冠词和代词.ppt

1、冠词,冠词的用法,冠词的相关练习,KING,冠词,不使用冠词,定冠词,不定冠词,a an,the,零冠词,冠词的分类,冠 词 的 分 类,不定冠词的用法,a用在以辅音音素开头的单词前 an用在以元音音素开头的单词前,1. 2. 3. 4.,e.g. _book _ egg _ useful book _ underground room,a,an,a,an,基本用法：指人或事物的某一种类,e.g. She is a girl. 她是女孩 This is a desk. 这是一张书桌,泛指某人或者某物，但又不具体说明何人何物,e.g. I can see a kite. A boy is in

2、Grade 1.,表示“数量”，“有一”“每一”的意思,e.g. We have six classes a day.,冠词的分类,定冠词的用法,基本用法：“特指”特指某（些）人或者某（些）事物，以便与其他的人或物有所区别,1. 2. 3. 4.,e.g.The book on the desk is Jims. 书桌上的那本书是吉姆的 The chairs are there. 椅子在那里,指谈话双方都知道的人或事物,e.g. Where is the kite? 风筝在哪儿？（双方都知道指的是哪只风筝） Open the door, please.请把门打开（双方都知道要打开哪扇门）,在叙

3、述中，上文提到过的人或者事物，再次出现时,e.g. ：I can see a kite. 我看见一只风筝 ：where is the kite?这个风筝在那里？,用在姓氏的复数名词前，表示“一家人”,e.g. the Blacks 布来克一家,冠词的分类,定冠词的用法,用在宇宙间独一无二的天体名词之前,5. 6. 7. 8.,e.g.the sun the sky the moon the earth,用在序数词和形容词最高级，及形容词only, very, same 前,e.g. I live on the second floor.我住在二楼 Skating is the best spo

4、rt in winter. 滑冰是冬天最好的运动,用在某些建筑物和旅馆的名称之前,The Palace Museum The Summer Palace,用在表示乐器的名词之前,e.g. the violin the piano,冠词的分类,定冠词的用法,用在一些习惯用语中,9.,e.g.in the day in the morning / aftrnoon/ evening the day before tomorrow/ yesterday the next morning / week/ month/ year in the sky/ water/ field/ country in

5、the dark in the rain in the distance in the middle (of) in the end on the whole by the way go to the theatre (cinema),总 结,特指双方熟悉，上文已经提起。 世上独一无二，方位名词乐器。 某些专有名词，还有复数姓氏。 序数词最高级，习惯用语牢记。,冠 词 的 分 类,零冠词的用法,名词前有了物主代词、指示代词、不定代词和“”所有格时。,1. 2. 3. 4.,e.g. Our books those apples Jims pen,附复数名词在表示一类人或者事物时。,e.g. T

6、hey are teachers. 他们是老师。,在专有名词前,e.g. China England,在星期、月份、节日前,e.g. on Sunday in August on Childrens Day,不使用冠词的情况,冠 词 的 分 类,零冠词的用法,在球类运动前及三餐名词前。,5. 6.,e.g. play football/ basketball have supper,在一些固定搭配中,e.g. at night go to school at table by bike at work go to bed at school at home watch TV,不使用冠词的情况,

7、冠 词 的 相 关 练 习,一、单项选择题 1、_ book on the desk is _ useful one. A. The; an B. A; a C. The; a 、_ old lady in brown is _ university professor. A. An; a B. An; / C. The; a 、What can you see by the lake? I can see _ old man sitting on the chair. A. a B. an C. the 、Have you had_ lunch yet? A. a B. / C. The 、

8、There is _ “f” in the word “wife”. A. anB. a C. The 、He is _ best one in our school. A. a B. anC. The,C,A,B,B,C,C,7、My brother can play _ football well and he can also play _ piano well. A. the; B. ; the C. the; the 8、lets go and have _ walk around _ school. A. a; the B. /; / C. the; a 9、_ boy has b

9、roken the window. A. A B. The C. both A and B 10、You may ask _ old man listening to _ radio under_ tree for_ advice about it. A. an; the; the; / B. the; / ; the; / C. The; the; the; / 11、They work in _ same shop. They are paid by _ day. A. the; the B. a; a C. the; / 12、what is _ plane? _ machine tha

10、t can fly. A. the; the B. a; theC. a; A,B,A,C,C,C,C,13、It gave me _ great surprise that he had cooked such_ nice food. A. a; a B. a; / C. the; the 14、Its _ pity to be listened to by nobody. A. a B. an C. the 15、Failure is _ mother of success. A. the B. a C. / 16、_ number of _ students is more than 1

11、,200. A. The; the B. A; the C. A; a 17、Ships send _ messages to each other by _ radio. A. the; the B. /; a C. /; / 18、_ orange is _ orange. A. The; a B. An; /C. A; an,A,A,A,A,C,B,19、There is _ apple and _ piece of bread on the plate. A. a; a B. an; a C. an; the 20、We dont know she is _ honest girl.

12、A. a B. an C. the 21、Do you want to be _ artist when you grow up? A. the B. a C. an 22、A spaceship flies at about eleven kilometers _ second. A. / B. a C. the 23、Betty is from Beijing. It is _ old city and _ capital of our country. A. the; the B. an; a C. an; the 24、My daughter said the man had hit

13、her on _ face. A. a B. / C. the,B,B,C,B,C,C,25、That is _ map of _ world. A. a; a B. the; a C. a; the 26、Lesson Four is _ difficult lesson, but it isnt _ most difficult one in Book 2. A. a; the B. an; theC. The; a 27、Mr. Black didnt go to work yesterday because he was ill in _ bed. A. the B. a C. / 2

14、8、Whats that over there? Its _ boat. A. the B. an C. a 29、Mike is _ American boy. He studies in _ unniversity in Guangdong. A. a; an B. an; a C. an; the 30、Have you got _ e mail address? A. a B. an C. /,Keys,C,A,C,C,B,B,二、阅读下列短文，在需要的地方填入适当的冠词。,If you go out sometimes at _ night, you will see _ moon

15、high up in _ sky. The moon is far away from the earth. But it is our _ nearest neighbour in _ space. In _ 1969 two Americans visited it by _ spaceship. It was one of _ most exciting moments of that year. The sky looks black from the moon and youll see the earth up in the sky. You will also see _ man

16、y starts. You cant find any living things there. Its too hot in _ day and too cold at night. And thers no air or _ water there. Nothing can live on it. It is difficult for _ us to walk on the moon than on the earth. If you throw _ ball, it would fly very far. It is _ interesting thing if you can tra

17、vel to the moon in _ sapceship.,(4),(2),(3),(1),(5),(6),(7),(8),(9),(10),(11),(12),(13),(14),(15),Keys,二、填空 / the the / / / /,the / the / / a an a,代 词语法聚焦与练习,（ ）1If the question _ incorrectly, _ question will be given to you Ais answered, other Banswers, other Cis answered, another Danswers, another

18、 【解析】 首先由语态可以排除,项。主要区别other和another的用法。another是指另一个的意思，后面接单数，而other是指其它的，一般接复数，准确答案是。 （ ）2Which would you like to drink, coffee or orange juice? Please give me a cup of tea ANeither BBoth CA11 DNone 【解析根据回答，知道前面问的咖啡和橙汁都不要，所以应该选择 Neither，表示两者中的任何一个都不。而None用在三个以上的事物上。,C,A,（ ）3An old friend of my siste

19、rs always helps my brother and with English AI; our Bme; ourselves CI; my Dme; us （ ）4His MP3 is the same as , but it is more expensive AhimBmine CmyDher （ ）5Are the keys over there _ ? -No, Go and ask AnnaThey may belong to her Ayou Byour Cyours DYourself （ ）6Im leaving for the examByebye, MumWell,

20、 make sure youve got _ready Asomething Banything Ceverything Dnothing,D,B,C,C,（ ）7Sam looks like his DadThey are _tall Aeither Bany Call Dboth （ ）8Is this the Greens house? No._ is over there AHis BTheir CTheirs DThem （ ）9Where is my pen? Have you seen _ ? Oh, sorryI have taken _ by mistake Ait, you

21、rs Bthem, his Cit, mine Dthem, hers （ ）10Is this kite _ , Tom? Yes, its mineIts made by _ Ayours, myself Bmine, myself Cours, himself Dyour, myself,D,C,A,A,一、人称代词,2人称代词有主格和宾格之分。通常主格作主语，宾格作宾语。如： like table tennis（作主语） Do you know ? （作宾语） 3人称代词还可作表语。作表语时用宾格。如： Who is knocking at the door? Its 4人称代词在th

22、an之后与其他人或事物进行比较时，用主格和宾格都可以。 如：He is older than He is older than am,I,I,him,me,me,Who is the boy over there? -_ is my brother. A. He B. His C. Him D. Himself 2. Do you know about David? -Yes, I know _ very well. A. he B. himself C. him D. his 3. Last Sunday everybody went to the cinema except _. A. I

23、 and Tom B. Tom and me C. Tom and I D. me and Tom,A,C,B,二、物主代词,1表示所有关系的代词叫物主代词。物主代词分形容词性物主代词和名词性物主代词，如下表所示。,2形容词性物主代词的作用相当于形容词，可在句中作定语。 Eg: teacher is coming to see us This is pencilbox 3名词性物主代词的作用相当于名词，在句中可用作主语、宾语和表语。 Our school is here, and is there作主语 Is this English book ? （作表语） NoMine is in my

24、bag Ive already finished my homeworkHave you finished ? （作宾语）,Our,her,theirs,yours,yours,-My pen is lost. -Dont worry about it. You can use _. A. my B. mine C. me D. myself 2. Sonia, is this your dictionary? -Oh, no, its not _. Ask Li Lei, he is looking for _. A. me, hers B. mine, him C. my, her D.

25、mine, his 3. _ school is bigger than _. A. Our, their B. Ours, theirs C. Theirs, our D. Their, ours,B,D,D,四、反身代词,英语中用来表示我自己，你自己，他自己，我们自己，你们自己等意义的代词称为反身代词，也有人称之为自身代名词，其形式如表所示。,反身代词可以在句中作宾语，表语，同位语。 1作宾语，表示动作的承受者是动作的发出者，主语和宾语指同一个人或一些人。 He called himself a writer Would you please express yourself in Eng

26、lish?,2作表语。 It doesnt matterIll be myself soon The girl in the news is myself 3作主语或宾语的同位语，表示亲自或本人。 I myself washed the clothes（=I washed the clothes myself）（作主语同位语） You should ask the teacher himself（作宾语同位语）,1. Mr. Wu put some fruit on the table and asked me to help _. A. myself B. herself C. himsel

27、f D. yourself 2. Dont leave Mary by _. She is only two years old. A. her B. she C. hers D. herself 3. She cant mend her bike _. A. herself B. her C. hers D. she 4. When Jonathan went to Spain with his sister, he bought a leather coat for her and another for _. A. him B. himself C. he D. his,A,D,B,A,

28、三、指示代词,指示代词包括：this，that，these，those. 1this和these一般用来指在时间或空间上较近的事物或人，that和those则指 时间和空间上较远的事物或人，例如： We are busy days In days the workers had a hard time This is a pen and is a pencil 2有时that和those指前面讲到过的事物，this 和these则是指下面将要讲到的事物，例如： I had a cold why I didnt come What I want to say is ; pronunciation

29、 is very important in learning English,these,those,that,Thats,this,3有时为了避免重复提到的名词，常可用that或those代替，例如： Television sets made in Beijing are just as good as those made in Shanghai 4this 在电话用语中代表自己，that 则代表对方。例如： Hello! This is MaryIs that Jack speaking?,The life in Japan is different from _ in America.

30、 A. one B. that C. it D. those 2. Who is that speaking? -_ A. I am Ann. B. Its Ann. C. That is Ann. 3. As a matter of fact, Saudi Arabias oil reserves are second only to _. A. Kuweit B. that of Kuweit C. Kuweitss D. those of Kuweit,B,B,D,四、相互代词,表示相互关系的代词叫做相互代词。相互代词有each other 和one another两种形式。在当代英语中

31、，each other和one another没有什么区别。相互代词可在句中作宾语，定语。作定语用时，相互代词用所有格形式。 We should learn from each other / one another.作宾语 Do you often write to each other / one another? 作宾语 We often borrow each others / one anothers books（作定语） The students corrected each others / one anothers mistakes in their homework（作定语）

32、,They visited _ home. A. each other B. each others C. each others 2. We should help _. A. each other B. each others C. each others,B,A,五、不定代词,不是指明代替任何特定名词的代词叫做不定代词，在句中可作主语、表语、宾语和定语。现将几个常用的不定代词用法举例说明如下： 1some与any的区别 1）some多用于肯定句，表示“一些，几个”作形容词时，后面可以接不可数名词+单数动词；可数名词+复数动词。 Look! Some of the students are

33、 cleaning the library Some rice in the bag has been sold out 2）any多用于疑问句、条件句和否定句中，表示“一些，任何”用作形容词时，后面可以接不可数名词+单数动词；可数名词+复数动词。 If you have any questions, please ask me There isnt any orange in the bottle Have you got any tea?,3）any和some也可以作代词用，表示“一些”。any多用于疑问句或否定 句中，some多用于肯定句中。 How many people can yo

34、u see in the picture? I cant see any If you have no money, Ill lend you some 【注意】与some, any结合的词如something, somebody, someone, anything, anyone, anybody在肯定句、否定句、疑问句、条件句中的用法，大致和some, any的用法相同。,2few, a few, little, a little在用法上的区别 1）用作形容词：,Im going to buy a few apples He can speak only a little Chinese

35、 There is only a little milk in the glass He has few friends They had little money with them,2）a little和little也可以用作副词，a little表示“有点，稍微”，little表示“很少”。 Im a little hungry(修饰形容词hungry) Let him sleep a little(修饰动词sleep) Mary, go a little faster, please(修饰副词比较级) She slept very little last night 3other, t

36、he other, another, others, the others的区别。,常与one搭配构成“one , the other ”句型 He has two brothersOne is 10 years old , the other is 5 years old She held a ruler in one hand and an exercise book in the some , others ”句型。 Some went to the cinema, others went swimming This coat is too largeShow me some other

37、s, please,4every与each的区别。 each 1)可单独使用 2)可做代名词、形容词 3)着重“个别” 4)用于两者或两者以上中的每一个人或物 Every 1)不可单独使用 2)仅作形容词 3)着重“全体”，毫无例外 4)用于三者或三者以上每一个人或物,The teacher gave a toy to each child Each ball has a different colour 当我们说each child, each student或each teacher时，我们想到的是一个人的情况。而当我们说every child和every student时，我们想到的是全

38、体的情况，every的意思与all接近，表示他们都如此。 Every student loves the English teacher = All students love the English teacher Every child likes playing= All children like playing,5all和both的用法。 1）all指三者以上，或不可数的东西。谓语动词既可以用单数，也可以用作 复数。在句中作主语、表语、宾语、同位语和定语。 All of us like Mr Pope我们都喜欢Pope先生。（作主语） = We all like Mr Pope(作同

39、位语) All the water has been used up(作主语) Thats all for today(作表语) Why not eat all (of) the fish? (作宾语) All the leaders are here(作定语),2）both作代词。 与其他名词或代词并列出现，表示“两个都”。 Lucy and Lily both agree with us They both passed on their sticks at the same time How are your parents? Theyre both fine 与“of +代词（或名词）

40、”连用，表示“两者都”。 Both of them came to see Mary Both of the books are very interesting 单独使用，表示“两者（都）”。 Michael has two sonsBoth are clever I dont know which book is the better, I shall read both 3）both用作形容词，放在名词之前，修饰该名词，表示“两者都”。 Both his younger sisters are our classmates There are tall trees on both sid

41、es of the street,1.Mr Zhang is quite busy today. He has _ meetings to attend. A. a few B. few C. a little D. little 2. She said she would live in London for _ four or five years. A. them B. another C. the other D. the others 3. Do you like the top star Jay Chou and the movie star Andy Lau? -_. I am not their fan. A. B