2019年高中英语Unit4EarthquakesSectionⅠWarmingUp.docx

Unit 4 EarthquakesNatural disasters are terrible events. They are difficult for adults and children. But adults should not be afraid to talk to children about natural disasters. Talking can not stop natural disasters from happening. But talking can help children feel safer and less afraid of the future. Here are five things adults can do when children show fear of natural disasters.First, adults should be willing to talk with children. When children are allowed to talk about their fears, they feel safer. Sometimes, the best thing an adult can do is just listen. Whatever the fear, it is important to listen and be patient with the child.Second, let children ask questions. When answering their questions, it is best to give short, honest answers. If you do not know the answer, you can be honest and say that you do not know.Third, it is important to wait until a child is ready to talk about a natural disaster. Adults should not force children to talk.Fourth, help children feel safe. There are many ways to do this. One way is very simple: adults can tell frightened children that they love them. It is also important for children to do the same things they do every day. Simple things like going to school and eating dinner can help children feel normal.Fifth, use activities to help children communicate their fears. Heshani was 13 when the Indian Ocean tsunami (海啸) ruined her house in Sri Lanka. One year later, she was still living under the shadow (阴影) of the natural disaster. She did not like to visit her ruined house. And she did not want to talk about the problems her family had. However, she loved to write. And she often shared her feelings about the tsunami in her poems. Writing poems was a way for her to share her fears since she did not like to talk about them.Section_Warming Up & Reading Prereading原文呈现 读文清障A NIGHT THE EARTH DIDNT SLEEPStrange things were happening in the countryside of northeast Hebei. For three days the water in the village wells rose and fell, rose and fell. Farmers noticed that the well walls had deep cracks in them. A smelly gas came out of the cracks. In the farmyards， the chickens and even the pigs were too nervous to eat. Mice ran out of the fields looking for places to hide. Fish jumped out of their bowls and ponds. At about 3：00 am on July 28, 1976, some people saw bright lights in the sky. The sound of planes could be heard outside the city of Tangshan even when no planes were in the sky. In the city, the water pipes in some buildings cracked and burst. But the one million people of the city, who thought little of these events， were asleep as usual that night.At 3：42 am everything began to shake. It seemed as if the world was at an end！ Eleven kilometres directly below the city one of the greatest earthquakes of the 20th century had begun. It was felt in Beijing, which is more than two hundred kilometres away. Onethird of the nation felt it. A huge crack that was eight kilometres long and thirty metres wide cut across houses, roads and canals. Steam burst from holes in the ground. Hard hills of rock became rivers of dirt. In fifteen terrible seconds a large city lay in ruins. The suffering of the people was extreme. Twothirds of them died or were injured during the earthquake. Thousands of families were killed and many children were left without parents. The number of people who were killed or seriously injured reached more than 400,000.well wel n井rise vi.上升；升高(不及物动词，不用于被动语态)crack krk n裂缝；噼啪声 vt.&vi.(使)开裂；破裂smelly smelI adj.发臭的；有臭味的farmyard fmjd n农场；农家too . to .太而不能现在分词短语作伴随状语。when引导时间状语从句，even用在when前起加强语气的作用。pipe paIp n管；导管burst bst vi.爆裂；爆发 n突然破裂；爆发million mIljn n百万who thought little of these events是who引导的非限制性定语从句，修饰people。think little of 几乎不考虑；对不重视，忽视event Ivent n事件；大事as if 仿佛；好像在It seems/seemed as if .中as if引导表语从句。at an end结束；终结directly adv.径直；直接which引导的非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词Beijing。nation neIn n民族；国家；国民that was eight .是that引导的定语从句，修饰crack, that在从句中作主语，不可省略。cut across横切；穿过；抄近路canal knl n运河；水道steam stim n蒸汽；水汽dirt dt n污垢；泥土in ruins严重受损；破败不堪ruin ru In n废墟；毁灭(当“废墟”讲时常用复数)vt.毁灭；使破产suffering sfrI n苦难；痛苦extreme Ikstrim adj.极度的twothirds三分之二当分数的分子大于1时，分母用复数形式。injure Ind vt.损害；伤害“the number of复数名词”作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。“a number of复数名词”作主语时，谓语动词用复数形式。地球的一个不眠之夜第12段译文河北省东北部的农村不断有些怪事发生：三天来，村子里的井水升升降降，起起伏伏。农民们注意到，水井的井壁上有深深的裂缝，裂缝里冒出臭气。农家大院里的鸡，甚至猪都紧张得不吃食。老鼠从田地里跑出来找地方藏身。鱼缸和池塘里的鱼会往外跳。在1976年7月28日凌晨3点左右，有些人看到天上一道道明亮的光。即使天空中没有飞机，在唐山城外也可以听到飞机声。在市内，有些建筑物里的水管出现裂缝并爆裂开来。但是，唐山市的100万居民几乎都没有把这些情况当回事，当天晚上照常睡着了。在凌晨3点42分，一切都开始摇晃起来。仿佛到了世界末日！20世纪最大的地震之一就在唐山市正下方11千米处发生了。200千米以外的北京都感到了地震，全国三分之一的地方都有震感。一条8千米长30米宽的巨大裂缝横穿房舍、马路和渠道。地上一些洞穴冒出了蒸汽。石头山变成了泥沙河。在可怕的15秒内，一座大城市成为了废墟。人们遭受的灾难极为深重。他们当中三分之二的人在地震中死去或受伤。成千上万个家庭遇难，许多孩子变成了孤儿。死亡和重伤的人数达到40多万。But how could the survivors believe it was natural? Everywhere they looked nearly everything was destroyed. All of the citys hospitals, 75% of its factories and buildings and 90% of its homes were gone. Bricks covered the ground like red autumn leaves. No wind, however, could blow them away. Two dams fell and most of the bridges also fell or were not safe for travelling. The railway tracks were now useless pieces of steel. Tens of thousands of cows would never give milk again. Half a million pigs and millions of chickens were dead. Sand now filled the wells instead of water. People were shocked. Then, later that afternoon, another big quake which was almost as strong as the first one shook Tangshan. Some of the rescue workers and doctors were trapped under the ruins. More buildings fell down. Water, food, and electricity were hard to get. People began to wonder how long the disaster would last.All hope was not lost. Soon after the quakes, the army sent 150,000 soldiers to Tangshan to help the rescue workers. Hundreds of thousands of people were helped. The army organized teams to dig out those who were trapped and to bury the dead. To the north of the city, most of the 10,000 miners were rescued from the coal mines there. Workers built shelters for survivors whose homes had been destroyed. Fresh water was taken to the city by train, truck and plane. Slowly, the city began to breathe again.survivor svaIv n幸存者；生还者；残存物nearly adv.几乎；接近；差不多not nearly 意为“远未；远远不是”。destroy dIstrI vt.破坏；毁坏；消灭gone adj.消失的(仅作表语)brick brIk n砖；砖块cover vt.覆盖；报道；走过(距离)dam dm n水坝；堰堤track trk n轨道；足迹；痕迹useless juslIs adj.无用的；无效的；无益的tens of thousands of数以万计的shock k vt.&vi.(使)震惊；震动 n休克；打击；震惊quake kweIk n地震；震动which引导定语从句，修饰quake。rescue reskju n& vt.援救；营救trap trp vt.使陷入困境 n陷阱；困境be trapped in (be caught in)被困在中electricity IlektrIstI n电；电流；电学wonder vt.疑惑；想知道 n奇观；惊奇disaster dIzst n灾难；灾祸All . not .相当于Not all .，表示部分否定，意为“并非所有的都”。dig out掘出；发现bury berI vt.埋葬；掩埋；隐藏to the north of .相当于north of .，意为“在的北面”，表示不接壤。miner maIn n矿工be rescued from被从中解救出，其主动形式为rescue sb. from“把某人从中解救出”。mine maIn n矿；矿山；矿井shelter elt n掩蔽；掩蔽处；避身处whose homes had been destroyed是whose引导的定语从句，whose在从句中作homes的定语。第34段译文但幸存的人们又怎么能相信这是自然现象呢？人们无论朝哪里看，哪里的一切都几乎被毁了。这座城市内所有的医院、75%的工厂和建筑物、90%的家园都消失了。残砖就像秋天的红叶覆盖着大地，然而它们是不可能被风刮走的。两座大坝垮了，多数桥梁不是塌了就是无法安全通行了。铁轨如今成了一条条废钢。好几万头牛再也挤不出牛奶来。50万头猪和几百万只鸡全都死了。井里满是沙子，而不是水。人们惊呆了。接着，在下午晚些时候，又一次几乎和第一次一样强烈的地震震撼着唐山。有些救援人员和医生被困在废墟下面。更多的房屋倒塌了。水、食物和电都很难弄到。人们开始纳闷，这场灾难还会持续多久。并不是所有的希望都破灭了。地震后不久，部队派了15万名战士到唐山来协助救援人员，数十万的人得到了救助。解放军组成小分队，将受困的人们挖出来，将死者掩埋。在唐山市的北边，有一个有着万名矿工的煤矿，其中多数人得救了。救援人员为那些家园被毁的幸存者们盖起了避难所，用火车、卡车和飞机向市内运来了淡水。慢慢地，这座城市又开始出现了生机。PrereadingPlease match the words with their proper meanings.1burstAvi.爆裂；爆发 n突然破裂；爆发2ruin Bvt.破坏；毁坏；消灭3injure Cvt.埋葬；掩埋；隐藏4destroy Dn.废墟；毁灭vt.使破产；毁灭5shock Evt.损害；伤害6rescue Fvt.& vi.(使)震惊；震动n休克；打击；震惊7trap Gvt.使陷入困境n.陷阱；困境8bury Hn.灾难；灾祸9disaster In.& vt.援救；营救10electricity Jn.电；电流；电学15_610_答案：15ADEBF610IGCHJLeadinWhat might happen to a place when there is an earthquake? Look at the following pictures and then fill in the blanks.The water in the wells and . And some deep could be seen in the well walls. A gas came out of the cracks.The chickens， the dogs and even the pigs were too to eat.Mice ran out of the fields places to hide. Fish out of their bowls and ponds.People could see lights in the sky.答案：Picture A：rose; fell; cracks; smellyPicture B：nervousPicture C：looking for; jumpedPicture D：brightWhilereadingFastreadingSkim the text and choose the best answers.1Whats the main idea of the text?AA terrible earthquake of Tangshan.BBefore the earthquake of Tangshan.CDuring the earthquake of Tangshan.DDamages of the earthquake of Tangshan.答案：A2Find out the main idea of each paragraph.Para. 1AThe earthquake caused unbelievable destruction to Tangshan.Para. 2 BThe earthquake happened and caused deaths or injuries in Tangshan.Para. 3 CHelp came soon after the quakes.Para. 4 DNo one paid attention though strange things happened.Para. 1_D_Para. 2_B_Para. 3_A_Para. 4_C_CarefulreadingRead the reading passage carefully and choose the best answers according to the text.1The first sentence in Paragraph 1 implies that _.Athe survivors didnt think too much of itBthe survivors were made to lose their sense by the sudden big earthquakeC.the survivors didnt realize a terrible earthquake happened in such a short timeDthe survivors didnt think an earthquake could bring such great damage2How many signs are given that suggest an earthquake would happen in the first paragraph?AFive.BNine.CTwelve. DSeven.3The second and third paragraphs are mainly about _.Athe great loss the earthquake brought to TangshanBthe number of people who were killed or injuredCwhen and where an earthquake happenedDthe cause of the big earthquake in Tangshan4Whats the meaning of the last sentence “Slowly, the city began to breathe again.”？APeople werent sad any more.BThe life in Tangshan began to return to normal.CThe earthquake finally came to an end.DThose who were trapped were saved.答案：14CBABStudyreadingAnalyze the following sentences in the text that may be difficult to understand.1But the one million people of the city, who thought little of these events, were asleep as usual that night.句式分析尝试翻译但是，唐山市的100万居民几乎都没有把这些情况当一回事，当天晚上照常睡着了。2The army organized teams to dig out those who were trapped and to bury the dead.句式分析尝试翻译解放军组成小分队，将受困的人们挖出来，将死者掩埋。.阅读理解AIf the crust (外壳) of the earth were not pretty solid (坚固的), it would be shaking about and moving up and down frequently (频繁地). However, there are places in the rocks of the earths crust where it isnt strongly held together where faults exist.Along the faults, one rock might push against another with great force.The energy is changed to vibration in the rocks, so they begin to shake and we have an earthquake!The most famous one in North America was the San Francisco earthquake of 1906. Seven hundred people died and property (财产) damage amounted to about $425,000,000.The greatest destruction came from the fires that followed the quake.One of the most famous earthquakes in Europe took place in Lisbon, Portugal, in 1755. The city was destroyed and at least thirty thousand people were killed. In 1908, in Calabria and Sicily, a quake killed about seventyfive thousand people. In 1915，in central Italy, hundreds of towns and villages were damaged and thirty thousand people were killed.Two great earthquakes that caused great damage in Asia took place in Tokyo, Japan, and in Gansu Province in China. The Tokyo quake of 1923 killed more than one hundred thousand people and destroyed the city and the city of Yokohama, too. The Chinese quake in 1920 covered more than three hundred square miles and killed about two hundred thousand people.语篇解读：本文介绍了地震起因及历史上几次大地震。1The underlined word “vibration” in the first paragraph probably means “_”AshakingBforceCenergy Dlosing解析：选A词义猜测题。一块岩石有可能用力挤压另一块岩石，地壳的能量发生了改变导致岩石晃动，于是地震发生了。vibration意为“晃动”，故A项正确。2Which of the following is the correct order of the years when the earthquakes happened?the San Francisco earthquakethe earthquake in Lisbon, Portugalthe earthquake in Calabria and Sicilythe earthquake in central Italythe earthquake in Gansu Provincethe Tokyo quakeA BC D解析：选C细节排序题。由文章地震发生的时间顺序可知C项正确。3According to the passage, the earthquake that killed the most people happened in_.APortugal BItalyCJapan DChina解析：选D细节理解题。由地震伤亡数字可知，1920年在中国发生的地震伤亡人数最多。4We can infer from the passage that_.Athe earths crust in Europe is weaker than that in other placesBthe fires following the San Francisco earthquake caused more damage than the earthquake didCthere were 75,000 people killed in the San Francisco earthquakeDthe city of Yokohama was not greatly influenced by the Tokyo quake解析：选B推理判断题。由第二段“The greatest destruction came from the fires that followed the quake.”可知B项正确。BHaving lived in California until 1970, my family has felt a number of earthquakes. We have been fortunate, however, to have suffered no bodily harm or property damage.There is a website that lists all California earthquakes recorded from 1769 to the present. The site lists the dates and times as well as the magnitude (震级) and the exact location of any quake that measured more than 6.0. There are only a few quakes that stand out in my memory and, luckily, none is shown in the website. So, my personal experience with earthquakes might be considered insignificant.There are three earthquakes that are difficult to forget. The first one was in 1955 and our oldest daughter was walking with me in our backyard in Redwood City in California. As the shaking became stronger I held her to me with one arm as I held on to one of our fruit trees with the other. All three of us (my daughter, I and the tree) shook for two or three minutes that to us felt like hours.The second one was in 1963. Our entire family was visiting Disneyland in Southern California. The earth started to shake just as we were beginning to walk from our hotel toward the_famous_landmark.My third experience with an earthquake was a lonely one in California. It was in my sixties and I was alone in an old church. As the building started to shake, I quickly headed for the door to go outside. I remember I said a little prayer something like, “Help me get out of here in time, Dear Heavenly Father”. Minutes later, I was safe outside.语篇解读：本文为记叙文，作者回忆了自己经历的三次地震。5The author writes the passage mainly to tell us about _.Aa new film about an earthquakeBhow to survive an earthquakeChis three earthquake experiencesDhow to save children in an earthquake解析：选C写作意图题。作者主要是向读者介绍了自己经历的三次地震。6The earthquakes the author has experienced _.Aall caused bodily harmBare all recorded in a websiteCall measured more than 6.0Dall happened in California解析：选D细节理解题。根据第三段的“The first one was in 1955 . in California.”和第四段第二句以及第五段的“My third experience with an earthquake was a lonely one in California.”可知答案。7When the first earthquake happened, the author _.Awas staying with his daughterBwas planting fruit treesCheld on to a tree for hoursDwas in a hotel解析：选A细节理解题。根据第三段的“All three of us (my daughter, I and the tree) shook for two or three minutes”可知作者和他的女儿共同经历了这场地震。8What does the underlined part “the famous landmark” refer to?AA church.BDisneyland.CA building destroyed by an earthquake.DThe place where the author was born.解析：选B推理判断题。根据第四段的“Our entire family was visiting Disneyland”可知答案。CThese people are studying English. However, they are now facing some problems.I am Pablo. I work 50 hours a week as a taxi driver, so I talk to people all day. They understand me, but I know I make a lot of mistakes. No one corrects me. My vocabulary is strong. Grammar is my problem. Im trying to change little by little. For example, I dont use the past tense (时态). I always say, “I drive him to the office this morning” instead of “I drove him to the office this morning”.My name is Maria Luisa. Im teaching myself English, and Im good at grammar. However, its really difficult to find ways to practice English. I live in an area where everyone speaks my language. My neighbors and friends speak Spanish. I can speak Spanish in the supermarket and at the post office.I am Li Ping. I understand the grammar and the readings in my class and I think my writing is good, but Im very nervous when I speak English. I dont want to make any mistakes because Im afraid people will think that Im stupid. Also, my pronunciation isnt good. When I speak, people often say, “What? Say that again”I am Yoshi. I have been in the United States for one year. Im studying hard and I know grammar well, but the vocabulary is very difficult. When I listen, I dont understand many of the words. When I try to read, there are three or four new words in every sentence. I feel discouraged.语篇解读：本文是应用文。文章主要介绍了几位英语学习者遇到的一些问题。9Who may say, “I go to bed late last night”？APablo.BMaria Luisa.CLi Ping. DYoshi.解析：选A推理判断题。由第二段中的“I dont use the past tense.”及其后的例子可知，因为这句话中的时态不对，所以有可能是Pablo所说，故选A项。10What would be the best advice for Maria Luisa?ATry to have a wide vocabulary.BDevelop a good knowledge of grammar.CRead as many English books as possible.DMake friends with Englishspeaking people.解析：选D推理判断题。由第三段内容可知Maria Luisa没有讲英语的环境，所以最好的建议应该是和讲英语的人交朋友，