阅读课程录屏修改直播

D7直播录播观看情况汇总细节题作业(100%)推断题作业(50%)自由答疑直播录播情况汇总作业情况汇总技巧汇总梳理结构式阅读法–全局黄金八部阅读法–正面逻辑细节分割法–反面结构式阅读法(懒人笔记法)Skimming+Scanning；首段每句都要看:论点/背景，开门见山(做笔记–中/英文+符号)剩下段落：重视段首句(做笔记)，中间部分进行Skimming=结构式阅读；

PS：时间充裕则可考虑看段末句线性思维原则先论点，后论据先总括，后分类先抽象，后具体高效阅读=Skimming>>Scanning神奇的段落加速器当段落出现顺承(then)，并列(and)，举例(forexample)，递进(further)，因果(because)，分类(123)，定义(be)

等表示顺方向含义词汇时候，说明段落后方内容与前方一致，可以加速阅读；当段落出现转折(but)，否定(not)，让步(though)等表示逆方向含义词汇时候说明段落后方与前方内容有出入，需要放慢速度，如果出现多个表示逆方向词汇时，需要以最后一个逆方向词汇后

的含义为准；(每一个段落最后一个逆方向词后面做笔记)黄金八部阅读法#include<结构式阅读法>详细阅读题目利用定位词两大原则(3+1+1原则)确定定位词利用定位词定位对应段落细节(多定位词联动原则)------------------------------------------------------------------------利用关键词八大原则筛选题目中的关键词找到文中的对应关键词6.根据文中关键词附近信息对照所有选项7.主干+逻辑匹配得出正确答案8.分类错误答案(PS:无反混偏满)逻辑细节分割原则#include<结构式阅读法>如果存在以下情况：A并列逻辑关联词BA转折逻辑关联词BA递进逻辑关联词B则：如果细节题考察的是A，但凡有选项涉及到B，该选项应当优先排除

理由：当两个细节被分割，则两者极有可能是张冠李戴关系

适用于细节题，推断题，修辞目的题(有逻辑词存在)

技巧汇总梳理结构式阅读法黄金八部阅读法逻辑细节分割法简单复杂逻辑词定位词关键词结合3+1+1原则多定位词联动原则线性思维原则法不责众原则8大关键词原则错误选项优先级原则逻辑推理图解(下次直播)细节题作业解答

P3:ItsoonbecameclearthatthereweremultipleglacialagesduringthePleistocene,withwarmerinterglacialintervalsbetweenthem.Asgeologistsmappedglacialdepositsinthelatenineteenthcentury,theybecameawarethattherewereseverallayersofdrift,theloweronescorrespondingtoearliericeages.Betweentheolderlayersofglacialmaterialwerewell-developedsoilscontainingfossilsofwarm-climateplants.Thesesoilswereevidencethattheglaciersretreatedastheclimatewarmed.Bytheearlypartofthetwentiethcentury,scientistsbelievedthatfourdistinctglaciationshadaffectedNorthAmericaandEuropeduringthePleistoceneepoch.(TPO-19-3-6)6.Accordingtoparagraph3,whatdidgeologistsconcludeasaresultoffindingwell-developedsoilscontainingwarm-climateplantfossilsbetweenlayersofglacialdrift?

○TherehadbeenonlyonewarmperiodbeforethePleistoceneepoch.○Therehadbeenmultipleperiodsofmildweatherbetweeniceages.○SeveralglacialperiodsoccurredafterthePleistoceneepoch.○SomeearlierepochswerewarmerthanthePleistocene.

P3:ItsoonbecameclearthatthereweremultipleglacialagesduringthePleistocene,withwarmerinterglacialintervalsbetweenthem.Asgeologists

mappedglacialdepositsinthelatenineteenthcentury,theybecameawarethattherewereseverallayersofdrift,theloweronescorrespondingtoearliericeages.Betweentheolderlayersofglacialmaterialwerewell-developedsoilscontainingfossilsofwarm-climateplants.Thesesoilswereevidencethattheglaciersretreatedastheclimatewarmed.Bytheearlypartofthetwentiethcentury,scientistsbelievedthatfour

distinctglaciationshadaffectedNorthAmericaandEuropeduringthePleistoceneepoch.(TPO-19-3-6)

首句和末句中都含有during–因此before和after都排除6.Accordingtoparagraph3,whatdidgeologists

concludeasaresultof

findingwell-developedsoilscontainingwarm-climateplantfossilsbetweenlayersofglacialdrift?

○Therehadbeenonlyonewarm

period

beforethePleistoceneepoch.(过于绝对/无中生有)○Therehadbeenmultipleperiodsofmildweatherbetweeniceages.○SeveralglacialperiodsoccurredafterthePleistoceneepoch.(无中生有)○Someearlierepochswerewarmer

than

thePleistocene.(无中生有)paragraph2ThisfocusonexplainingdinosaurextinctionmissesanimportantpointtheextinctionattheendoftheCretaceouswasaglobaleventthatkilledofforganismsupanddownthefoodchain.Itwipedoutmanykindsofplanktonintheoceanandmanymarineorganismsthatlivedontheplanktonatthebaseofthefoodchain.Theseincludedavarietyofclamsandsnails,andespeciallytheammonites,agroupofshelledsquidlikecreaturesthatdominatedtheMesozoicseasandhadsurvivedmanypreviousmassextinctions.TheK-Teventmarkedtheendofthemarinereptiles,suchasthemosasaursandtheplesiosaurs,whichwerethelargestcreaturesthathadeverlivedintheseasandwhichruledtheseaslongbeforewhalesevolved.Onland,therewasalsoacrisisamongthelandplants,inadditiontothedisappearanceofdinosaurs.Soanyeventthatcanexplainthedestructionofthebaseofthefoodchain(planktonintheocean,plantsonland)canbetterexplainwhathappenedtoorganismsatthetopofthefoodchain,suchasthedinosaurs.Bycontrast,anyexplanationthatfocusesstrictlyonthedinosaurscompletelymissesthepointTheCretaceousextinctionswereaglobalphenomenon,anddinosaurswerejustapartofabiggerpicture.

(TPO-42-2-4)4.Accordingtoparagraph2,whatisproblematicaboutsomescientists'focusondinosaurextinction?

A.Dinosaursbecameextinctsolongagothatnotheoryabouttheirdisappearancecanbeprovenscientifically.B.DinosaurswerenottheonlyorganismsthatwentextinctattheendoftheCretaceousperiod.C.MoremarineorganismswentextinctduringtheCretaceousthandiddinosaurspecies.D.ItismoreimportanttounderstandhowplanktonandothermarineorganismscametothriveduringtheCretaceousperiod.

paragraph2ThisfocusonexplainingdinosaurextinctionmissesanimportantpointtheextinctionattheendoftheCretaceouswasaglobaleventthatkilledofforganismsupanddownthefoodchain.Itwipedoutmanykindsofplanktonintheocean

andmanymarineorganismsthatlivedontheplanktonatthebaseofthefoodchain.Theseincludedavarietyofclamsandsnails,andespeciallytheammonites,agroupofshelledsquidlikecreaturesthatdominatedtheMesozoicseasandhadsurvivedmanypreviousmassextinctions.TheK-Teventmarkedtheendofthemarinereptiles,suchasthemosasaursandtheplesiosaurs,whichwerethelargestcreaturesthathadeverlivedintheseasandwhichruledtheseaslongbeforewhalesevolved.Onland,therewasalsoacrisisamongthelandplants,inadditiontothedisappearanceofdinosaurs.Soanyeventthatcanexplainthedestructionofthebaseofthefoodchain(planktonintheocean,plantsonland)canbetterexplainwhathappenedtoorganismsatthetopofthefoodchain,suchasthedinosaurs.Bycontrast,anyexplanationthatfocusesstrictlyonthedinosaurscompletelymissesthepoint.TheCretaceousextinctionswereaglobalphenomenon,anddinosaurswerejustapartofabiggerpicture.

(TPO-42-2-4)4.Accordingtoparagraph2,whatisproblematicaboutsomescientists'focusondinosaurextinction?

A.Dinosaursbecameextinctsolongagothatnotheoryabouttheirdisappearancecanbeprovenscientifically.(无否)B.DinosaurswerenottheonlyorganismsthatwentextinctattheendoftheCretaceousperiod.C.More

marineorganismswentextinctduringtheCretaceousthan

diddinosaurspecies.(无比较秒排)D.Itismore

importanttounderstandhowplanktonandother

marineorganismscametothriveduringtheCretaceousperiod.(无比较秒排)

paragraph1Dinosaursrapidlybecameextinctabout65millionyearsagoaspartofamassextinctionknownastheK-Tevent,becauseitisassociatedwithageologicalsignatureknownastheK-Tboundary,usuallyathinbandofsedimentationfoundinvariouspartsoftheworld(KisthetraditionalabbreviationfortheCretaceous,derivedfromtheGermannameKreidezeit).Manyexplanationshavebeenproposedforwhydinosaursbecameextinct.Forexample,somehaveblameddinosaurextinctiononthedevelopmentoffloweringplants,whichweresupposedlymoredifficulttodigestandcouldhavecausedconstipationorindigestion—exceptthatfloweringplantsfirstevolvedintheEarlyCretaceous,about60millionyearsbeforethedinosaursdiedout.Infact,severalscientistshavesuggestedthattheduckbilldinosaursandhomeddinosaurs,withtheircomplexbatteryofgrindingteeth,evolvedtoexploitthisnewresourceofrapidlygrowingfloweringplants.Othershaveblamedextinctiononcompetitionfromthemammals,whichallegedlyateallthedinosaureggs—exceptthatmammalsanddinosaursappearedatthesametimeintheLateTriassic,about190millionyearsago,andthereisnoreasontobelievethatmammalssuddenlyacquiredatastefordinosaureggsafter120millionyearsofcoexistence.Someexplanations(suchastheonestatingthatdinosaursalldiedofdiseases)failbecausethereisnowaytoscientificallytestthem,andtheycannotmovebeyondtherealmofspeculationandguesswork.(TPO-42-2-3)3.Accordingtoparagraph1theextinctionofthedinosaursisunlikelytohavebeentheresultofcompetitionfrommammalsbecause

A.mammalswouldnothavebeencapableofeatingdinosaureggsB.mammalsdidnotappearinanysignificantnumbersuntilaftertheLateTriassicC.mammalsanddinosaursdidnot,infact,competeforanyofthesameresourcesD.mammalsanddinosaurslivedtogetherforroughly120millionyearsbeforetheextinction

paragraph1Dinosaursrapidlybecameextinctabout65millionyearsagoaspartofamassextinctionknownastheK-Tevent,becauseitisassociatedwithageologicalsignatureknownastheK-Tboundary,usuallyathinbandofsedimentationfoundinvariouspartsoftheworld(KisthetraditionalabbreviationfortheCretaceous,derivedfromtheGermannameKreidezeit).Manyexplanationshavebeenproposedforwhydinosaursbecameextinct.Forexample,somehaveblameddinosaurextinctiononthedevelopmentoffloweringplants,whichweresupposedlymoredifficulttodigestandcouldhavecausedconstipationorindigestion—exceptthatfloweringplantsfirstevolvedintheEarlyCretaceous,about60millionyearsbeforethedinosaursdiedout.Infact,severalscientistshavesuggestedthattheduckbilldinosaursandhomeddinosaurs,withtheircomplexbatteryofgrindingteeth,evolvedtoexploitthisnewresourceofrapidlygrowingfloweringplants.Othershaveblamedextinctiononcompetitionfromthemammals,whichallegedlyateallthedinosaureggs—exceptthatmammalsanddinosaursappearedatthesametimeintheLateTriassic,about190millionyearsago,andthereisnoreasontobelieve

thatmammalssuddenlyacquiredatastefordinosaureggsafter120millionyearsofcoexistence.Someexplanations(suchastheonestatingthatdinosaursalldiedofdiseases)failbecausethereisnowaytoscientificallytestthem,andtheycannotmovebeyondtherealmofspeculationandguesswork.(TPO-42-2-3)3.Accordingtoparagraph1theextinctionofthedinosaursisunlikely

tohavebeentheresult

ofcompetitionfrommammals

because

A.mammalswouldnot

havebeen

capable

ofeatingdinosaureggs(逻辑错误)B.mammalsdidnotappearinanysignificantnumbersuntilaftertheLateTriassic(过于绝对)C.mammalsanddinosaursdidnot,infact,competeforanyofthesameresources(过于绝对)D.mammalsanddinosaurslivedtogetherforroughly120millionyearsbeforetheextinction

Paragraph5:Thesurface-atmosphererelationshipsinsidemetropolitanareasproduceanumberofclimaticpeculiarities.Foronething,thepresenceorabsenceofmoistureisaffectedbythespecialqualitiesoftheurbansurface.Withmuchofthebuilt-uplandscapeimpenetrablebywater,evengentlerainrunsoffalmostimmediatelyfromrooftops,streets,andparkinglots.Thus,citysurfaces,aswellastheairabovethem,tendtobedrierbetweenepisodesofrain;withlittlewateravailableforthecoolingprocessofevaporation,relativehumiditiesareusuallylower.Windmovementsarealsomodifiedincitiesbecausebuildingsincreasethefrictiononairflowingaroundthem.Thisfrictiontendstoslowthespeedofwinds,makingthemfarlessefficientatdispersingpollutants.Ontheotherhand,airturbulenceincreasesbecauseoftheeffectofskyscrapersonairflow.Rainfallisalsoincreasedincities.Thecauseappearstobeinpartgreaterturbulenceintheurbanatmosphereashotairrisesfromthebuilt-upsurface.(TPO-23-1-12)Accordingtoparagraph5,whichofthefollowingisafactorresponsibleforthegreaterairturbulenceinurbanenvironments?ThehighspeedofthewindstravellingabovecitiesThegreaterrainfalltotalsrecordedincitiesAttemptstoreduceurbanairpollutionTheeffectsoftallbuildingsonairflowParagraph5:Thesurface-atmosphererelationshipsinsidemetropolitanareasproduceanumberofclimaticpeculiarities.Foronething,thepresenceorabsenceofmoistureisaffectedbythespecialqualitiesoftheurbansurface.Withmuchofthebuilt-uplandscapeimpenetrablebywater,evengentlerainrunsoffalmostimmediatelyfromrooftops,streets,andparkinglots.Thus,citysurfaces,aswellastheairabovethem,tendtobedrierbetweenepisodesofrain;withlittlewateravailableforthecoolingprocessofevaporation,relativehumiditiesareusuallylower.Windmovementsarealsomodifiedincitiesbecausebuildingsincreasethefrictiononairflowingaroundthem.Thisfrictiontendstoslowthespeedofwinds,makingthemfarlessefficientatdispersingpollutants.Ontheotherhand,airturbulenceincreasesbecauseoftheeffectofskyscrapersonairflow.Rainfallisalsoincreasedincities.Thecause

appearstobeinpartgreaterturbulenceintheurbanatmosphereashotairrisesfromthebuilt-upsurface.(TPO-23-1-12)Accordingtoparagraph5,whichofthefollowingisafactorresponsibleforthegreaterairturbulenceinurbanenvironments?Thehighspeedofthewindstravellingabovecities(无中生有，过于靠前)Thegreater

rainfalltotalsrecordedincities(张冠李戴，rainfall是结果不是原因)Attemptstoreduceurbanairpollution(无中生有，过于靠前)TheeffectsoftallbuildingsonairflowP2:Evenbeforethedrought,theSaharawasneverwellwatered.Bothhumansandanimalswereconstantlyonthemove,insearchoffoodandreliablewatersupplies.Underthesecircumstances,archaeologistAndrewSmithbelieves,thesmallherdsofBosprimigeniusinthedesertbecamesmaller,morecloselyknitbreedingunitsasthedroughttookhold.Thebeastsweremoredisciplined,sothatitwaseasierforhunterstopredicttheirhabits,andcaptureanimalsatwill.Atthesametime,bothcattleandhumansweremoreconfinedintheirmovements,stayingmuchclosertopermanentwatersuppliesforlongperiodsoftime.Asaresult,cattleandhumanscameintocloseassociation.(TPO-28-2-5)5.Accordingtoparagraph2,whatwasitthatbroughtcattleandhumansintocloseassociation?

○Thedevelopmentofsmallerbreedingunitswithinherds.○Cattleandhumansstayingclosetopermanentwatersuppliesforlongperiodoftime.○Thedevelopmentofgreaterdisciplineamongcattle.○Cattleandhumansconstantlyonthemovesearchingforfoodandreliablewatersupplies.P2:Evenbeforethedrought,theSaharawasneverwellwatered.Bothhumansandanimalswereconstantlyonthemove,insearchoffoodandreliablewatersupplies.Underthesecircumstances,archaeologistAndrewSmithbelieves,thesmallherdsofBosprimigeniusinthedesertbecamesmaller,morecloselyknitbreedingunitsasthedroughttookhold.Thebeastsweremoredisciplined,sothatitwaseasierforhunterstopredicttheirhabits,andcaptureanimalsatwill.Atthesametime,bothcattleandhumansweremoreconfinedintheirmovements,stayingmuchclosertopermanentwatersupplies

forlongperiodsoftime.Asaresult,cattleandhumanscameintocloseassociation.(TPO-28-2-5)5.Accordingtoparagraph2,whatwasitthatbrought

cattleandhumansinto

closeassociation?

○Thedevelopmentofsmallerbreedingunitswithinherds.○Cattleandhumansstayingclosetopermanentwatersuppliesforlongperiodoftime.○Thedevelopmentofgreaterdisciplineamongcattle.○Cattleandhumansconstantlyonthemovesearchingforfoodandreliablewatersupplies.P2：ThefreshwaterDevonianlobe-finnedfishrhipidistiancrossopterygianisofparticularinteresttobiologistsstudyingtetrapodevolution.Thesefishlivedinriverchannelsandlakesonlargedeltas.Thedeltarocksinwhichthesefossilsarefoundarecommonlyredduetooxidizedironminerals,indicatingthatthedeltasformedinaclimatethathadalternatewetanddryperiods.Iftherewereperiodsofdrought,anyadaptationsallowingthefishtosurvivethedryconditionswouldhavebeenadvantageous.Intheserhipidistians,severalsuchadaptationsexisted.Itisknownthattheyhadlungsaswellasgillsforbreathing.Crosssectionscutthroughsomeofthefossilsrevealthatthemudfillingtheinteriorofthecarcassdifferedinconsistencyandtexturedependingonitslocationinsidethefish.Thesedifferencessuggestasadlikecavitybelowthefrontendofthegutthatcanonlybeinterpretedasalung.Gillswereundoubtedlythemainsourceofoxygenforthesefish,butthelungsservedasanauxiliarybreathingdeviceforgulpingairwhenthewaterbecameoxygendepleted,suchasduringextendedperiodsofdrought.So,thesefishhadalreadyevolvedoneoftheprimerequisitesforlivingonland:theabilitytouseairasasourceofoxygen.(TPO-44-1-2)

2.Accordingtoparagraph2,whatdothemineralsinthedeltarockscontainingrhipidistiancrossopterygianfossilsreveal?

A.Thesedeltasformedindryperiodsbutgraduallybecamewetter.B.Thesedeltascontaindifferenttypesofironmineralsthandothesurroundingareas.C.Mostrhipidistiancrossopterygianfishdiedwhentheclimatebecamedry.D.Rhipidistiancrossopterygianfishlivedinareasthatexperiencedalternatedryandwetperiods

P2：ThefreshwaterDevonianlobe-finnedfishrhipidistiancrossopterygianisofparticularinteresttobiologistsstudyingtetrapodevolution.Thesefishlivedinriverchannelsandlakesonlargedeltas.Thedeltarocksinwhichthesefossilsarefoundarecommonlyredduetooxidizedironminerals,indicatingthatthedeltasformedinaclimatethathadalternate

wet

and

dryperiods.Iftherewereperiodsofdrought,anyadaptationsallowingthefishtosurvivethedryconditionswouldhavebeenadvantageous.Intheserhipidistians,severalsuchadaptationsexisted.Itisknownthattheyhadlungsaswellasgillsforbreathing.Crosssectionscutthroughsomeofthefossilsrevealthatthemudfillingtheinteriorofthecarcassdifferedinconsistencyandtexturedependingonitslocationinsidethefish.Thesedifferencessuggestasadlikecavitybelowthefrontendofthegutthatcanonlybeinterpretedasalung.Gillswereundoubtedlythemainsourceofoxygenforthesefish,butthelungsservedasanauxiliarybreathingdeviceforgulpingairwhenthewaterbecameoxygendepleted,suchasduringextendedperiodsofdrought.So,thesefishhadalreadyevolvedoneoftheprimerequisitesforlivingonland:theabilitytouseairasasourceofoxygen.(TPO-44-1-2)

PS：抓住reveal功能词–wet和dry的逻辑关系2.Accordingtoparagraph2,whatdothemineralsinthedeltarockscontainingrhipidistiancrossopterygianfossilsreveal?

-细节题A.Thesedeltasformedindryperiods

but

graduallybecamewetter.(内容矛盾)B.Thesedeltascontaindifferenttypesofironmineralsthandothesurroundingareas.(无中生有，过于靠前)C.Mostrhipidistiancrossopterygianfishdied

whentheclimatebecamedry.(无中生有/以偏概全)D.Rhipidistiancrossopterygianfishlivedinareasthatexperiencedalternatedry

and

wetperiods

P2:Clementsandotherearlyecologistssawalmostlawlikeregularityintheorderofsuccession,butthathasnotbeensubstantiated.Ageneraltrendcanberecognized,butthedetailsareusuallyunpredictable.Successionisinfluencedbymanyfactors:thenatureofthesoil,exposuretosunandwind,regularityofprecipitation,chancecolonizations,andmanyotherrandomprocesses.(TPO-19-2-1)

1.Accordingtoparagraph2,whichofthefollowingisacriticismofClements’viewofsuccession?

○TheprinciplesofsuccessionaremorelawlikethanClementsthoughttheyare.○MoreevidenceisneededtoestablishClements’predictionsaboutsuccession.○Thedetailsofsuccessionareaffectedbyrandomprocesses.○Manyofthefactorsthatdeterminewhichplantswillgrowinanenvironment,suchasthenatureofthesoilandtheexposuretosun,donotchangeatall.

P2:Clementsandotherearlyecologistssawalmostlawlikeregularityintheorderofsuccession,butthathasnotbeensubstantiated.Ageneraltrendcanberecognized,but

thedetailsareusuallyunpredictable.Successionisinfluencedbymanyfactors:thenatureofthesoil,exposuretosunandwind,regularityofprecipitation,chancecolonizations,andmanyotherrandomprocesses.(TPO-19-2-1)1.Accordingtoparagraph2,whichofthefollowingisacriticism

ofClements’viewofsuccession?

○TheprinciplesofsuccessionaremorelawlikethanClementsthoughttheyare.(无比较逻辑)○More

evidenceisneededtoestablishClements’predictionsaboutsuccession.(无比较逻辑)○Thedetailsofsuccessionareaffectedbyrandomprocesses.○Manyofthefactorsthatdeterminewhichplantswillgrowinanenvironment,suchasthenatureofthesoilandtheexposuretosun,donotchangeatall.(过于绝对)

Paragraph6:Thefactthatsomesocietiesdomesticatedanimalsandplants,discoveredtheuseofmetaltools,becameliterate,anddevelopedastateshouldnotmakeusforgetthatothersdevelopedpastoralismorhorticulture(vegetablegardening)butremainedilliterateandatlowlevelsofproductivity;afewenteredthemodernperiodashuntingandgatheringsocieties.Itisanthropologicallyimportanttoinquireintotheconditionsthatmadesomesocietiesadoptagriculturewhileothersremainedhunter-gatherersorhorticulturalists.However,itshouldbekeptinmindthatmanysocietiesthatknewofagriculturemoreorlessconsciouslyavoidedit.WhetherMithen'sexplanationissatisfactoryisopentocontention,andsomeauthorshaverecentlyemphasizedtheimportanceofotherfactors.(TPO-21-2-12)Accordingtoparagraph6,whichofthefollowingisaweaknessofMithen'sexplanation?Itdoesnotclearlydistinguishagriculturefrompastoralismandhorticulture.Itfailstoexplainwhysomesocietiesadoptedagriculturewhileothersdidnot.Itexplainsthedomesticationofplantsandanimalsbutnotthedevelopmentofmetaltools.ItoverlooksthefactthatilliteracyandlowproductivityremainproblemseventodayParagraph6:Thefactthatsomesocietiesdomesticatedanimalsandplants,discoveredtheuseofmetaltools,becameliterate,anddevelopedastateshouldnotmakeusforgetthatothersdevelopedpastoralismorhorticulture(vegetablegardening)butremainedilliterateandatlowlevelsofproductivity;afewenteredthemodernperiodashuntingandgatheringsocieties.Itisanthropologicallyimportanttoinquireintotheconditionsthatmadesomesocietiesadoptagriculturewhileothersremainedhunter-gatherersorhorticulturalists.However,itshouldbekeptinmindthatmanysocietiesthatknewofagriculturemoreorlessconsciouslyavoidedit.WhetherMithen'sexplanationissatisfactoryisopentocontention(争议),andsomeauthorshaverecentlyemphasizedtheimportanceofotherfactors.(TPO-21-2-12)

(多重转折!将重点放在最后一个转折)Accordingtoparagraph6,whichofthefollowingisaweaknessofMithen'sexplanation?Itdoesnotclearlydistinguishagriculturefrompastoralismandhorticulture.(过于靠前)Itfailstoexplainwhysomesocietiesadoptedagriculturewhileothersdidnot.Itexplainsthedomesticationofplantsandanimalsbutnotthedevelopmentofmetaltools.(过于靠前)Itoverlooksthefactthatilliteracyandlowproductivityremainproblemseventoday.(过于靠前)P4:TheprocessesthatinteracttoproduceanElNinoinvolveconditionsallacrossthePacific,notjustinthewatersoffSouthAmerica.Over60yearsago,SirGilbertWalker,aBritishscientist,discoveredaconnectionbetweensurfacepressurereadingsatweatherstationsontheeasternandwesternsidesofthePacific.HenotedthatariseinatmosphericpressureintheeasternPacificisusuallypaniedbyafallinpressureinthewesternPacificandviceversa.HecalledthisseesawpatterntheSouthernOscillation.ItwaslaterrealizedthatthereisacloselinkbetweenElNinoandtheSouthernOscillation.Infact,thelinkbetweenthetwoissogreatthattheyareoftenreferredtojointlyasENSO(ElNino-SouthernOscillation).(TPO-43-3-8)8.Accordingtoparagraph4,whatdidSirGilbertWalkerdiscover?

OThereisacloselinkbetweenElNinoandtheSouthernOscillation.OSurfacepressurereadingsallacrossthePacificfirstriseandthenfallbeforeanElNinooccurs.OSurfacepressureononesideofthePacifictendstofallwhenpressurerisesontheoppositeside.OTheformationofanElNinodependsonconditionsallacrossthePacific,notjustinthewatersoffofSouthAmerica.P4:TheprocessesthatinteracttoproduceanElNinoinvolveconditionsallacrossthePacific,notjustinthewatersoffSouthAmerica.Over60yearsago,SirGilbertWalker,aBritishscientist,discoveredaconnectionbetweensurfacepressurereadingsatweatherstationsontheeasternandwesternsidesofthePacific.HenotedthatariseinatmosphericpressureintheeasternPacificisusuallypaniedbyafallinpressureinthewesternPacificandviceversa.HecalledthisseesawpatterntheSouthernOscillation.ItwaslaterrealizedthatthereisacloselinkbetweenElNinoandtheSouthernOscillation.Infact,thelinkbetweenthetwoissogreatthattheyareoftenreferredtojointlyasENSO(ElNino-SouthernOscillation).(TPO-43-3-8)8.Accordingtoparagraph4,whatdidSirGilbertWalkerdiscover?

OThereisacloselinkbetweenElNinoandtheSouthernOscilla