2022年考博英语-中国传媒大学考前模拟强化练习题81附答案详解

2022年考博英语-中国传媒大学考前模拟强化练习题（附答案详解）1.单选题

Thetasteofthefoodwasso（）thatitwashardlynoticeable.

问题1选项

A.superior

B.prime

C.topic

D.subtle

【答案】D

【解析】考查形容词辨析。superior“优秀的，出众的”；prime“主要的，基本的”；topic“话题，主题”；subtle“微妙的，难以捉摸的”。根据后面的内容“几乎看不出来”，可知食物的味道是很微妙的，所以不易察觉。选项D符合句意。

2.单选题

Thejudge（）themurderertotwentyyearsinprison.

问题1选项

A.required

B.determined

C.indicated

D.sentenced

【答案】D

【解析】考查动词辨析。A选项required“要求，命令”；B选项determine“决定，确定”。C选项indicate“表明，指出”。D选项sentence“宣判，判决”。句意：法官判处杀人犯20年监禁。本句表示“对杀人犯进行宣判”。因此D选项符合题意。

3.单选题

Inlastweek'sTribune,therewasaninterestingletterfromMr.J.StewartCook,inwhichhesuggestedthatthebestwayofavoidingthedangerofa“scientifichierarchy’’wouldbetoseetoitthateverymemberofthegeneralpublicwas,asfaraspossible,scientificallyeducated.Atthesametime,scientistsshouldbebroughtoutoftheirisolationandencouragedtotakeagreaterpartinpoliticsandadministration.

Asageneralstatement,Ithinkmostofuswouldagreewiththis,butInoticethat,asusual,Mr.Cookdoesnotdefinescience,andmerelyimpliesinpassingthatitmeanscertainexactscienceswhoseexperimentscanbemadeunderlaboratoryconditions.Thus,adulteducationtends“toneglectscientificstudiesinfavorofliterary,economicandsocialsubjects”,economicsandsociologynotbeingregardedasbranchesofscience,apparent.Thispointisofgreatimportance.Forthewordscienceisatpresentusedinatleasttwomeanings,butthewholequestionofscientificeducationisobscuredbythecurrenttendencytododgefromonemeaningtotheother.

Scienceisgenerallytakenasmeaningeither(a)theexactsciences,suchaschemistry,physics,etc.,or(b)amethodofthoughtwhichobtainsverifiableresultsbyreasoninglogicallyfromobservedfact.

Ifyouaskanyscientist,orindeedalmostanyeducatedperson,“Whatisscience?’’Youarelikelytogetananswerapproximatingto(b).Ineverydaylife,however,bothinspeakingandinwriting,whenpeoplesay“science”theymean(a).Sciencemeanssomethingthathappensinalaboratory:test-tubesbalances,Bunsenburners,microscopes.Abiologist,anastronomer,perhapspsychologistoramathematician,isdescribedasamanofsciencenoonewouldthinkofapplyingthistermtoastatesman,apoet,ajournalistorevenaphilosopher.Andthosewhotellusthattheyoungmustbescientificallyeducatedmean,almostinvariably,thattheyshouldbetaughtmoreaboutradioactivity,orthestars,orthephysiologyoftheirownbodies,ratherthanthattheyshouldbetaughttothinkmoreexactly.

Thisconfusionofmeaning,whichispartlydeliberate,hasinitagreatdanger,Impliedinthedemandformorescientificeducationistheclaimthatifonehasbeenscientificallytrainedonesapproachtoallsubjectswillbemoreintelligentthanifonehadhadnosuchtraining.Ascientistspoliticalopinions,itisassumed,hisopinionsonsociologicalquestions,onmorals,onphilosophyperhapsevenonthearts,willbemorevaluablethanthoseofalayman.Buta“scientist”,aswehavejustseen,meansinpracticeaspecialistinoneoftheexactsciences.Itfollowsthatachemistorphysicist,assuch,ispoliticallymoreintelligentthanapoetoralawyer.And,infact,therearealreadymillionsofpeoplewhodobelievethis.

Butisitreallytruethata"scientist",inthisnarrowersense,isanylikelierthanotherpeopletoapproachnon-scientificproblemsinanobjectiveway?Thereisnotmuchreasonforthinkingso.Takeonesimpletest—theabilitytowithstandnationalism.Itisoftenlooselysaidthat"Scienceisinternational,"butinpracticethescientificworkersofallcountrieslineupbehindtheirowngovernmentswithfewerscruplesthanarefeltbythewritersandtheartists.TheGermanscientificcommunity,asawhole,madenoresistancetoHitler.Therewereplentyofgiftedmentodothenecessaryresearchonsuchthingsassyntheticoil,jetplanes,rocketprojectilesandtheatomicbomb.

Ontheotherhand,whathappenedtoGermanliteraturewhentheNaziscametopower?Ibelieveexhaustivelistshavebeenpublished,butIimaginethatthenumberofGermanscientists—Jewapart—whovoluntarilyexiledthemselvesorwerepersecutedbytheregimewasmuchsmallerthanthenumberofwritersandjournalists.Moresinisterthanthis,anumberofGermanscientistsswallowedthemonstrosity(巨大而丑陋的东西)ofracialscience”

Butdoesthismeanthatthegeneralpublicshouldnotbemorescientificallyeducated?Onthecontrary.Allitmeansisthatscientificeducationforthemasseswilldolittlegood,andprobablyalotofharm,ifitsimplyboilsdowntomorephysics,morechemistry,morebiology,etc.tothedetrimentofliteratureandhistory.It’sprobableeffectontheaveragehumanbeingwouldbetonarrowtherangeofhisthoughtsandmakehimmorethanevercontemptuousofsuchknowledgeashedidnotpossess;andhispoliticalreactionswouldprobablybesomewhatlessintelligentthanthoseofanilliteratepeasantwhoretainedafewhistoricalmemoriesandafairlysoundaestheticsense.

Clearly,scientificeducationoughttomeantheimplantingofarational,skeptical,experimentalhabitofmind.Itoughttomeanacquiringamethod—amethodthatcanbeusedonanyproblemthatonemeets—andnotsimplypilingupalotoffacts.Putitinthosewords,andtheapologistofscientificeducationwillusuallyagree.Presshimfurther,askhimtoparticularize,andsomehowitalwaysturnsoutthatscientificeducationmeansmoreattentiontotheexactsciences,inotherwords—morefacts.Theideathatsciencemeansawayoflookingattheworld,andnotsimplyabodyofknowledge,isinpracticestronglyresisted.Ithinksheerprofessional,jealousyispartofthereasonforthis.

1.Weknowfromthesecondparagraphthattheauthorconsidersthepresentdefinitionoftheword“science”（）.

2.Whenpeoplearetalkingaboutscience,theymayNOTreferto（）.

3.Theauthor,contrastsGermansciencewithClurmanliteraturetosupportviewpointthat（）.

4.Anaveragepersonignorantofhistory,beingcomparedwithanilliteratefarmer,withhistoricalmemoriesistoshowthat（）.

5.Thepassagecanbebestsummarizedas（）.

问题1选项

A.ambiguous

B.ambivalent

C.questionable

D.inappropriate

问题2选项

A.physics

B.physiology

C.philosophy

D.psychology

问题3选项

A.Germanliteraturehaslongbeenpersecutedbythegovernment

B.writersarethemostdisruptiveforceofagovernment

C.scientistsaremoreinclinedtosupporttheirgovernmentsthanwriters

D.Germanscientistsshouldnotbeonthesideoftheracists

问题4选项

A.inscientificeducation,theteachingofhistoryshouldn’tbeneglected

B.historyisimportantforapersonwhowantstobeoutstanding

C.historyisthemostimportantsubjectinscientificeducation

D.inscientificeducation,morehistorycoursesshouldbeprovided

问题5选项

A.contrastingsciencewithliterature

B.explainingwhatscienceis

C.givingabetterdefinitionofscience

D.pointingoutpeoplesmisunderstandingofscience

【答案】第1题:A

第2题:C

第3题:C

第4题:A

第5题:B

【解析】1.细节事实题。题目问的是“从第二段中可知，作者认为当下对‘科学’这个词的定义是怎样的？”文章第二段最后一句话提到“因为在当下‘科学’的含义至少有两种，但目前人们倾向于从一种含义转向另一种含义，这整个科学教育问题模糊不清”(Forthewordscienceisatpresentusedinatleasttwomeanings,butthewholequestionofscientificeducationisobscuredbythecurrenttendencytododgefromonemeaningtotheother)，因此选项A“模糊不清的，模棱两可的”符合题意。ambivalent“矛盾的”；questionable“可疑的，有问题的”；inappropriate“不适当的”。

2.细节事实题。题目问的是“当人们谈论科学时，他们没有涉及到下列哪项？”文章第四段提到生物学家、天文学家，可能是心理学家或数学家，被描述为科学家，而没有人会想到用这个词来形容政治家、诗人、记者甚至哲学家（Abiologist,anastronomer,perhapspsychologistoramathematician,isdescribedasamanofsciencenoonewouldthinkofapplyingthistermtoastatesman,apoet,ajournalistorevenaphilosopher），由此可知人们在谈论科学时，他们不是指哲学，因此选项C符合题意。Physics“物理学”；physiology“生理学”；psychology“心理学”。

3.推理判断题。题目问的是“作者将德国科学与克鲁曼文学进行对比，来支持下列哪个观点？”文章第六段第四句提到人们常泛泛地说“科学是国际性的”，但实际上所有国家的科学工作者都站在自己征服一边，比作家和艺术家们所感到的顾虑要少得多(Itisoftenlooselysaidthat"Scienceisinternational,"butinpracticethescientificworkersofallcountrieslineupbehindtheirowngovernmentswithfewerscruplesthanarefeltbythewritersandtheartists)。然后将德国科学家与文学家对待纳粹党的态度进行对比，指出前者接受纳粹党，而后者则由于反对而受到迫害的居多，因此选项C“科学家比作家更倾向于支持他们的政府”符合题意。

4.推理判断题。题目问的是“一个对历史一无所知的普通人，与一个目不识丁的农民相比，用历史的记忆来说明什么？”文章倒数第二段提到对大众的科学教育如果只是注重在物理、化学、生物等方面的教育并没有好处，可能还会有危害。然后提到接受科学教育的一般人的政治反应可能比一个目不识丁的农民的反应要迟钝，因为后者还保留着一些历史记忆和相当健全的审美意识（It’sprobableeffectontheaveragehumanbeingwouldbetonarrowtherangeofhisthoughtsandmakehimmorethanevercontemptuousofsuchknowledgeashedidnotpossess;andhispoliticalreactionswouldprobablybesomewhatlessintelligentthanthoseofanilliteratepeasantwhoretainedafewhistoricalmemoriesandafairlysoundaestheticsense），由此可知作者是为了说明在科学教育中，历史教学不应该被忽略，选项A符合题意。

5.主旨大意题。题目问的是“这篇文章可以最好地概括为……”。文章开篇由一封信引出科学这个概念，提到科学至少有两种定义，而当下用得比较多的定义是第一种，即精确的科学，比如化学、物理学等；接着提到科学家与文学家的区别，并且举了德国科学与文学之间的区别的例子，这些都是在围绕“科学是什么”这个主题进行。因此选项B符合题意。

4.单选题

Theboysinthedorm（）acointodecidewhowouldcleanthefloor.

问题1选项

A.held

B.tossed

C.put

D.collected

【答案】B

【解析】考查动词辨析。A选项hold“持有；保存；召开”；B选项toss“抛；摇匀；颠簸”；C选项put“出发；航行；发芽”；D选项collect“收集；募捐”。句意：宿舍里的男生……硬币决定谁来扫地。这里是指“扔硬币”来做决定，因此B选项toss符合句意。

5.单选题

Thepersonheinterviewedwas（）hisformerschoolmate.

问题1选项

A.nootherthan

B.nomorethan

C.noneotherthan

D.nonetheless

【答案】C

【解析】考查短语辨析。A选项nootherthan“不是别的…；正是…”；B选项nomorethan“不过；仅仅”；C选项noneotherthan“不是别的…；正是…”；D选项nonetheless“仍然，还是”。句意：他采访的人正是他以前的同学。因此A和C都符合句意，但在现代英语中nootherthan不太常用，且多用于指物，而常用noneotherthan来指人，故本题选C。

6.单选题

Howcanwefinishtheworkinthe（）ofanyotherhelpers?

问题1选项

A.shortage

B.haste

C.deficiency

D.absence

【答案】D

【解析】考查名词辨析。A选项shortage“缺乏，不足”。B选项haste“匆忙，急忙”。C选项deficiency“缺陷，缺点”。D选项absence“缺席，缺少，没有”。句意：如果没有其他帮手，我们怎么能完成这项工作呢?本句表示“缺乏帮手的话，难以完成这项工作”。因此D选项符合题意。

7.单选题

Itisa（）_truththatmanistheonlyanimalthathasthepowertospeakandreason.

问题1选项

A.corporate

B.virtual

C.universal

D.indefinite

【答案】C

【解析】考查形容词辨析。A选项corporate“法人的，共同的”。B选项virtual“虚拟的”。C选项universal“普遍的，全世界的”。D选项indefinite“不确定的，无限的”。句意：人类是唯一具有说话和推理能力的动物，这是一个公认的事实。本句表示“人类是仅有的具有说话和推理能力的动物，这是一个普遍公认的事实。因此C选项符合题意。

8.单选题

Whenhewasonly10metersawayfromthefinishingline,theAfricanrunnersuddenly（）passingbytheotherrunners.

问题1选项

A.attempted

B.approached

C.accelerated

D.accessed

【答案】C

【解析】考查动词词义辨析。attempt“企图，试图”；approach“走进；临近；处理”；accelerate“加速”；access“接近，使用”。句意：当他离终点只有10米远的时候，这位非洲跑步者加速超过了其他人。选项C符合题意。

9.单选题

Werarelyperceivemorethanaminute（）ofthesightsandsoundsthatfalluponourorgans;thegreatmajoritypassesusby.

问题1选项

A.fraction

B.fiction

C.function

D.friction

【答案】A

【解析】考查名词辨析。A选项fraction表示“分数，部分，小部分”，B选项fiction表示“小说，编造，谎言”，C选项function表示“功能，运转，函数”，D选项friction表示“摩擦，摩擦力”。根据句意可知，我们仅仅察觉到偶然触及我们感官的一小部分光和声音；而大部分已经过去了。空缺处单词与后文中的thegreatmajority形成对比，形容光和声音的一小部分，因此，只有A项符合语境。故本题正确答案为A选项。

10.单选题

LastSundayshecametovisitusoutoftheblue.Theitalicizedphrasemeans（）.

问题1选项

A.unexpectedly

B.unhappily

C.untidily

D.unofficially

【答案】A

【解析】考查副词辨析。A选项unexpectedly“出乎意料地；意外地”；B选项unhappily“不幸地；遗憾地”；C选项untidily“不整洁地；凌乱地”；D选项unofficially“非正式地；非公认地”。句意：上星期天她突然来看我们。这个斜体短语的意思是……。outoftheblue“突然地，意外地”，与A选项词义相符。

11.单选题

WhenyoustudyintheUnitedStates,usuallyyouhavetobuyyourownhealth（）.

问题1选项

A.insurance

B.expense

C.evidence

D.assurance

【答案】A

【解析】考查名词辨析。A选项insurance“保险，保险费”。B选项expense“损失，代价”。C选项evidence“证据，证明”。D选项assurance“保证，担保”。句意：当你在美国学习时，通常你必须自己购买健康保险。因此A选项符合题。

12.单选题

“TheLastSupper”iswidelyregardedasLeonardodayVinci’s（）.

问题1选项

A.mouthpiece

B.mastermind

C.masterpiece

D.mastery

【答案】C

【解析】考查名词辨析。mouthpiece“代言人”；mastermind“优秀策划者，幕后操纵者”；masterpiece“杰作”；mastery“精通，掌握”。根据句意：《最后的晚餐》被广泛认为是达芬奇的杰作。选项C符合句意。

13.单选题

IarrivedattheairportsolatethatI（）missedtheplane.

问题1选项

A.only

B.quite

C.narrowly

D.seldom

【答案】C

【解析】Normal07.8磅02falsefalsefalseEN-USZH-CNX-NONE

考查副词词义辨析。A选项only表示“仅仅，只有”，B选项quite表示“相当；非常；很”，C选项narrowly表示“狭窄地；勉强地，以毫厘之差，仔细地”，D选项seldom表示“很少，不常”。由句意可知，我到飞机场非常晚，差点儿误机。因此，只有C项最符合原句语境，故本题正确答案为C选项。

14.单选题

CordiaHarringtonwastiredofstandingupalldayandsmellinglikeFrenchfriesatnight.SheownedandoperatedthreeMcDonald’sshopsinIllinois,butasadivorcedmotherofthreeboys,sheyearnedforabusinessthatwouldprovideforherchildrenandletherspendmoretimewiththem.

Herluckymomentcame,strangelyenough,aftershewasnominatedin1992tobeontheMcDonald'sbuncommittee.“Thecompanypickedmeupinacorporatejettoseebakeriesaroundtheworld.”Sherecalls.“EverytimeIwenttoameeting,Ilovedit.Thiswasglobal!”

Theexperienceopenedhereyestobusinesspossibilities.WhenMcDonald’sdecideditwantedanewbunsupplier,Harringtonbecamedeterminedtowinthecontract,eventhoughshehadnoexperiencerunningabakery.

Harringtonstudiedthebakerybusinessandmadesureshewasneveroffexecutives’radar.“Ifyouhaveadream,youcan’twaitforpeopletocallyou,”shesays.“SoI’dvisitamillandsendthemphotosofmyself,inabaker’shatandjacket,holdingasignthatsays“Iwanttobeyourbaker.”Afterfouryearsand32interviews,herpersistencepaidoff.

Harringtonsealedthedealwithahandshake,soldhershopsandborrowed$13.5million.Shewasreadytobuildthefaster,mostautomatedbakeryintheworld.

TheTennesseeBunCompanyopenedaheadofschedulein1997intimeforaslumpinUSfast-foodsalesforMcDonald’s.BeforeHarringtonknewit,shewasdowntoherlast$20,000,notenoughtocoverpayroll.AndheragreementwithMcDonald’srequiredthatshesellexclusivelytothecompany.“Icriedmyselftosleepmanynights,”sherecalls.“IreallydidthinkIamgoingtogobankrupt”.

ButHarringtonworkedoutanagreementtosupplyPepperideFarmaswell.“McDonald’scouldseebenefitifourproductionwentupandpriceswentdownandnobenefitifwewentoutofbusiness,”shesays.“Thatdealsavedus.”

Overthenexteightyears,Haringtonbranchedoutevenmore:Shestartedherowntruckingbusiness,addedacold-storagecompany,andnowhasthreebakeriesproducingfreshbunsandfrozendough—allnowknownastheBuncompanies.Speedisstillapriority:Ittakes11peopleatthemainbakerytomakeout60,000bunsanhourforclientsacross40states,SouthAmerica,andtheCaribbean.

Gratefulforthebreaksshe’shad,Harringtonispassionateaboutprovidingopportunitiestoall230employees.“Financialsuccessisthemostfunwhenyoucangiveitaway,”shesays.

Thecurrenteconomyischallenging.Someofherclients’saleshavedeclined,butshe’sfoundnewclientsandimprovedefficienciestohelpsustaintheeconomy’sdouble-digitgrowth.

CordiaHarringtondoesn’thavetostandonherfeetalldayanymore.Twoofherthreesonsnowworkforher.Andshe'smarriedherhusband,Tom,isnowherCFO.

“Thisismorethanajob,”saysHarrington.“It'samission.I'malwaysthinking.Howcanwebestserveouremployees?Ifwesupportthem,they’lldotheirbesttolookafterourclients.That’showitworkshere.”

1.Accordingtothepassage,whichofthefollowingwasmostsignificantinHarrington’searlycareer?

2.“Harrington....madesureshewasneveroffexecutives‘radar’’’(ParagraphFour)meansthatshe（）.

3.Howdidshesurvivethecrisisofthebakerybusiness?

4.WhichofthefollowingstatementsisINCORRECTindescribinghercurrentbusiness?

5.AccordingtothepassagewhichofthefollowingisfundamentaltoHarrington’ssuccess?

问题1选项

A.Hertravelandthevisitstobakeriesaroundtheworld.

B.HernominationontheMcDonald’sbuncommittee.

C.Abusinesscontractwithlocalbunsuppliers.

D.Theinterviewsandexperienceinrunningabakery.

问题2选项

A.herselfwantedtobeacompanyexecutive.

B.meanttohireexecutivestorunthebusiness

C.meanttokeephermanagementknowledgeandskills.

D.focusedonthemanagementofthebakerybusiness.

问题3选项

A.Byopeningherbuncompanyaheadofschedule.

B.Bysupplyingbunsforanothercompany.

C.BykeepingsuppliesupforMcDonald

D.BymakinganewagreementwithMcDonald

问题4选项

A.Itisfastgrowing.

B.Itisdiversified.

C.Itsclientsarealllocal.

D.Itismoreefficient.

问题5选项

A.Perseveranceandconcernforemployees

B.Businessexpansionandfamilysupport

C.Efficiencyandloveforthefamily

D.Opportunitiesandspeed

【答案】第1题:A

第2题:C

第3题:B

第4题:C

第5题:A

【解析】1.判断推理题。根据第三段的首句“Theexperienceopenedhereyestobusinesspossibilities.这次经历使她看到了商机”，也就是说，在哈林顿的早期职业生涯中最重要的是这次经历。再根据上一段的内容可知，这次经历是在她被任命为麦当劳的面包委员会委员后，公司派专机接她去看世界各地的面包房。所以选项A符合原文。本题容易错选B，但被任命后如果没有那些经历，也不能对她的职业产生影响，所以重要的还是“experience”。

2.判断推理题。根据原文句意“哈林顿学习了怎样经营面包店，并且确保自己从来没有离开过管理层的视线”，由此可知，她这样做是为了保持她的管理知识和技能，所以选项C正确。选项A“她自己想成为一名公司主管”不正确，因为她是想自己经营一家公司而不是成为主管；选项B“打算雇佣管理人员来经营企业”不正确，这时候她自己还没有开公司，所以谈不上雇佣；选项D“专注于面包房业务的管理”也不正确，因为上一段提到她没有经营面包店的经验，所以她学习的是如何经营面包店，而不是业务管理。只有选项C符合原文。

3.细节事实题。根据第七段的最后一句话“那笔交易救了我们”，这里的交易指的是本段首句提到的“达成协议为Pepperide农场供应面包”。所以选项B“向另一家公司供应面包”正确。

4.细节事实题。根据第八段的最后一句“Ittakes11peopleatthemainbakerytomakeout60,000bunsanhourforclientsacross40states,SouthAmerica,andtheCaribbean.面包店的11个人每小时要为来自40个州、南美洲和加勒比海地区的客户制作6万个面包。”由此可知，她的客户不仅仅是当地的，所以选项C不正确。

5.判断推理题。根据最后一段的内容“‘这不仅仅是一份工作，’哈林顿说。‘这是一个任务。我总是思考。我们怎样才能更好地为员工服务?如果我们支持他们，他们就会尽力照顾我们的客户。这就是这里的运作方式。’”由此可知，关心员工是哈林顿成功