非谓语知识点总结

1、非谓语动词在句中充当除谓语以外的句子成分的动词形式叫做非谓语动词。非谓语动词分为三种形式：不定式、现在分词和过去分词I.概述不定式：时态主动态被动态一般式to doto be done进行式to be doing完成式to have builtto have been builtHe pretended to be listening to the teacher attentively. (进行式)This work of art seemed to have been created several centuries ago. (完成式的被动态)分词分为现在分词和过去分词。现在分词的构成

2、v +ing, 过去分词为v +ed。其否定式在其前加not, 分词句中可作定，状，补，表。1. 现在分词v-ing形式：时态主动态被 动 态一般式doingbeing done完成式having donehaving been done注意：不及物动词没有被动式现在分词的非谓语形式Having finished his homework, he went playing. (完成式主动态)All this having been settled, he went home. (完成式被动态) 过去分词的非谓语形式Encouraged by the teacher, we worked sti

3、ll harder than ever. Seen from the hill, the town looks nice. 现在分词和过去分词的区别：在语态上，现在分词表示主动意义，过去分词表示被动意义；在时间上，现在分词表示的动作往往正在进行或者与谓语动词同时发生，过去分词表示的动作已经完成或没有一定的时间性。2.所做成分项目/成分主语表语宾语宾补定语状语动词的ing形式现在分词动名词不定式过去分词注：现在分词、不定式、过去分词都可以作独立成分。II.基本知识1.动词不定式在句中充当的成分作主语。在很多情况下，常用it 来充当动词不定式的形式主语。It is important for us

4、 to learn English very well.对我们来说学好英语是非常重要的。.动词不定式作动词的宾语，常用在以下动词后：help，hope，ask，refuse，decide，promise，wish，pretend，expect，arrange，learn，plan，demand，dare，manage，agree，prepare，fail，determine，offer，choose，desire，elect，long，(happen，seem) 在某些复合宾语中，用it做形式宾语，而把不定式放到后面去。He considered it better to leave now.

5、他认为最好现在就离开。I found it impossible to finish the work on time.我发现准时完成这项工作是不可能的。作定语（常置于名词之后）。由only, last, next 序数词或形容词最高级修饰的名词常用不定式做定语; 不定式还可用作名词，代词的宾语 (ability, anything, attempt, chance, curiosity, desire, decision, determination, effort, failure, intention, need, nothing, opportunity, place, plan, p

6、romise, reason, right, something)She is always the first to come and the last to leave.I dont think he is the best man to do the job.我想他不是做这项工作的最佳人选。注：动词不定式to后所接动词若是不及物动词，而不定式与其修饰的动词之间有动宾关系，这个不定式后就应有必要的介词。I havent decided which hotel to stay at.I found no one to play with.作状语I walked slowly on the i

7、ce in order not to fall down.（不至于跌倒） (表目的)They lifted a rock only to drop it on their own feet. (表结果)She was happy to hear the news. (表原因)不定式常用于修饰下列形容词：able,afraid,angry, anxious, apt, careful, careless, certain, clever, considerate, delighted, difficult,eager, easy, fit, frightened , happy, interes

8、ting, likely, lucky, quick, ready, reluctant , right, sorry, surprised, sure, thoughtful, thoughtless, unable, unwilling, wrong etc.在下列结构后常用不带to的动词不定式：had better, would rather, can not but, cannot help but, do nothing but等。Id better go now, or Ill miss the train.They can not but accept his advice.我只

9、好接受他的建议。在except, but 之前有动词do作实义动词，则except, but 后一般接不带to的动词不定式，反之则接带to的动词不定式。We have no choice but to wait.我们除了等待别无选择（我们只好等待）。There is no choice but to go there.There is nothing to do but to (to 可省略) read a book.2.现在分词在句中充当的成分作主语Eating too much is not good for your health.吃得太多对你的健康不利。Not being able t

10、o use computer is a great barrier to his success. 不会使用电脑是他成功的一个巨大的障碍作定语。作定语的分词如果是单个分词，放在所修饰的名词前；如果是分词短语则放在所修饰的名词后面。在用作定语时，分词在意思上接近一个定语从句。The boring snow made the bored boys go home. The man writing the note is my friend. (= The man who is writing the note is my friend.)注：现在分词与过去分词都可作定语，但现在分词表达的是正在进行

11、的事情，有主动意义；而过去分词表示的是已完成的事情，有被动意义。作表语、宾语补足语。能带分词作宾补的动词常见的有see, hear, keep, find, notice, watch, think, want, smell, observe等。I found him reading a novel. 在读小说(现在分词作宾语补足语)I found him surrounded by a group of children.一群孩子包围着 (过去分词作宾语补足语)作状语。分词作状语可以表示时间,原因, 条件,结果,伴随情况。Having read all the required papers

12、, he answered the questions fluently.（时间）Being short of money, I decided to apply for the work.（原因）Seriously injured, Allen was rushed to the hospital.（原因）If going there by plane, well have to pay twice as much.（条件）Unless asked to answer questions, the pupils were not supposed to talk in Mrs Smiths

13、class.（条件）The farmer useda new insecticide, thus raising the average yield by 15%.（结果）He sat in a rocking chair, watching TV.（伴随）动名词动名词的复合结构动名词的复合结构由物主代词或名词所有格 + 动名词构成。如果不是在句子开头，这种结构常可以由名词的普通格或人称代词宾格 +动名词构成， 在句中可作主语、宾语等。例如：Do you mind my closing the door? Do you mind me closing the door?My closing t

14、he door made him angry.I cant stand Lees talking like that about other comrades.动名词的某些固定结构It is + no use, no good(fun,a great pleasure, a waste of time,a bore.)等名词+doing sth.It is no use crying.哭没有用。It is no good objecting.反对也没有用。It is a waste of time trying to explain设法解释是浪费时间。It is + useless+doing

15、 sthIt is useless speaking.光说没用。There is no +point/sense in doing “是无意义的”。.)be on the point of + doing sth. when “濒临，将要”He was on the point of leaving when the phone rang.on (upon) + doing “一就”On hearing the news, I changed my plans.(= As soon as I heard the news, I changed my plans.)go + doing (大部分

16、指运动和游戏)He went shopping / hiking / swimming / fishing etc.动名词短语常用在以下结构中have (great) difficulty (in) + doing sth have trouble (in) + doing sthhave fun (in) + doing sth/ have a good time (in) + doing sth/have a hard time (in) + doing sthfeel like + 名词“想要”=would like to +原形动词Do you feel like going to a

17、 movie?你想看电影吗?3.过去分词在句中充当的成分.过去分词作定语注意当过去分词是单词时，一般用于名词前，如果是过去分词短语，就放在名词的后面。过去分词作定语相当于一个被动语态的定语从句。过去分词作表语有些过去分词是不及物动词构成的，不表示被动，只表示完成。如：boiled water（开水）fallen leaves（落叶）newly arrived goods（新到的货）the risen sun（升起的太阳）the changed world（变了的世界）过去分词作宾语补足语 I heard the song sung several times last week.上周我听见这首

18、歌被唱了好几次。有时过去分词作with短语中的宾语补足语：With the work done, they went out to play.工作做完了，他们出去玩去了。过去分词作状语1）表示原因Praised by the neighbours, he became the pride of his parents. 受到邻居们的表扬，他成为父母的骄傲。2）表示时间Once seen, it can never be forgotten.一旦它被看见，人们就忘不了。3）表示条件Given more time, Ill be able to do it better.如果给予更多的时间，我能做

19、得更好。4）表示让步Though told of the danger, he still risked his life to save the boy.虽然被告之有危险，他仍然冒生命危险去救那个孩子。Filled with hopes and fears, he entered the cave.心中充满了希望与恐惧，他走进了山洞。注意：分词的特殊结构独立主格有时分词的逻辑主语与主句主语不一致，这时分词须带上自身的主语，这种结构称为独立主格结构。这种结构在句中多作伴随状语。亦可用来表示时间、原因、条件等。That being the case, wed better make some c

20、hanges in the plan.Weather permitting, we will go out. = if weather permitsThe teacher having finished the lesson, the students left the classroom.“with或without + 名词或代词 + 分词”的复合结构常用作补充说明或表示伴随情况。例如：He fell asleep with the lamp burning.某些固定结构generally / frankly speaking ,judging from / by 中，分词的逻辑主语与句子

21、的主语不一致，这种结构只限于为数很少的几个动词。Judging by his dress, he comes from a wealthy family.从他的衣着判断Frankly speaking, I dont like him at all.坦率地说catch+宾语+doingI caught them stealing my apples我抓住他们偷我的苹果。If she catches me reading her diary，shell be furious.如果她抓住我偷看她的日记，她会愤怒的注：有些现在分词可以作介词用：如concerning, considering, re

22、garding, respecting,assuming,providing等。Considering his age, he is tall.考虑了他的年龄I have nothing to say concerning his speech.关于他的演讲关于there be 的非谓语形式：there be非谓语形式可在句中作主语、宾语、状语和定语1.作动词宾语时，通常用there to be结构，而不用there being。能这样用的及物动词为：expect，like，mean，intend，want，prefer，hate等，如： We dont want there to be an

23、y comrades lagging behind.我们不希望有任何同志掉队。We have no objection to there being a meeting here我们并不反对在这里开会。I often dream of there being a garden in front of my house.2.作状语多用there being结构There being nobody else at hand,I had to do by myselfThere being no buses here, we had to walk home.【非谓语动词专练】（一）1.The ne

24、xt thing he saw was smoke _. (rise)接下来我们看到的是烟雾从房子的后面冒出来2. More highways have been built in China, _ _ travel form one place to another.(make)中国修建了越来越多的高速公路，使得人们更加方便从一个地点到另外一个地点3._, the tourists danced with the local people. (gather)游客们围绕在火堆旁边，与当地人一起跳舞4.They use computers to_ （keep, run）他们使用电脑来保持交通畅通

25、无阻 5._, Eric walked deeper into the forest. (realize)Eric并没有意识到自己出于巨大的危险中，走向了森林深处6._, the old man suddenly realized he had left the cheque in the car.(wait) 老人等候了半个小时，突然意识到他把支票忘在了车里7.The wild flowers looked like a soft orange blanket _ (cover)野花好似一张柔软的桔色毯子，覆盖了沙漠 8. _ other continents for millions of

26、 years ,Australia has many plants and animals not found in any other country in the world.(separate)由于和其他洲隔离了很多年，澳大利亚拥有很多在世界上其他国家所不能找到的动植物9.With many books _，he became more and more famous.(come)随着很多书的出版，他变得越来越出名。10._sunlight for too much time will do harm to ones skin.(expose)暴露于阳光下太久将对人的皮肤有害。（二）1.

27、 That book _ sells well. (worth) 那本很值得一看的书卖得很好。2. Smoking is a major factor _ . (lead)抽烟是导致癌症的主要因素。3. To our great surprise, the scientist devote all his life to _ (观察太阳). (observe)使我们吃惊的是，那位科学家一生都致力于观察太阳。4. _(没完成) the program, they have to stay there for another two weeks. (complete)因为没完成那个项目，他们不得不

28、在那儿再待两周。5. The manager, _(向我们表明) to us that he didnt agree with us, left the meeting room. (make)那个经理，向我们表明他不同意我们的意见，然后离开了会议室。6. The old man, _(工作) abroad for twenty years, is on the way back to his motherland. (work)那位老人，在国外工作了20年，正在回国的路上。7. _ , youd better not go hiking. (consideration)考虑到你的健康状况，你

29、最好不要去徒步。8. The book _ you was bought in the nearest shop. (belong)属于你的那本书是在最近的商店买的。9. Many buildings in the city need repairing，but the one _is the library.(repair) 城市里许多建筑需要修理，首先要修的是图书馆。10. Yesterday my cousin_on his way to school. (pick)昨晚我的表弟在去上学路上遭遇扒手掏腰包了。（三）1 _ a jungle is a terrible.(lose)在丛林中

30、迷路是一件可怕的事2._ to the wedding, she had to stay at home alone.(invite)没有被邀请参加婚礼，她只得独自呆在家里。3Not _, I turned to him for advice.(what)不知道干什么，我向他征求8意见。4 _,he didnt want to try again.(fail)失败了三次，他不想在尝试。5 _ his research, the professor paid little attention to his surroundings.(devote)致力于他的研究，教授几乎没有注意到他周围的事物。

31、6 The man was caught _.(steal)这个人被抓从超市偷珠宝。7 _, he almost ran into the car in front of him.(lose)陷入沉思，他几乎撞到前面的车。8 The boy couldnt give the teacher a good reason for_.(be)这个孩子不能给老师他上学迟到一个好的理由。9.Im afraid well have to work extra hours，for there are still some problems_（remain）我担心我们将不得不加班，因为还有一些剩下的问题要解决

32、。10 _,he found that one was more exciting.(compare)那这部动画片和那部比较，他发现这个更激动人心。（四）1._ from the operation，the patient was advised to stay in hospital for other two weeks.(recover)没有从手术中完全康复，病人被建议继续呆在医院两个星期。2._，he didnt notice me enter the room.(absorb)他专心读书，没注意到我走进房间。3.That day many people came to the sup

33、er iPhone store to mourn Steve Jobs, some _carnations.(hold)那天许多人去苹果超级体验店悼念乔布斯，其中一些人手里握着白色康乃馨。4.When _，we often pay attention to the differences without noticing the many similarities.(compare) 当比较不同文化时，我们常常注意差别而忽视了许多共同点。5.Dina, _for months to find a job as a waitress, finally took a position at a l

34、ocal advertising agency.(struggle) 迪娜奔波几个月想要找一份服务员的工作，最终在一家地方广告社谋得职位。6.Im not sure if I can attend the wedding ceremony _at 8 oclock tomorrow morning.(hold) 我不确定是否能参加明早八点举行的结婚典礼。7.With my mind _，I am stressed out.(fill)脑袋里充斥着如此多的工作，我压力巨大。8._ in the Kooris for years, I decided to learn their language

35、. (interest)对古利人感兴趣多年，于是我决定学习他们的语言。9.The weather report says the temperature is going to drop sharply. Do remember _. (put) 天气预报说气温会大幅下降。记得多穿点衣服。10.In most cases, customers cant help _ what they actually do not need. (persuade) 大部分情况之下，顾客们情不自禁地被说服去买他们实际上并不需要的东西。 (五)1. It _, we all went swimming in h

36、igh spirits. (be) 天气不错，我们兴高采烈地去游泳。2. She stood there, _ from her cheeks. (roll) 她站在那儿，眼泪滑落脸颊。3._, they were praised as national heroes.(on) 一返回,他们就被尊为名族英雄。4.Three months later, however, Wang Lin was told about a health care project that provides treatment _. (depend) 然而三个月后，王林被告知了一个按病人的需要提供治疗的健康保健项目

37、。 5.As a senior 3 student, everyone of us is studying as hard as he can, _ a key university. (admit) 作为一个高三的学生，我们每个人都在尽自己所能地努力学习，希望被重点大学录取。 6._ many times, I still dont know how to operate the computer and download information from the Internet. (tell) 虽然被告知了多次，我仍然不知道怎么操作电脑和从网上下载信息。 7.I never dreame

38、d of _to study in the hospital.(there) 我从来没有梦想过有这样的机会去医院学习。8.Instead of sending people, we can send robots _and other tools to the moon.(equip) 我们可以用装备计算机和其他工具的机器人去月球取代人。9.I forgot _because I was really occupied with the work.(advance) _我忘记提前提醒你，因我工作太忙了。10._,he paid no attention to things around him

39、.(burry) 埋头读书，他没注意他周围的任何人。，（六）1.He is said _a new computer program now, but I dont know when he will finish it.(design) 据说他在设计一款新的电脑项目，但是我不知道他会什么时候完成。2.The week _, many African-American families get together to greet the new year and think about the past.(follow)圣诞节后的那一周，很多非洲裔美国人聚集一起迎新年和反思过去。3._ the

40、 diamond, he had to look for a place to hide it.(steal) 偷窃钻石之后，他不得不找个地方把它藏起来。4._, the question is finally understood by all of us present.(explain)解释得很清楚,问题还是没被我们出席的人所理解。5.He stood there _a tree that grew against the wall.(hold)他站在那儿，紧紧抓住一棵倚墙而长得树。6.Robert is indeed a wise man.How often I have regret

41、ted _!(take)Rober的确是一个聪明人，我曾多少次后悔没有采纳他的建议.7.All the officials _ , the meeting was declared open.(arrive) 所有的官员都到了，会议宣布开始。8.When youve finished with book, _on the shelf, will you?(forget,put) 当你读完这本书，不要忘了放回到书架上，好吗？9.All flights _(被取消) because of the snowstorm, many passengers could do nothing but tak

42、e the train.(cancel)所有航班被取消了，因为暴风雪，很多乘客只得坐火车了。10.The squirrel was lucky that it just _.(miss)小松鼠很幸运，未被捉住。（七）1.A boy and a girl _ in the exam and punished by the school.一个男生和一个女生都被当场抓住作弊，并且受到了学校的惩罚2._ _， many animals died of starvation in search of the new land. (enough) 没有足够的食物吃，很多小动物为了寻找新的栖息地而饿死在途中

43、。 3.Your father is angry with you for _ (在外呆这么晚). (stay)4._ every day, it will become more and more important to have a good knowledge of English .(with)有这么多的人每天用英语交流，所以精通英语将会变得越来越重要。5.Her father wont marry her until the poor young _（decotate）女孩的父亲是不会让这个年轻人娶他女儿的，直到他请人装修好那个房子.6._, the young scientist

44、 still kept on making his experiments in chemistry.(fail) 尽管失败了好几次了，那个年轻的科学家仍然坚持在化学上的实验。湖北高考英语完成句子之非谓语动词1. We all know that television has so many advantages: it keeps us_ (了解最近的新闻), and also provides entertainment. (inform)2. I meant _ (拜访) you, but I was so busy. (call)3. Toms parents do not allow

45、 Tom _ (自已一个人去游泳). (go)4. Prices of daily goods _ (网上选购的) can be lower than store prices at the present. (buy)5. _ (被自然之美所吸引), the two girls from Paris decided to spend another two days on the farm. (attract)6. Peter could do nothing but _ (向妈妈承认) that he was wrong. (admit)7. Having a trip in the be

46、autiful city is certainly good for the old couple, but it remains _ (看) whether they will enjoy it. (see)8. Since telegrams are paid by the word and every word costs money, people always try _ (使用) as few words as possible. (use)9. _ (考虑到他还只是个小孩), we didnt punish him. (consider)10. I dont know wheth

47、er you happen _ (听说过) that Im going to study in England next month. (hear)11. Though _ (缺钱), he managed to build a new house. (lack)12. I dont believe what you have said. It is not like her, an excellent student, _ (考试作弊). (cheat)13. A great deal of work has been done _ (提高人民的生活水平). (improve)14. _ (

48、迷失在大山里) for a few days, the three boys were finally saved by the local farmers. (lose)15. The ending of the novel is that the millionaire died without anyone _ (知道) where the coins were hidden. (know)16. The agreements let governments trace the money _ (藏匿在国外的) and make it easier to punish officials

49、 who have fled overseas. (hide)17. Each day, about one hundred thousand cars cross the bridge, _ (带人们) to and from the big city. (take)18. Coins usually are made of many different kinds of metal _ (混合在一起). (mix) . 19. The most popular way _ (泡茶) in offices is to take a cup or a pot of hot wafer and

50、drop into it a cotton bag with tea. (make)20. It is a daily newspaper, _ (星期一到星期六出版) with a Sunday edition of Business Weekly each week. (come)（一）1.rising from the house 2.making it much easier for people to3.gathering around the fire 4.keep the traffic running smoothly.5.Not realizing that he was i

51、n great danger 6.Having waited for half an hour 7.covering the desert 8.Having been separated from 9.coming out10.Being exposed to（二）1. (that is )/(which is) well worth reading2. leading to cancer3. observing the sun4. Not having completed5. making it clear6. having worked7. Taking your health into consideration/Your health taken into consideration8. belonging to9. to be repaired10. had his pocket picked