall/will+动词原形+其他否定式:主语+shall/will+not+动词原形+其他.疑问式:Shall/Will+主语+动词原形+其他简略回答:(肯)Yes,主语+shall/will .(否)No,主语+shall/will+not 缩写形式: ll =shall/will shant= shall not wont = will not用法:1. 表示将要发生的动作或情况,常用时间状语有: later (on), soon,in a month, next time, from now on, tomorrow等.如. I shall be eighteen years old next year.2.表示某种必然的趋势如Fish will die without water.解析：1. 在以第一人称为主语的问句中,常用 shall 表示提议和询问情况,在以第二人称作主语的问句中,用will 表示请求.如. Where shall we have the meeting?Will you please lend me your pen?一般将来时2.当主语是第一人称时,用will 表示意愿.决心.允诺.命令等.如 I will give you an English-Chinese dictionary for your birthday.3.在时间或条件状语从句中,一般用一般现在时代替一般将来时.如 Tom will write to me when he gets there.4.be going to +动词原形也可表示将来时.(1).表示主观意愿.打算等.eg. Hes going to learn English next term.(2).根据已有迹象,可能要发生的情况eg. Look at the black clouds!-It is going to rain.一般将来时一般过去时一般过去时表示过去发生的动作或存在的状态，一般过去时通常由动词的过去式表示。结构：1.动词的第一、三人称单数用was,其他人称用were,其肯定式,否定式,疑问式和简略回答形式与一般现在时相似。2.行为动词的过去式分为规则和不规则两种, 规则动词的过去式是在动词后加-d或-ed,不规则动词参照不规则动词表,需要专门记忆。肯定式:主语+动词的过去式 + 其他如：I got up at six this morning.否定式:主语 + did not + 动词原形 + 其他如：John didnt live here last year.疑问式:Did + 主语 + 动词原形 + 其他如：Did you see him a moment ago?简略回答.(肯)Yes, 主语 +did (否)No , 主语 + didnt.用法：1.主要用于过去某个时间发生的动作或状态.如.My father was at work yesterday.2.表示过去经常或反复发生的动作,常与often,always 等表示频度的时间状语连用.如，He always went to work by bus last summer.一般过去时3.和when等连词引导的状语从句连用.如.When she reached home, she had a short rest.4.常与表示过去的时间状语, 如 ago, yesterday, last week, in the old days, when I was five years old, in 1995 等连用.如They began the work two months ago.Were you born in 1981? Yes, I was.一般过去时现在完成时动词变化 动词变成过去分词加edPlay - played辅音字母和“y”结尾的词，如carry - carried重读闭音节的单词，双写最后一个字母，再加edstop - stopped不规则动词见书后动词表动词由have（has）+ 过去分词 构成现在完成时表示动作已经完成He has left .I have already had a rest.表示动作不仅已经完成，还要持续（在这个用法当中，动词要用延续性动词，与for引导的一段时间和since引导的短语连用）He has been away for two days.I have already taught in this school since 1990.The bird has been dead for a month.We have made lots of friends since we came here.过去进行时指在过去的某一个时间正在发生的动作。时间状语at this time yesterdayat five oclock yesterday afternoon动词由be动词+动词ing形式构成例句He was watching TV a