初中英语语法介词用法讲解与练习

第 1 页 共 8 页 介介 词词 1 表示时间的介词 at in on before to from by till until after for since 等 2 表示地点 位置 方向的介词 next to in in front of on out of at above over into near between under up across by down from around behind beside 等 3 表示原因 理由的介词 for as at from 等 4 表示方式的介词 on in by with 等 常用介词辨析常用介词辨析 1 表示时间的表示时间的 in on at after 1 in 的用法 用于早晨 下午 傍晚 In the morning afternoon evening 用于月 年 季节等 In March in 1986 in spring 用于一段时间后 In a week in a year s time in two hours 2 on 的用法 用于具体某一天 On my birthday on the morning of next Friday on June 6 on Sunday on New Year s Day 用于描述性的时间 On a cold night on a winter day 3 at 的用法 用于具体的钟点 At 12 o clock at half nine 用于固定的搭配 At lunch at night at breakfast at noon at Christmas at weekends at that time 4 after 表示在一点时间以后 After twelve o clock 2 表示的地点的表示的地点的 in on at in 指大地方 at 是小地点 in 表示的是体 on 表示的是面 at 表示的是点 in 可指内部 on 可指 在 之上 There are six windows in the wall 墙上有 6 扇窗子 There are five pictures on the wall 墙上贴着 5 幅画 3 表示方位的表示方位的 on over under above below 1 on over above 指上方 under below 指下方 on 指物体接触 2 over 指正上方 above 指斜上方 under 指正下方 below 指斜下方 There will be two bridges over the river 河上将有两座桥 4 between among Between 指两者之间 among 指三者或三者以上 5 across over through Across 表示从这一边到另一边的横过 over 表示从空间通过 through 则表示从内部空间穿过 Can you swim across the lake 你能游泳过湖吗 6 with in by With 后跟工具 in 后跟语言 材料等 by 跟某种方式 I can write with a pen 我能用笔写 第 2 页 共 8 页 7 看似相同 但意义有别的词组 At school 在上学 At the school 在学校 In front of 在 前边 外部 In the front of 在 前部 内部 In class 在课上 In the class 在这个班 In bed 在睡觉 In the bed 在床上 In hospital 住院 In the hospital 在医院里 Go to school 去上学 Go to the school 去学校 用适当的介词填空 1 He knows everything the school 2 He usually goes out for a walk lunch 3 I have lunch half past eleven 4 Please look the blackboard 5 They work 8 00 16 00 5 When do they get up the morning 6 Will we go bus or foot 7 We have learned a lot you 7 The cup was broken her 8 Where are you I m Beijing 9 We are working the people 10 It is time breakfast 11 Class begins nine 12 We come different parts of America 13 She lives her father 14 She often gets up half past six the morning 15 We stay here six months 16 You are leaving Shanghai 17 He was born 1986 18 We usually have meetings Saturday afternoon 19 Beijing is the capital china 20 Have a cup coffee please 21 Xiao Li was born March25 1991 I 介词的种类介词的种类 1 简单介词 常用的有 at in on about across before beside for to without to by with of over behind up after against 等 2 复合介词 如 along with because of in front of instead of 等 3 介词和其他词类的习惯搭配关系 1 和动词的搭配 如 agree with ask for belong to keep away from care about 等 2 和形容词的搭配 如 afraid of angry with different from good at 3 和名词的搭配 如 answer to key to reason for visit to 等 第 3 页 共 8 页 介词后常跟人称代词的宾格和动词的介词后常跟人称代词的宾格和动词的ing形式形式 II 某些介词的意义与用法区别某些介词的意义与用法区别 1 at on in 表时间表时间 at 表示时间的一点 in 表示一个时期 on 表示特殊日子 A at后常接几点几分 天明 中午 日出 日落 开始等 如 后常接几点几分 天明 中午 日出 日落 开始等 如 at five o clock 五点 at daybreak 天亮 at noon 中午 at midnight 半夜 at the beginning of the month 月初 at that time 那时 at that moment 那会儿 at this time of day 在一天的这个时候 B in后常接年 月 日期 上午 下午 晚上 白天 季节 世纪等 如 后常接年 月 日期 上午 下午 晚上 白天 季节 世纪等 如 in 2006 2006 年 in May 2004 2004 年五月 in the morning 早晨 上午 in the afternoon 下午 in the evening 晚上 in the night 夜晚 in the daytime 白 天 in the 21st century 21 世纪 in three days weeks month 三天 周 个月 in a week 一周 in spring 春季 C on后跟某日 星期几 某日的朝夕 节日等后跟某日 星期几 某日的朝夕 节日等 即具体某一天极其早即具体某一天极其早 中 晚中 晚 on Sunday 星期日 on a warm morning in April 四月的一个温暖的上午 on a December night 12 月的一个夜晚 on that afternoon 那天下午 on the following night 下一个晚上 on Christmas afternoon 圣诞节下午 on October 1 1949 1949 年 10 月 1 日 on New Year s Day 特别提示特别提示 在在 last next this that some every 等词之前一律不用介词等词之前一律不用介词 2 between among 表位置表位置 在在 之间之间 A between 仅用于二者之间 但说三者或三者以上中的每两个之间的相互关系时 也可 用 between 如 I m sitting between Tom and Alice B among 用于三者或三者以上之间 如 He is the best among the students 3 beside besides except beside 意为 在 旁边 He sat beside me besides 意为 除 之外 包括在内 What do you want besides this except 意为 除 之外 不包括在内 They go to work in a week except Saturday 4 in the tree on the tree in the tree 指动物或人等外来的东西在树上 on the tree 指果实或叶子等树本身长出来的东西 5 on the way by the way in this way on the way 指在路上 on one s way to by the way 指顺便问一句 in this way 用这样的方法 in that way in other way in these ways 6 by bus on the bus by bus 是一般说法 固定搭配 on the bus 特指乘某一辆车 7 across through 和和 past 通过通过 经过经过 across 从表面经过 如 road bridge river 第 4 页 共 8 页 through 从内部空间经过 如 city woods forests window gate past 从旁边经过 EX Fill in the blanks with across or through 1 We have to walk the gate to go into the factory 2 When we went the cinema we saw a traffic accident 3 Look out the window please 4 Don t walk the ice It s dangerous 5 Suddenly a young man ran me 6 If you walk the square you will see the Sunflower Hotel 7 The river goes the city 8 The old man can swim the stream 9 I walked him without saying hello 10 The army moved the forests quietly 8 on above over 在在 上上 up A on 指在某物表面上 有接触点 a book on the table B over 指在某物垂直上方 无接触点 也可指覆盖在某物上 与 under 相对 a cloth over the table a fan over the table C above 指在某物的上方即可 不一定是垂直上方 反义词为 below The temperature today is above zero 今天气温零度以上 D up 表示在往上的方向 反义词 down look up to the sky 抬头看天空 11 in after 以后以后 A in 段时间 表示将来的一段时间以后 用在将来时态中 常回答 how soon 的提问 B after 段时间 表示过去的一段时间以后 相当于 一段时间 later My mother will come back in three or four days He arrived after five months He arrived five minutes later 12 by with in on 表示方式表示方式 手段手段 工具 工具 A by 以 方法 手段或泛指某种交通工具 或跟 V ing 形式 B with 表示用 工具 C in 表示用 方式 用 语言 语调 颜色 等 D on 表示通过媒介 on the telephone on the radio on TV Eg He learned Japanese by listening to the radio We Chinese have meals with chopsticks The novel is written in English Ex Fill in the blanks with by with or in on 1 I sent the message to him email 2 The pupils write pencils 3 Do you know the meaning of word Chinese 第 5 页 共 8 页 4 The man climbed up to the tree a ladder 5 They solved the problem communicating 6 The woman was crying a low voice 7 The old man often gets news the radio 8 We often cut things a knife 9 He improved his writing skill keeping diaries 10 My grandpa can sing some songs Russian 13 放在地点之前的介词放在地点之前的介词 at in on A at 1 表示在小地方 2 表示 在 附近 旁边 B in 1 表示 在大地方 2 表示 在 范围之内 C on 表示毗邻 接壤 D to 表示在 范围外 不强调是否接壤 III 介词的其他一些用法介词的其他一些用法 1 as 作为 English is used as a mother language 2 at 在 旁边 The boy is sitting at the door 3 but 除了 He has nothing but money 4 like 象 如同 He looks like my best friend 5 till until 直到 在 以前 We didn t go home till five yesterday 6 with 有 带着 I d like some coffee with sugar 7 by 在 附近 They live by a river 8 短语介词 thanks to because of in spite of instead of 一 选择最佳答案 表示时间关系的介词 1 The plane arrived at London airport Wednesday A on B at C in D for 2 What do you usually do Christmas A on B at C in D for 3 The first class begins 8 o clock the morning A at on B at in C on in D on on 4 last Saturday we had had two football matches with Class Two A For B C By D During 5 We will be in Nanjing Tuesday Thursday A on through B on to C from to D on till 6 Mr Black will visit our new school building two days A before B after C at D in 7 the end of last spring Wang Hai joined the army the end A At at B By in C In at D At in 8 We will have a football match this Saturday afternoon A on B C in D for 9 He came to see you the evening of May 10th 第 6 页 共 8 页 A in B at C on D for 10 I m afraid I gave you a lot of trouble my stay here A in B for C during D on 11 The supermarket is open midnight A at B on C till D 12 Days are longer summer than winter A in in B in on C from to D to in 19 New Year s eve people usually don t go to bed until midnight A At B On C For D In 20 Tom and Paul usually watch TV weekends A at B in C for D 21 Every day the old man takes these children home school A at B to C from D after 22 Could you come to my office the day after tomorrow A B on C in D at 23 We had built three bridges over the river the end of 1994 A at B on C for D by 24 Life will be better the 21st century A at B on C for D in 25 Do you often work late night A at B in C for D during 二 选择最佳答案 表示地点运动方向的介词 1 There is a bridge the river A under B over C on D next 2 There are many beautiful birds the tree A on B at C in D besides 3 My house is the two buildings so we get little sunshine during the day A between B among C in D at 4 Lucy is waiting No 3 bus stop her father A for for B for at C at for D at at 5 Is there anything interesting today s newspaper A in B on C at D 6 Can you tell me who spoke the meeting A at B along C in D for 7 My uncle lives 208 Smith Street A at B on C to D with 8 At last we reaches the village the hill A at the foot of B at foot C on foot of D in the foot from 9 Shanghai is the east of China and Japan is the east of China A to to B to in C in to D in in 10 the end of the street you can find the post office A By B At C On D In 第 7 页 共 8 页 11 Do you often listen the programmes the radio A to of B to in C to on D on to 12 Please wait the office Don t come in until you are called A in B into C inside D outside 13 Are you going to leave Guangzhou Beijing A for B to C from D in 14 There is a hole the wall A in B at C for D towards 15 Can you tell me the way Shanghai Zoo A to B at C for D towards 三 选择最佳答案 注意与一些动词搭配使用的介词 1 Thank you your coming A to B of C by D for 2 He spent a long time the maths problem A in B on C for D at 3 Mr Li is going to help him his Chinese this afternoon A with B on C by D at 4 How much did you pay this book A for B at C on D with 5 Please translate the sentence English A into B to C at D for 6 Please fill the bottle tea A by B with C for D in 7 The machines cut big pieces of metal small pieces A in B by C to D into 12 You can borrow the book your school library A from B to C for D at 13 I prefer coffee tea A over B to C for D than 14 Would you show me your factory A to B in C at D round 15 Help yourself some fish It tastes very nice A with B on C in D to 16 They haven t decided the date for the next meeting A for B by C in D on 17 Let me introduce her you A with B on C to D for 18 Li Ling fell his bicycle this morning A on B down C off D to 19 I shouted her but shi didn t hear me A to B at C on D for 20 Tom has made friends many Chinese students 第 8 页 共 8 页 A with B to C by D among 四 选择最佳答案 注意介词的习惯用法 1 Can you find out the answer these questions A of B for C to D with 2 his help I passed the English test yesterda