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第三部分
语法专题精讲练专题八
连词命题点2
从属连词1.从属连词的分类2.从属连词的用法(1)引导宾语从句的连词:that,
whether,
if——具体讲解见本书“第三部分
语法专题精讲练”专题十
主从复合句P131。(2)引导时间状语从句的连词从属连词含义用法例句when当……时具体用法和例句见下面的“何时用when,何时用while的判定方法”。while从属连词含义用法例句as当……时as引导的从句的动作与主句动作同时发生,但不用进行时,多用一般过去时。The
students
took
notes
as
they
listened.until/till直到until和till通常可以互换,但是till不用于句首;“not…
until/till”意为“直到……才……”。You
may
stay
here
until
the
snow
stops.She
didn’t
go
to
bed
until
she
had
finished
her
homework.续表从属连词含义用法例句before在……之前主句的动作发生在从句动作之前。Did
she
leave
a
message
before
she
left?after在……之后主句的动作发生在从句动作之后。Molly
showed
me
lots
of
beautiful
pictures
after
I
got
to
her
home.续表从属连词含义用法例句since自从从句用一般过去时,主句常用现在完成时。I
have
worked
in
this
companysince
I
came
to
this
city.as
soon
as一……就……从句动作一发生,主句的动作随即发生。若主句用一般将来时,从句常用一般现在时表将来。I
will
visit
you
as
soon
as
I
come
back.续表何时用when,何时用while的判定方法①若主句的动词是短暂性动词,从句的动词是延续性动词,则when和while都可用。如:Our
teacher
came
into
the
classroom
when/while
we
were
chatting.②若主句和从句表示两个同时进行的持续性动作,则要用while。如:My
mother
was
cooking
dinner
while
I
was
reading
a
book.③若从句的动词是短暂性动词,则要用when。如:It
was
raining
when
she
arrived
at
the
station.④若主句和从句的动作不是同时发生,而是有先后顺序,则要用when。如:I
will
study
abroad
when
I
have
enough
money.⑤when可作并列连词,意为“这时(突然)”,while也可作并列连词,意为“而,却”。如:He
was
ready
to
leave
home
when
the
phone
rang.I
like
watching
action
movies
while
she
likes
watching
comedies.(3)引导条件状语从句的连词从属连词含义用法例句if如果若主句用一般将来时,从句常用一般现在时表将来。If
it
doesn’t
rain,
I
will
go
on
a
picnic
with
my
friends.unless(if…
not)除非You
will
be
late
for
school
unless
you
go
now.=You
will
be
late
for
school
if
you
don’t
go
now.as/so
long
as只要I’ll
stay
as
long
as
you
need
me.(4)引导原因状语从句的连词连词含义用法例句because因为表示因果关系的语气最强,用来回答why引导的问句,所引出的原因通常是听话人不知道或最感兴趣的。I
can’t
go
shopping
with
you
because
I
have
to
look
after
my
little
sister.since因为;既然表示因果关系的语气比because弱,引出的原因通常是人们已知的事实,因此经常译为“既然”。Since
everyone
is
here,
let’s
begin.连词含义用法例句as因为as语气比since弱,所引出的原因通常是人们已知的事实或者在说话人看来已经很明显的原因。As
she
is
not
well,
I
decide
to
go
alone.for因为语气最弱,不表示直接原因,表示附加或推断的理解。The
days
are
short,
for
it
is
December
now.续表(5)引导让步状语从句的连词连词含义用法例句although虽然;尽管不能与but连用,但是可以与yet或still连用。Although/Though
he
is
old,
he
is
very
strong.thougheventhough/even
if即使;虽然Even
though/Even
if
I
may
fail,
I
will
have
a
try.whenever无论什么时候引导让步状语从句时相当于no
matter
when。You
can
ask
for
help
whenever
you
need
it.wherever无论在哪里引导让步状语从句时相当于no
matter
where。Some
people
enjoy
themselves
wherever
they
are.连词含义用法例句whatever无论什么引导让步状语从句时相当于no
matter
what。Whatever
difficulties
we
meet,
we
must
face
them
bravely.whoever无论是谁引导让步状语从句时相当于no
matter
who。Whoever
breaks
the
laws
should
be
punished.(6)引导目的状语从句的连词连词含义用法例句so
that/in
order
that为了;以便后接句子。He
works
hard
so
that/in
order
that
he
can
live
a
better
life.续表(7)引导结果状语从句的连词连词含义用法so…
that…如此……以至于……so+adj./adv.+that从句so+adj.+a/an+n.+that从句such…
that…such+a/an+adj.+可数名词单数+that从句such+adj.+可数名词复数/不可数名词+that从句
当名词前有many,
much,
few,
little修饰时,应该用so,不能用such。如:
There
were
so
many
people
that
I
couldn’t
find
a
good
place
to
take
photos.3.状语从句的时态(1)主将从现:在时间、条件状语从句中,若主句是一般将来时,从句用一般现在时。①引导时间状语从句:when,
while,
after,
before,
until,
whenever,
as
soon
as,
once等。如:I’ll
call
you
as
soon
as
I
get
to
Beijing.②引导条件状语从句:if,
unless,
as/so
long
as,
in
case等。如:If
my
mother
allows
me
to
go
to
the
party,
I
will
be
very
happy.(2)since引导的时间状语从句中,主句用现在完成时,从句用一般过去时。如:Our
English
teacher
has
worked
in
this
school
since
she
graduated
from
Peking
University.(3)主情从现:主句有情态动词,从句使用一般现在时。如:You
can
get
good
grades
if
you
study
hard.(4)主祈从现:主句为祈使句,从句使用一般现在时。如:Be
careful
when
you
cut
the
fruit.随堂练一、用方框中所给单词完成句子if
since
because
whilealthough
as
soon
as
until1.I
will
never
give
up
my
dream
of
being
a
policeman
_________
there
are
many
difficulties.although2.You
should
phone
your
parents
___
you
come
home
late,
or
they
will
worry
about
you.if3.Jessie
has
begun
to
practice
dancing
______
she
moved
to
this
city
five
years
ago.since4.For
your
safety,
you
mustn’t
get
close
to
the
train
______
it
stops.until5.The
doctor
looks
tired
and
sleepy
________
he
stayed
up
late
to
look
after
his
patients
last
night.because6.It’s
rude
to
cut
in
on
others.
You
shouldn’t
start
speaking
______
they
are
talking.while7.____________
he
heard
the
little
girl
crying
for
help
outside,
he
rushed
out
of
the
room.As
soon
asunless
rain
before
though
meet8.Making
friends
is
not
easy.
Sometimes
it
can
take
years
_______
you
become
true
friends
with
someone.before9.I
think
my
junior
middle
school
life
is
colourful,________
I
am
always
busy.though10.You
can’t
make
progress
in
math
learning_______
you
work
harder.unless11.He
is
pretty
active
and
he’s
been
my
friend
since
we
_____
for
the
first
time.met12.If
it
______
tomorrow,
I’ll
stay
at
home
and
read
a
book.rains二、用方框中所给单词完成语篇that
before
while
because
if
When
I
was
in
seventh
grade,
I
performed
badly.
I
always
liked
to
eat
or
listen
to
music
1.______
I
was
doing
homework.
This
bad
habit
led
to
my
poor
study.
2._________
my
mother
was
worried
about
me
a
lot,
she
asked
my
head
teacher
for
help.whileBecause
One
day,
3._______
I
was
about
to
leave
school,
my
head
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