细胞器英文版.ppt

1、27 Aug. 2012,Organelles.ppt,1,Cytoplasmic Organelles,Organized units of the cytoplasm,27 Aug. 2012,Organelles.ppt,2,Cytoplasmic Organelles,Mitochondrion (-a) Ribosomes Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) Golgi apparatus Lysosomes,Peroxisomes Cytoskeleton Centrioles Secretory vesicles Cilium, cilia Nucleus,27

2、 Aug. 2012,Organelles.ppt,3,Mitochondrion,Generates most ATP power plant of the cell Double membrane outer smooth, sausage-shaped inner folded with enzymes Contains own DNA, probably evolved from symbiotic bacteria,27 Aug. 2012,Organelles.ppt,4,Endoplasmic reticulum (ER),Network of membranes enclosi

3、ng spaces (cisternae) separate from rest of cytosol.,27 Aug. 2012,Organelles.ppt,5,Endoplasmic reticulum (ER),Rough ER Associated with ribosomes Production of proteins for membranes or export (exocytosis, secretion).,27 Aug. 2012,Organelles.ppt,6,Endoplasmic reticulum (ER),Smooth ER NO ribosomes, me

4、mbranes with integral proteins, Lipid metabolism & synthesis including steroid hormones, Absorption & transport of fats, Enzymatic detoxification of drugs, pesticides, etc. (natural & artificial), Hydrolysis of stored glycogen to glucose, Storage of Ca+2 ions in muscle cells.,27 Aug. 2012,Organelles

5、.ppt,7,Ribosomes,Very tiny invisible under light microscope Dense specks of ribosomal RNA Free in cytoplasm or membrane-bound (ER),27 Aug. 2012,Organelles.ppt,8,Ribosomes,Sites of protein synthesis mRNA specifies sequence of amino acids some proteins packaged in vesicles by ER,27 Aug. 2012,Organelle

6、s.ppt,9,Golgi apparatus,Series of flat membranous sacs Modifies, concentrates, & packages proteins for secretion, exocytosis Movement to plasma membrane Production of lysosomes.,27 Aug. 2012,Organelles.ppt,10,Lysosomes,Membranous bags of digesting enzymes, Destroy particles taken in by endocytosis a

7、nd phagocytosis Remove and destroy worn out organelles Removal of excess cells & tissues cell suicide Removal of bone matrix to release Ca+2,27 Aug. 2012,Organelles.ppt,11,Peroxisomes,Resemble lysosomes, but not from Golgi apparatus Enzymes oxidize toxins and remove free-radicals.,27 Aug. 2012,Organ

8、elles.ppt,12,Cytoskeleton,Protein rods, filaments, and tubes running through cytosol Maintain or change shape of cell Move organelles,27 Aug. 2012,Organelles.ppt,13,Centrioles,Clusters of microtubules, usually paired near nucleus Organize mitotic spindle Bases (“motors”) of cilia and flagella,27 Aug

9、. 2012,Organelles.ppt,14,Secretory vesicles,Packages of chemicals for export (exocytosis) hormones digestive enzymes sweat mucus,27 Aug. 2012,Organelles.ppt,15,Cilium, cilia,Short whip-like “appendage” move material past cell linings of trachea & bronchi similar to flagellum (longer) on sperm cell,27 Aug. 2012,Organelles.ppt,16,Nucleu