选修6unit 1 Grammar 虚拟语气.ppt

1、虚拟语气(一)Subjunctive Mood (I)sbd(k)tiv,GRAMMER 语法,陈述语气 (The Indicative Mood) I went to the theatre yesterday.Jack havent come back home yet. Have you ever been to France? What a splendid palace! 祈使语气 (The Imperative Mood)Lets go.Dont touch anything on the table until the bell rings.,一. 语气的分类,虚拟语气 The

2、Subjunctive Mood 1). If I were you, I would not leave her alone. 2).Our teacher suggested that we (should) go to the library this afternoon.,条件句表示主句的条件,分真实条件句 和虚拟条件句 两种。,真实条件句 表示条件是真的或有可能实现的, 采用陈述语气。 If it rains, the basketball match will be put off. b. 虚拟条件句 表示条件是无法实现或几乎无法实现的, 采用虚拟语气。 If I were you

3、, I would study hard to enter the key university.,二. 虚拟条件句,if 虚拟条件句的概念,由 if 引导的虚拟条件句叫作 if虚拟条件句 I could easily recognize him if I had seen him before. 其他虚拟条件句 Without your help, I couldnt have finished my work on time.,三. if 虚拟条件句的结构,a. 表示现在的假设 b. 表示过去的假设 c. 表示将来的假设,表示现在的假设,What would you do if you w

4、on the lottery? If I won the lottery, I would,If I _the lottery, I _an expensive car.,won,would buy,If I had a lot of money,I _a villa.,would buy,If I had a lot of money now,I _ _around the world.,would travel,If it were fine now,I _shopping.,would go,过去式 did/were,would/could/should/might +V. (原),虚拟

5、语气在条件状语从句中的用法。,a. If they _ (be) here, they _ (take) your advice. b. If the world-war _ (break) out again, what _ (happen) to our people on the earth?,were,would take,broke,would happen,PRACTICE 1: Fill in the blanks.,c. If the policeman _ (be not) in that room, it _ (be) very dangerous. d. If I _ (

6、be) in your position, I _ (ask) for teachers help.,were not,could be,were,would ask,表示过去的假设,If he _ more carefully, he _ the car accident yesterday.,had driven,would not have had,If I _ how to swim,I _ trapped in this island.,had learnt,would not have been,过去完成时 had done,would/could/should/ might +

7、have+ done,a. If Tom _ (be) more careful in the exam, he _ (pass) it already. b. If you _ (get) up earlier, you _ (catch) the first train.,had been,would have passed,had got,would have caught,PRACTICE 2: Fill in the blanks,c. If I _ (meet) you yesterday, we _ (go) to the concert together. d. If the

8、hurricane_ (happen) during the daytime, there_ (be)more deaths.,had met,would have gone,had happened,would have been,n. 飓风，暴风,表示将来的假设,If he got up early,he would be on time.,假如他来了, 我们对他说什么呢？,If he were to come, what should we say to him?,假如他看见我, 就会认识我。,If he should see me, he would know me.,1.动词过去式

9、2.should+V. 3. were to do,would/could/ should/ might +V. (原),a. If there _ (be) no natural resource any more, we _ (make) use of nuclear power . b. What _ (happen) if you _ (get up) too late tomorrow?,should be,should make,would happen,should get up,PRACTICE 3: Fill in the blanks,c. If Robots _ (con

10、trol) the world some day, there _ (be) no friendship. d. If it _(rain) tomorrow, we _(not go out).,were to control,would be,rained/should rain/were to rain,should not go out,过去式 did (或were),过去完成时 had done,would/could/should/might +do,would/could/should/might+have+done,1.过去式 did 2. should+ V.(原) 3. w

11、ere to do,would/could/should/might +do,虚拟语气在条件状语从句中的用法 (没商量，无条件背会) 详见课本P86,有时虚拟条件从句与主句的时间不一致，出现混合虚拟语气结构。,.If he had followed the doctors advice, he would be well. .If I were you ,I would not have gone to see the film yesterday.,在混合虚拟语气结构中，从句表示的动作与主句表示的动作的时间不一致，这时主、从句谓语动词的形式要根据它们发生的时间进行调整。,与过去相反,与将来相

12、反,与现在相反,与过去相反,虚拟条件句的倒装 在虚拟条件句中从句谓语动词有were, had, should时,可省略if,把 were, had, should 移到主语前面, 采取部分倒装。 1) If I were you, I would try it again. Were I you, I would try it again. 2) If they were to arrive before we depart tomorrow, we should have a wonderful party. Were they to arrive before we depart tomo

13、rrow, 3) If you had studied hard, you might have passed the exam. Had you studied hard, you might have passed the exam. 4) If he should be interested in climbing, Ill phone him. Should he be interested in climbing, Ill phone him.,虚拟语气特殊句型,wish,In Subjunctive mood,虚拟语气的特殊用法：,1,wish+宾语从句：表示不能实现的愿望， 表示

14、“但愿.； 就好了；可惜；多好 1. 表示现在不能实现的愿望，从句的谓语动词用过去式。 要是我能返老还童就好了。 I wish (that) I were young again. 我但愿自己能年轻10岁。 I wish I were ten years younger.,2. 表示将来不能实现的愿望，从句的谓语动词用would/could/might+动词原形(不用should) 但愿将来某一天我能飞上月球。 I wish I could fly to the moon one day. 3. 表示过去不能实现的愿望,从句的谓语动词用 过去完成时 （had done） How I wish

15、I had studied hard before the exam. 要是考前努力学习了该多好啊！,1. wish 的宾语从句,现在: 过去时（或were） 过去: 过去完成时 未来: would/could/might +V. should,I wish I _（be) as tall as Yao Ming.,were,I wish I_(be) a bird.,were,I wish every day _(be) my birthday.,were,I wish / wished I_ (not eat) so much watermelon.,hadnt eaten,I wish it _tomorrow.,would rain,2. would rather sb. 宁愿/宁可某人.,现在: 过去: 未来:,过去时,过去时,过去完成时,我宁可你现在去那里。(would rather) I would rather you went there now. 我宁可你昨天走了。 I