2023年高考冲刺英语知识点：动词和动词词组

高考冲刺英语学问点：动词和动词词组动词和动词短语是历年高考单项填空考察的核心热点，每年必考，一般占1—2道题。设题时往往都是给出四个不同的动词或动词短语(有时是同一动词与不同介词或副词的搭配)来测试考生在具体语境中对动考点一、考察动词词义辨析然后依据题意需要选用适宜的动词。例Recently,thesecompanieshave someworkersbecauseofthedropineconomy.A.hiredB.dismissedC.refusedD.employed【解析四个选项都是及物动词且都可以与worker构成动宾关系但从题干中的thedropin 可知，只有B项符合题意。词的语义差异、用法特点等入手才能选出符合题意的动词。例Whenhisbrotherwastocrossthestreet,hewasknockeddownbyatruckandbadly 。A.injuredBdamagedC.harmedD.destroyed【解析】这四个动词都有“损害，损害”之意，但具体用法不同。injure指在意外事故中“受伤”;damage主要指对于物体的不彻底的破坏，这种破坏或因自然灾难所致，或因人为造成，常含可以修;destroyA。考点三、考察动词与其宾语的固定搭配后依据题意选择符合固定搭配或习惯用法的动词。例Withmodernequipment,manymysterieshave tolightinrecentyears.A.boughtB.comeC.thrownD.appearedcometolight，故答案为B。考点四、考察同根动词短语的辨析义规律、固定搭配、前后关系等角度去确定答案。例HowIwishthatIcould myideasinsimpleandwonderfulEnglishwhenchattingonthenet.A.setoutB.setoffC.setinD.setupsetoutA。考点五、考察同根介词或副词的动词短语的辨析意，然后选出符合题意和句子构造需要的动词短语。例WhenIwastwenty,Ihadto beforegraduationandworkinaclothesshoptohelpsupportmyfamily.A.dropoutB.comeoutC.leaveoutD.stayout【解析】分析题意为“在20岁时，我不得不辍学到一家服装店工作以帮助养活我的家人。”从题意可A项的dropout有此意，故答案为A。例Takecareduringtheholidays!Drinkingtoomuchcan heartdiseaseandcausehighbloodpressure.A.contributetoB.relatetoC.attendtoD.devotetoAcontributetoA。考点六、考察不同动词构成的动词短语的辨析出符合题意的动词短语。例Thesocietytodayofferstheyounggenerationmorechancesto theirtalentandskills.(2023合肥质检)A.giveoutB.takeinC.showoffD.carryonC。【精选试题】名校模拟题及其答案1.(2023—2023学年度高二第一学期期末六校联考，英语，30)—Howlovelythesechildrenare!—Yeah.They memoriesofmychildhood.A.calledoutB.calledforC.calledupD.calledon【解析】callout“出动,向„叫喊”，callfor“需要，要求”，callup“召集,使想起,提出,打给”，callon“号召,呼吁,约请,访问”。此句意思是“他们引起了我对童年的回忆。”C。【答案】Ckids thenetbar,and hadabadeffectontheirstudies.A.areaddictedto;itB.getengagedin;whichC.arerelatedto;whatD.areaddictedto;which【解析】beaddictedto意思是“对„上瘾”，符合题意。And是一个并列连词，后面应当是并列句，B和D。berelatedto“与„有关”，不符合题意，因此排解。【答案】A3.(山东省莒南一中2023—2023学年度高三第一学期学业水平阶段性测评，英语，21)Afterstudyinginamedicalcollegeforfiveyears,Janeherjobasadoctorinthecountryside.A.setoutB.tookoverC.tookupD.setup【解析】setout“takeover“”takeup“setup“设立”依据题C。【答案】C(江苏省扬州中学2023-2023学年度高一其次学期3月月考，英语，34)Thoughwe naturaldisasters,wearesuretoovercomealldifficulties.A.giveawayB.affectwithC.sufferfromD.dealwithwith“处理”。从“wearesuretoovercomealldifficulties.”这句话可以推断出前半句的意思应当C。【答案】Cwasfiredasshewas ofcheatingcustomers.A.accusedB.chargedC.blamedD.caughtbeaccusedofaccusedofbechargedwith“被控告”chargewithblame“责备”。【答案】A6.08-09学年下期高三其次次月考，24)Askedsuddenlyaboutthematter,hecouldn’tanansweratonce.A.comeupwithB.lookforC.putupwithD.answerfor【解析】comeupwith“lookfor“putupwith“answerfor“负责”A.【答案】A7.(吉林市一般中学2023—2023学年度高中毕业班下学期期中复习检测，英语，18)Mydaughterisnotsurewhatto attheuniversity;shecan’tmakeuphermindaboutherfuture.A.takeupB.makeupC.pickupD.builduptakeupup;pickup;buildup【答案】A8.(杭州二中2023学年高三年级第五次月考，英语，6)Hiscolleagues himthoughhehimselfdidn’tthinkhehaddoneanythingspecial.A.thoughthighlyofB.lookeduptoC.singhighpraiseofD.showgreatrespectfor【解析】thinkhighlyofShowgreatrespectto,C说法错误，lookupto向上看，不合题意。【答案】Aherbeautyandyouthinrecentyears.A.wornoutB.triedoutCmadeoutD.sentout【解析】wornouttriedout;makeout展,说明,设法应付,理解,识别出;sentout【答案】A10.(厦门市2023年高中毕业班质量检查，英语，23)It’sobviousthattheBeijingOlympicGamesagreatseccess.A.keptB.showedCprovedD.remainedshowsbsth出示某物给某人看;keep;proveremain【答案】CBeforethewarbrokeout,manypeople insafeplacespossessionstheycouldnottakewiththem.A.throwawayB.putawayC.gaveawayD.carriedawayputaway存储，存放;throwaway;giveaway泄露，赠送;carryaway【答案】BThecompanyisatartinganewadvertisingcampaignto newcustumerstoitsstores.A.joinB.attractC.stickD.transferAttract;transfer转让，转移。【答案】BModernplasticscan veryhighandverylowtemperatures.A.standB.seekingC.findingD.lookingforstandhold,carrysupport支撑，养活。【答案】AItwasalreadypastmidnightandonlythreeyoungmen inthehouse.A.leftB.remainedC.delayedD.desertedleave;desert,抛弃，舍弃。A项应用被动语态，CD【答案】BInthisseasideresortyoucan allthecomfortandconvenienceofmoderntourism.(山东2023)A.enjoyB.applyC.receiveD.achieve【答案】A。【解析】这几个动词均可以作及物动词，但是意思、含义不一样。enjoy表示“.享受„之乐，赏识，applyreceiveachieveA。句意：在这个海滨消遣场，你可以享受全部现代旅游的舒适与便利。We thelastbusanddidn’thaveanymoneyfortaxisowehadtowalkhome.国2023Ⅰ)A.reachedB.lostC.missedD.caught【答案】C。“没赶上(车子等)、错过”，catchC。17(2023年福建卷，33)Thenewsofthemayor’scomongtoourschoolforavisitwas ontheradioyesterday.A.turnedoutB.foundoutC.givenoutD.carriedout【答案】CA产”B”C”D18(2023年湖北卷，27)Ifwecan theneverythingshouldbeallright.A.coneacrossB.getoverC.comeoverD.getoff【答案】B【解析】句意：假设我们能抑制目前的困难，一切都会很顺当的。comeacross偶遇;getover抑制，越过;comeover过来，顺便来访;getoff下车，使动身。19(2023山东)It’sthesortofworkthat ahighlevelofconcentration.A.callsforB.makesupC.liesinD.standsfor【答案】A【解析】callfor“要求”;makeup“弥补，编造，组成”;liein“在于”;standfor“代表”。句A。(2023浙江)Wefirmlybelievethatwarneversettlesanything.Itonly violence.A.runsintoBesfromC.leadstoD.beginswith【答案】C【解析】runinto“撞上，陷入”;comefrom“来自于”;leadto“导致，引起”;beginwith“以„„C。Theteacherhasapeculiarwayof herstudent’snervousnesswhenthenspeakEnglish.A.breakingdownB.goingoverC.takingoffD.givingaway【解析】A句意：这位教师有一种疏导学生在说英语时产生的紧急心情的独特方法。Breakdown:toseparatesomethingsuchasanideaorstatementintosmallerpartsinordertomakeiteasier.goover复习;takeoff脱下，起飞;giveawayInthecross-lakeswimmingrace,aboatwillbe incaseofanemergency.A.standingbyB.turningonC.gettingonD.runningon【解析】A句意：有船只严阵以待，预防紧急状况。standbytowaitandbereadyforactionifneeded预备行动;待机;turnon翻开;geton;rundownB、C、D三项均不符合。You onlyhalftheprice,howwouldthesellersellthejackettoyou?A.spentB.paidC.chargedD.offered?offer:tosaythatyouwillpayaparticularamountofmoneytobuysomethingCharge(收费)不符合题意。抚讲价(offer)而后才能药费(spend)或支付(pay)帮A、BHe theproblem inhismindforawholeweekbeforehedidanythingaboutit.A.switched;onB.kicked;upC.turned;overD.took;onturnover:tothinkaboutcarefully;switchon;kickup;takeonAttimesthebalanceinnatureis ,resultinginanumberofpossiblyunforeseeneffects.A.troubledB.confusedC.disturbedD.puzzled【解析】Ctrouble;puzzled指人是困惑的，因此将A、D两项排解;依据句意，自然的平衡本身并不是混乱的(confused),而不受到了人为的干扰(disturbed),才会C—So,howisyournewroommate?Shereally .ShealwaysmakingloudnoisesatmidnightandwhenIremindher,shealwaysmakesruderemarks.A.turnsmeoverB.turnsmedownC.turnsmeoffD.turnsmeout【解析】Cturnsb.over:把„„移交，把„„交给;turnsb.down:拒绝;turnsb.off:使对(某人);turnsb.outCPeoplehave