版权说明:本文档由用户提供并上传,收益归属内容提供方,若内容存在侵权,请进行举报或认领
文档简介
1、英语简单句五种基本句型,句子成分,主语(subject):一句话的中心 My sister is a nurse. Her room is on the second floor. 谓语(predicate):是主语的主要情况,可表示动作、状态 She works in a hospital. She knows a little English. 宾语(object):表示动作的承受者或动作的结果 Everybody knows her. She is writing a letter now. 表语(predicative):和系动词一起构成谓语 She is a kind girl.,定
2、语(attribute):修饰名词、代词等 Her hospital isnt very big. But everyone in the hospital works hard. 状语(adverbial):修饰动词、形容词或副词 She goes to work very early. She feels very happy.,句子可以由主语,谓语动词,表语,宾语,定语,状语,直接和间接宾语,宾语补足语组成归纳成五种基本句型及其扩大、组合、省略或倒装。掌握这五种基本句型,是掌握各种英语句子结构的基础。,基本句型一: + (主谓/不及物动词) Everybody smiled. The s
3、un is rising. 基本句型二: + + (主谓/及物动词宾) He knows everything. I like her. 基本句型三: + + (主谓/系动词表) The boy looks healthy. 基本句型四: + +InO +D(主谓/双宾动词间宾直宾) I showed him my passport. 基本句型五: + + +O(主谓/及物动词宾宾补) What made you angry?,各种词类及其在句子中的作用: 1. Nouns (n.) 名词: -主语(S),宾语(O),表语(P)等 2. Verbs (v.) 动词 -谓语(V) ( vt. 及
4、物动词 / vi. 不及物动词) 3. Pronouns (pron.) 代词: -主语,宾语,表语等 e.g. Kate has a piano. She likes it very much.,_ S,_ V,_ O,_ S,_ V,_ O,4. Adjectives (adj.) 形容词: -定语(At.) 表语 (P) e.g. The flower is very beautiful. This is a very beautiful flower. 5. Adverbs (adv.) 副词:-状语(Ad.) 6. Numerals (num.) 数词: -定语,表语,主语等 e.g
5、. 25 (desks) _(be) enough. 7. Articles (art.) 冠词: 一般不单独构成句子成分,(At.),(P),are,8. Prepositions (prep.) 介词(in, at, on, ) prep. +n. 介词短语-状语 (Ad.),表语等 e.g. We can see the bike under the tree. 9. Conjunctions (conj.) 连词 ( and, or, but, so) 一般不构成成分,仅起连接作用 10. Interjections ( interj.) 感叹词 (ah, oh, yeah) 一般不构
6、成成分,起加强语气作用,基本句型 一 (subject) +V(verb)(主谓) 特点:句子的谓语动词都能表达完整的意思。 这类动词叫做不及物动词,后面可以 跟副词、介词短语、状语从句等。 e.g. His words works.,V,s,主语+不及物动词,Its snowing. The train is arriving. The blind do not see. Can you read? It doesnt pay. May I go? We waited and waited.,主语+不及物动词+状语,Did you sleep well? Dont drive so fast
7、. She is studying hard at the university. She swims like a fish. She is trembling all over. You go first and I will follow behind.,主语+不及物动词+副词,The meeting broke up in great confusion. The engine broke down. The bomb blew up. How did the accident come about? The concert came off well. Sales have been
8、 dropping off badly.,主语+不及物动词(有被动意思),The door blew open. Cheese cuts easily. She photographs well. The window wont shut. Silk stains easily. Her eyes filled with tears.,基本句型 二 + +(主谓宾) 特点:谓语动词都是实义动词,但不能表 达完整的意思,必须跟宾语,即动 作的承受者,才能使意思完整。 这类动词叫做及物动词。 e.g. We like the movie. S,V,o,主语+及物动词+名词/代词,1.主谓宾结构 H
9、e loves poetry. He left school in 1988. They found a cure for cancer. We took the early flight to America. 2.习惯用语(动词+名词) Dont catch cold. Take care! The ice is thin.,主语+及物动词+反身代词,I cant express myself English. Now Ill introduce myself. She saw herself in the mirror. I can support myself. I asked mys
10、elf several questions.,主语+及物动词+不定式(作宾语),Someone is asking to see you. We cant afford to pay such a price. I cant bear to see you like this. I didnt expect to find you here. I dont wish to leave my mother. He promised to see her home.,主语+及物动词+动名词(作宾语),Would you mind waiting a few minutes? Why have th
11、ey delayed opening the new school? I cant imagine lying like this. I prefer standing. I propose resting for half an hour.,主语+及物动词+连接副(代)词引导的宾语从句,I didnt know where they had gone. This shows how much she sympathized with him. Do you see now why I did it? He asked when we would be in London. You can d
12、iscuss which is his best poem. I can tell you what I hear.,基本句型 三 + +(主系表) 特点:句子谓语动词都不能表达一个完整的意思, 必须加上一个表明主语身份或状态的表语构 成复合谓语,才能表达完整的意思。 这类动词叫做(连)系动词。 系动词可分四类: 1)be 本身没有什么意义,只起连系主语和表语的 作用,后可接动词外的任何词; 2)感官动词类 look, feel, smell, taste, sound等 3)表示变化:get, grow, become, turn, go等 4)表示状态延续:stay, keep, rema
13、in, stand等,主语+系动词+形容词,She felt a bit dizzy. Youre not looking very well. The dish smells good. When she saw this, she turned red. Things will come right in the end. He has fallen ill. His advice proved sound.,主语+系动词+名词/代词,His dream has at last become a reality. He used to be a teacher till he turned
14、 writer. We can remain friends. He appeared a fool. It sounds a good idea. The affair rests a mystery.,主语+系动词+副词,I have been out for a walk. But Ive got to be off now. Ill see if he is around. If he is not here, hes about somewhere. She had been away on a long trip.,主语+系动词+不定式,His plan is to keep th
15、e affair secret. Their aim was to modernize their agriculture. Your job is to make sure that the work is finished on time. My duty is to get you away, to save you.,主语+系动词+动名词,His hobby is collecting stamps. His occupation was teaching. My job is repairing cars. Her main interest is playing tennis.,主
16、语+系动词+从句,Their first idea was that he had hidden it. My opinion is that the plan wont work. His only fault is that he lacks ambition.,主语+系动词+形容词+介词短语,Be/系动词+形容词+介词 Be afraid of/ be short of/be fond of/be proud of/be tired of/be confident of/be worried about/feel confident of/remain ignorant of/fall
17、short of,主语+系动词+形容词+不定式,Be glad to/be sorry to/ be happy to/be anxious to/be keen to/be ready to/be willing to/be afraid to/ be content to,主语+系动词+形容词+从句,Afraid/sorry/glad/sure/certain/confident/surprised/hopeful/proud/clear/aware(of),基本句型 四 + +InO +D(主谓间宾直宾) 特点:谓语动词必须跟有两个宾语才能表达完 整的意思。这两个宾语一个是动作的直 接承
18、受者,另一个是动作的间接承受者。 通常可改为 S +V+DO+prep.(to/for)+InO e.g. She gave me an apple. =She gave an apple to me.,主语+双宾语动词+名词或代词+名词,1.动词后接to :give show send bring read pass lend leave hand tell return write throw refuse phone 等 She gave me her telephone number(gave a job to me).He handed me the letter(the lette
19、r to me). 2.动词后接for: make buy do get play sing pay find order choose save cook,3.不能改为to或for的 Fine cost kiss keep mean forgive set They fined her 200 dollars.,注意: 1.如果直接宾语是人身代词宾格时,只能用加to 或for 的形式。 Eg:She often gives it to me.,2.主语+谓语+间接宾语+疑问词+to do sth.(what to do/ how to do it) Eg:He taught me how t
20、o read the words.,基本句型 五 + + +O(主谓宾宾补) 特点:动词虽然是及物动词,但是只跟一个宾 语还不能表达完整的意思,必须加上一 个补充成分来补足宾语,才能使意思完整。 判断原则:能表达成宾语 是/做 e.g. We made him the monitor. S,V,O,OC,1.常跟复合宾语的动词有:call name make think find leave and so on. Eg:I will make you captain. I found the film interesting.,2.如see watch look at listen to he
21、ar feel let make have后面跟不定式作宾语补足语时,常省略to Eg:He listened to the boy cry. Let me go. The teacher made the students laugh.,主语+及物动词+宾语+形容词(作宾补),He found his new job rather boring. He got his clothes wet. She dyed her hair brown. Finally they set him free. I like my tea very hot. She pushed the door open
22、.,主语+及物动词+宾语+名词(作补语),They called their daughter Mary. They named the city London. All work and no play makes Jack a dull boy.,主语+及物动词+宾语+不定式(作补语),What do you advise me to do? Dont allow yourself to indulge in false hopes. I wish you to be happy. Permit me to explain.,典型例题分析,1.Plants need water. S+V+
23、O ( 主 + 谓+ 宾 ) 2.The flower is so nice. S +V +P (主 + 系 + 表) 3.They work hard. S +V (主 + 谓 ) 4.He gives me some books. S +V +In O + DO (主 + 谓 + 直宾 + 间宾) 5.We should keep the plants in the shade. S+V +O +OC (主 + 谓 + 宾 + 宾补),7.Her father looks young. 8.She teaches us English. 9.The children are jumping
24、 and laughing happily. 10.Our teacher asked us to talk about the questions in pairs. 11. He often tells me some interesting stories. 12.The students must keep their eyes closed.,主 + 系 + 表,主 + 谓 +间宾 +直宾,主 + 谓,主 + 谓 + 宾 + 宾补,主 + 谓 +间宾 +直宾,主 + 谓 + 宾 + 宾补,1.Plants need water. 2.The flower is so fresh. 3
25、.The sun rises in the east. 4.He gives me some flowers. 5.We should keep the room clean. 6.Many animals live in trees.,主 + 谓+ 宾,主 + 系 + 表,主 + 谓,主 + 谓 +间宾 +直宾,主 + 谓 + 宾 + 宾补,主 + 谓,基本句型的扩展: e.g. We found the hall full. 我们发现礼堂坐满了。 We found the great hall full of students and teachers. We found the great hall full of students and teachers listening to an important report. 我们发现大礼堂坐满了学生和教师,在听一个重要报告。,同一个动词使用的句型也不尽一样,因此在学习动词时, 应掌握动词的类型。以 get 为例: Hes getting angry. (S V P) Youll
温馨提示
- 1. 本站所有资源如无特殊说明,都需要本地电脑安装OFFICE2007和PDF阅读器。图纸软件为CAD,CAXA,PROE,UG,SolidWorks等.压缩文件请下载最新的WinRAR软件解压。
- 2. 本站的文档不包含任何第三方提供的附件图纸等,如果需要附件,请联系上传者。文件的所有权益归上传用户所有。
- 3. 本站RAR压缩包中若带图纸,网页内容里面会有图纸预览,若没有图纸预览就没有图纸。
- 4. 未经权益所有人同意不得将文件中的内容挪作商业或盈利用途。
- 5. 人人文库网仅提供信息存储空间,仅对用户上传内容的表现方式做保护处理,对用户上传分享的文档内容本身不做任何修改或编辑,并不能对任何下载内容负责。
- 6. 下载文件中如有侵权或不适当内容,请与我们联系,我们立即纠正。
- 7. 本站不保证下载资源的准确性、安全性和完整性, 同时也不承担用户因使用这些下载资源对自己和他人造成任何形式的伤害或损失。
最新文档
- 幼儿园防鼠灭鼠工作方案总结
- 幼儿园思想政治教育工作计划
- 幼儿园早操活动方案
- 小班社会领域分析总结与反思
- 幼儿小班游戏分析与反思
- 2024年高考化学二轮复习专题-反应机理(新高考版)(解析版)
- 建筑方案设计合同协议书
- 幼儿园幼儿体检分析
- 幼儿园教学案例分析及反思总结
- 常见传染病知识及防治措施
- 学校校园足球特色学校工作自查报告
- 2023年武汉新洲区融媒体中心招聘聘用制工作人员笔试参考题库(共500题)答案详解版
- 国标-汽车筒式减振器尺寸系列及技术条件
- 皮肤科常见疾病藏毛窦护理的课件
- 金融小知识(小学金融课件)
- 中建特大桥钢栈桥及钢平台安拆专项施工方案
- 一本书读懂数字化转型
- 2022-2023学年云南省昆明市高二下学期期末考试生物试题(解析版)
- 全国高中青年数学教师优质课大赛一等奖《空间向量及其线性运算》课件
- 《公务员录用体检表》
- 小学道德与法治-从“中国制造”到“中国创造”教学设计学情分析教材分析课后反思
评论
0/150
提交评论