《基础英语》PPT课件

1、基础英语,基础英语课程一览表,Passage I Are You Really Being Invited,Unit One,Related Information,Intensive Study,Practice,The customs of inviting friends vary from country to country. Generally speaking, on formal occasions, the invitation is usually made well in advance. But as for some informal cases, the invit

2、ation is usually made orally. To either of these two invitations, the person being invited should give a clear reply whether the invitation is accepted or not.,Text-related information,Text,Intensive Study,Difficult Sentences,Important Words,Intensive Study,Are You Really Being Invited?,Para. 1 If s

3、omeone asks if you are free at a certain time and invites you to an event, you are not required to commit yourself until you know what the invitation is for. For example, if you say that youre free and the invitation turns out to be something youd hate to do (a trip to a local sight youve seen ten t

4、imes), then you will be in a position to take back your acceptance or invent an excuse later.,If this happens, tell the person who invites you that you have to check and that youll tell him or her later. If an invitation must be refused, most people expect a reason. The following sequence would be a

5、ppropriate: apology, reason for refusal, thanks for the invitation.,Intensive Study,Intensive Study,Para. 2 When someone asks you to his or her home, it is very clear who is the guest and who is the host, but invitations to restaurants for lunch, dinner, coffee, a drink, etc., sometimes present prob

6、lems, and the customs vary in different parts of the United States.,Intensive Study,Para. 3 In many instances it is the inviter who pays, as one would expect, but in some instances each one pays his or her own check: You “go Dutch.” This is often the case with friends in informal situations, such as

7、 “Lets go and get a beer” or “Want a cup of coffee?” In some parts of the country, however, some people like to entertain friends by taking them to a restaurant for dinner instead of having dinner at home.,In this case the host expects to pay and the guest may offer to leave the tip, which may be de

8、clined by the host. (If so, just let the matter drop.) If the invitation is expressed in fairly casual terms, such as “Lets go to (name of a restaurant) for dinner,” it may be more of a suggestion than an invitation, so you should be prepared to pay your part of the bill.,Intensive Study,Para. 4 If

9、you want to invite someone for a meal at a restaurant, be explicit: “Id like to take you to”Americans should be explicit also, but they often assume you know the local customs in the matter. Ask a friends advice if you are not sure.,Intensive Study,Para. 5 There are also phrases that sound like invi

10、tations but in fact are not. People may say things like: “Well have to get together sometime”or “Youll have to come over and visit us sometime.” You can identify such non-invitations by their generality there is no specific time mentioned, and the word “sometime” is often used. They are often ritual

11、 expressions of parting. On these occasions you could respond: “Yes, that would be nice,” or “Id love to”, or something similar, and then let the subject drop. If they do not call you, you could always invite them for some occasion.,Intensive Study,Difficult Sentences,1. (Para. 1) ., you are not req

12、uired to commit yourself until you know what the invitation is for.,Example: Once he starts a job he wont stop until its finished. Dont move until I tell you.,the sentence pattern not. until. means not before a particular time or event.,在你尚未弄清楚邀请的具体内容之前，你没有必要答应一定参加。,Difficult Sentences,2. For exampl

13、e, if you say that youre free and the invitation turns out to be something youd hate to do, then youll be in a position to take back your acceptance or invent an excuse later.,Example: If you list a few priorities, then you will be in a position to do things in the right order of priority.,a relativ

14、e clause used to modify something,Be in a position can take either an infinitive clause or an of-V-ing phrase, thus be in a position of having to take back. can be also rewritten as be in a position to take back .,比如说，如果你说有空，而邀请参加的却是你不愿意做的事 (到你已经去过10次的当地景点旅游), 那么你就可以回绝邀请，或者以后再编一个借口。,This emphatic se

15、ntence takes the structure of “it is.who/that”,Difficult Sentences,(Para. 3) In many instances it is the inviter who pays.,Example: It was my uncle who sent me the parcel.,在许多情况下，应由邀请人付账单。,Difficult Sentences,4. (Para. 3) .it may be more of a suggestion than an invitation.,Example:Shes more of a poe

16、t than a musician.,the pattern, it is more of .than . (与其说不如说).,这样说更像是建议，而不是邀请,Important Words,mit v. entrust, hand over, make oneself responsible 使承担（保证），使作出保证；把交托给,I think I can come tonight but I wont commit myself till I know for sure. If you want to be an actor you have to really commit yoursel

17、f to it. The government claimed to commit itself to improving health care. The president said that once he had committed to this course of action there was no going back.,FOR EXAMPLE,Important Words,2. invent v. discover and create something new 发明，设计， 编造,The first safety razor was invented by the c

18、ompany founder King C. Gillette in 1903. The fax is arguably the most useful machine to have been invented since the telephone. Over the past quarter century our advertising company has invented thousands of catchphrases. I didnt invent the story . Everything I told you is true.,FOR EXAMPLE,Importan

19、t Words,3. appropriate a. proper, suitable 合适的，恰当的,I didnt think his comments were very appropriate at the time. Ive been invited to her wedding but I havent got anything appropriate to wear. Her thin shoes werent appropriate for such muddy paths. Her remarks were considerate and very appropriate to

20、 the situation. This isnt an appropriate occasion to discuss finance.,FOR EXAMPLE,Important Words,4. instance n. certain situation, circumstance or occasion, case or example 情况，情形，事例,FOR EXAMPLE,There have been several recent instances of planes taking off without adequate safety checks. I dont usua

21、lly side with the management, but in this instance I agree with what theyre saying. In the local industry, for instance, 5 000 jobs are being lost.,Important Words,5. casual a. informal, not very serious 随便的，随意的， 非正式的,It was just a casual comment, I didnt mean it to be taken so seriously. The new la

22、w is intended to deter the casual user of drugs. For some people casual clothes mean a shapeless T-shirt and old jeans. Security around the conference hotel seemed almost casual. Are you employed permanently or on a casual basis?,FOR EXAMPLE,Important Words,explicit a. clear, definite 清楚的，直率的,Sheila

23、 shouldnt get lost because I gave her very explicit directions how to get there. She was very explicit about what she thought was wrong with the plans.,FOR EXAMPLE,Important Words,drop v. fall down, give up, lower 滴，落，下降，变弱， 中断,FOR EXAMPLE,The book dropped from the shelf. She dropped the tray with a

24、 crash. Drop your voices shes in the next room! The temperature drops at night. Prices have dropped since there has been more competition between suppliers. Can you drop what youre doing and help me with this report? I dont want to talk about it any more lets drop the subject.,1 Answer the following

25、 questions according to the text.,Read and Think,What should you do if someone only invites you, but doesnt say what the invitation is for?,You should not feel committed until you know what the invitation is for.,Read and Think,What is the proper sequence for refusing an invitation?,It is: apology,

26、reason for refusal, thanks for the invitation.,What does “go Dutch”mean?,It means each pays ones own check when eating in a restaurant.,Read and Think,4 What is the key word in the expressions that sounds like invitations but actually is not?,The word “sometime”.,Passage I Online Growth Continued,Un

27、it Two,Related Information Intensive Study Practice,Ways for Internet Connection: There are several ways for Internet connection. One common way is dial-up connection. For dial-up connection, you need a computer, a modem, and a telephone line.,Text-related Information,ISP is the abbreviation of Inte

28、rnet Service Provider. It provides services for Internet users to get connected with the Internet. Before getting connected with the Internet, an Internet user must apply for an account and a password from an ISP. He or she should also get its dial-up number, the addresses of its domain name and of

29、the mail server.,Text-related Information,Now you can turn on your computer, start the dial-up program and get connected with the Internet. Then you can use the browser to enjoy the world of Internet. You can also send or receive emails with the help of the emails. People can do a lot of things by b

30、rowsing Internet, such as sharing information, transacting business and communicating with people across the globe.,Text-related Information,Text,Difficult Sentences,Important Words,Intensive Study,Online Growth Continued,Para. 1 In just five years, the World Wide Web has become a powerful new mediu

31、m for sharing information, conducting business and communicating with people across the room or across the world. Para. 2 Every day, about 55 million Americans log onto the Internet to use email, receive news and information, or conduct business.,Text,Para. 3 American Online Inc. (AOI) now claims mo

32、re than 22 million members, up from 2 million in 1995. And the number of items listed for sale on e-Bay, an auction site, increased greatly from 443 000 in early 1997 to more than 53 million in the first quarter of this year. Para. 4 The online world is increasingly merging with the “real” world, in

33、fluencing nearly every side of life.,Text,Para. 5 Email allows families and friends around the world to communicate at a low price and more frequently. Para. 6 The Internets ability to provide a constant flow of news and information has sped up an already fast pace for most Americans. It also allows

34、 them the freedom to shop and conduct other business at their own convenience. Para. 7 These benefits, however, have not come without a price. Wired life has also brought about growing concern regarding privacy and protection of identities online.,Text,Para. 8 And as with most innovations, those who

35、 have less money and receive less education in American society have had much less access to the Web and its respective benefits, creating what some call a “digital divide”. Para. 9 In spite of these issues, the rate of online growth does not appear to be slowing down at any time soon. Para. 10 What

36、s fueling the online rush? Para. 11 Jonathan Palmer, an Internet expert from the University of Maryland, said America Online Inc. has been a large factor in Internet growth.,Text,Para. 12 The companys “ability to bring together access, content and selling in a fairly user-friendly package has certai

37、nly sped up growth,” Palmer said. Para. 13 Another factor is that links to the Internet are steadily improving, with broadband links such as digital subscriber lines (DSL) and cable modems providing speeds unimaginable in the past. Para. 14 This new technology, originally used by offices and larger

38、organizations, is rapidly becoming more available to US customers (顾客) in their own homes.,Text,Difficult Sentences,1.In just five years, the World Wide Web has become a powerful new medium for sharing information, conducting business and communicating with people across the room or across the World

39、. ( Para. 1) Analysis: In just five years implies in the five years just past, and the main verb of the sentence usually takes present perfect tense. Across the room and across the world are given here to indicate the wide range of use of the Internet.,Translation: 在仅仅5年的时间里，全球范围网已经成为一种新媒体，使人们能够从小到房

40、间内大到全球范围分享信息、处理业务并相互流。 Example: In just ten years, the video phone has become a powerful medium for sharing information and communicating with people.,Difficult Sentences,2. And the number of items listed for sale on e-Bay, an auction site, increased greatly from 443 000 in early 1997 to more than 5

41、3 million in the first quarter of this year. (Para. 3) Analysis: The S-V structure of the sentence is the number . increased, with listed for sale on e-Bay being the post-modifier of the number of items and an auction site as the apposition of e-Bay.,Difficult Sentences,Translation: 在电子港湾（一个拍卖网址）上所列

42、出拍卖的物品数量从1997年初的44万项猛增到今年第一个季度的5 300万项。 Example: The number of items listed for sale on A, an Internet shopping site, soared from 333 000 in early 1996 to over 40 million this year.,Difficult Sentences,3.These benefits, however, have not come without a price. (Para. 7) Analysis: Here not.without is

43、a double negative structure. Translation: 然而，因特网给人们带来的这些好处也让人们付出了代价。 Example: Thank you so much for your help - I couldnt have done it without you.,Difficult Sentences,Wired life has also brought about growing concern about privacy and protection of identities online. (Para. 7) Analysis: Regarding m

44、eans about. Translation: 在线生活也使人们越来越关注网上隐私和身份保护。 Example: The company is being questioned regarding its employment policy.,Difficult Sentences,5. And as with most innovations, those who have less money and receive less education in American society have had much less access to the Web and its respec

45、tive benefits, creating what some call a “digital divide.” (Para. 8) Analysis: As with means in the same way as; have access to means have the possibility of approaching, have the right to use or look at; creating is used as an accompanying adverbial; what some call. is an object clause.,Difficult S

46、entences,Translation: 而且像大多数新事物一样,美国社会中那些不太富有和教育水平不高的人上网并 分享其各种好处的机会要少得多, 从而创造了有些人所说的“数字分界”。 Example: As with his early movies, the special effects in his latest film are brilliant. The tax inspector had complete access to the company files.,Difficult Sentences,6. Another factor is that links to the

47、 Internet are steadily improving, with broadband links such as digital subscriber lines (DSL) and cable modems providing speeds unimaginable in the past. (Para. 13) Analysis: With . links providing speed. is the S-V participle clause introduced by with-the actual logical subject is broadband connect

48、ions and the predicate providing; Unimaginable is the post-modifier of speeds.,Difficult Sentences,Translation: 另外的一个因素是与因特网的连接正在逐步改善, 利用像数字订户线路以及电 缆调制解调器等宽带连接提供了以前难以想象的高速度。 Example: The day was bright, with a fresh breeze blowing. Using computer graphics, you can create anything unimaginable.,Diffi

49、cult Sentences,Important Words,share v. divide and distribute 分享，公用 FOR EXAMPLE: The four students share one bedroom in the dorm. The kitchen is shared by the two. He hated to share the computer with another student.,conduct v. handle, undertake, transact, guide 实施，处理，进行，引导，传导 FOR EXAMPLE: We are co

50、nducting a survey to find out what our customers think of their local bus service. The experiments were conducted by scientists in New York. May I conduct you to your table, Sir, or would you prefer to have a drink at the bar first? The way you choose to conduct your private life is your own busines

51、s! Copper conducts electricity but plastic does not.,list v. write down a number of names, items, things, etc. 列出单子 FOR EXAMPLE: The professor listed all the books for us to read during the winter vacation. My mother always lists the things she needs to buy before going to the market. I have to list

52、 all the students names on my notebook.,merge v. (of business companies) cause to become one 合并, 并入, 结合, 吞没, 融合 FOR EXAMPLE: They decided to merge the two companies into one. The countrys two biggest banks are planning to merge in order to fight off competition for abroad.,constant a. going on all t

53、he time, frequently 不变的, 持续的, 坚决的 FOR EXAMPLE: We kept a fairly constant speed during all the race. The fridge keeps food at a constant temperature. Ive had this constant headache ever since I woke up this morning. Hes in constant trouble with the police.,speed up v. increase the rate of motion 加速 F

54、OR EXAMPLE: We have succeeded in speeding up our production rates in the last few months. This drug may have the effect of speeding up your heart rate. The economy shows signs of speeding up. The tape speeded up towards the end.,respective a. belonging to each of those in question 分别的, 各自的 FOR EXAMP

55、LE: When the meeting had finished, they returned to their respective homes. The work was assigned to them according to their respective abilities.,rate n. the speed at which something happens or is done 速度 FOR EXAMPLE: Individual children develop physically and emotionally at different rates. The am

56、ount of light available will determine the plants rate of growth.,fuel v. supply with material for producing heat or energy 加燃料,加油，增加，加速 FOR EXAMPLE: Our heating system is fuelled by gas. The prime ministers speech fuelled speculation that she is about to resign. The rapid promotion of the directors

57、on has itself fuelled resentment within the company.,Answer the following questions according to the passage.,Read and Think,1What can the World Wide Web do as a powerful medium?,It can share information, conduct business and communicate with people.,Answer the following questions according to the p

58、assage.,Read and Think,2How many Americans log onto the Internet every day according to the passage?,About 55 million Americans.,3What is the e-Bay?,It is an auction site.,Answer the following questions according to the passage.,Read and Think,4What are the advantages of e-mail?,It allows families a

59、nd friends to communicate at a low price and more frequently.,Passage I For Conversation Press # 1,Unit Three,Related Information Intensive Study,Practice,Related Information,A cell phone is a small telephone you can carry with you that operates through networks of radio antennas or space satellites. Other expressions of a cell phone: a. a cellular p