英语译林版（皖湘专用）必修5导学笔记Unit1PeriodOne

Theyarethesortoffriendswhoaresoclosethattheytrusteachotherwiththeirlives.Ifonefalls，theotheristheretocatchhim.TheyareWellman，whoselegswerepermanentlyinjurednineyearsagoinarockclimbingaccident，andCorbett，anexperiencedrockclimber.Together，theyclimbedupHalfDome，thefamous2,000footrockintheYosemiteNationalPark，throughoneofthemostdifficultroutes.Duringtheclimb，Corbetttookthelead，hitinthemetalspikes(尖状物)thatguidedtheropesandclimbedup.Then，afterWellmanpulledhimselfuptherope，Corbettwentdowntoremovethespikesandclimbedupagain.Thisprocesswasrepeatedtimeandtimeagain，inchbyinch，for13days.Wellman’sjobwasnoteasyeither.Hegothimselfuptheropethroughupperbodystrengthalone.Inall，Wellmanfiguredthathehaddone5,000pullupsuptheropeontheclimb.However，whenthetwomenfirstmet，theynevertalkedaboutclimbing.“HeknewthatwashowIgotinjured，”Wellmansaid.UntilonedayWellmandecidedthathewantedtoclimbagainandtheystartedtraining.TheirclimbofHalfDomewasnotallsmooth.Atonepoint，piecesofrockgaveway，andCorbettdroppeddownquickly.Wellmanlockedtheirropeinplace，stoppingthefallat20feet.Hisquickactionprobablysavedhisfriend’slife.“Yourpartnercansaveyourlife—youcan，”Wellmansaidasthepairreceivedcongratulationsfromfriends.“Therearerealcloseties.”根据上文完成下列各题1.Whydidthetwomennevertalkaboutclimbingwhentheyfirstmet?Corbettdidn’twanttohurtWellman.2.Fillintheblankinthelastparagraphwithproperwords.saveyourpartner’slife3.What’sthemainideaofthetext?Friendshipispreciousinlife.PeriodOneWeletotheunit&ReadingⅠ.重点单词1.betrayvt.出卖，背叛2.pretendvi.&vt.假装；装扮，扮作3.admitvt.&vi.承认；允许进入，接纳4.swearvt.&vi.发誓；郑重承诺；咒骂，说脏话swore(过去式)sworn(过去分词)5.forgivevt.原谅，宽恕forgave(过去式)forgiven(过去分词)6.focusvi.&vt.集中注意力于……；(使)聚焦；n.焦点；重点7.mannern.方式；态度，举止mannersn.礼貌8.guiltyadj.内疚的；有罪的guiltn.内疚9.crueladj.伤人的；残酷的，残忍的10.remarkn.&vi.评论，谈论11.arguevi.争论，争吵；主张，论证；说服argumentn.争论，争吵12.awkwardadj.令人尴尬的，别扭的；笨拙的13.sensitiveadj.易生气的；敏感的；体贴的14.blamevt.责备，指责；n.(坏事或错事的)责任；责备，指责15.giftedadj.有天赋的，有天才的giftn.天才；礼物Ⅱ.重点短语1.getalong/onwith与……相处2.feelashamed感到羞耻3.stareatsb.盯着某人4.feellikedoingsth.想要做某事5.keepone’sword信守诺言6.spyon暗中监视，窥探7.bedeterminedtodosth.决心做某事8.keeppacewith(与……)步调一致，(与……)同步9.beforelong不久，很快Ⅲ.重点句式1.musthavedoneImusthavesoundedveryproudofmyselfafterthequiz...考试之后，我一定是听上去洋洋得意……2.否定前移Idon’tthinkIcanevertrulyforgiveher.我不认为我能真正原谅她。3.so＋be动词/助动词/情态动词＋主语Footballisveryimportanttome，butsoisourfriendship.足球对我来说很重要，友谊也是如此。4.cannothelpdoingsth....IcannothelpwonderingifhewantsPetertobehisbestfriendinsteadofme.……我忍不住想他是不是想让彼得取代我做他最好的朋友。5.if引导的条件状语从句的省略Ifso，theproblemlieswithyou，nother.如果是这样的话，问题在于你而不在于她。Ⅰ.课文阅读理解1.Whatisthesecretaboutinthefirstletter?A.Familyproblems. B.Atestscore.C.Loveaffairs. D.Wrongdoings.答案B2.Sarahfeltbetrayedbyherfriend，Hannah，becauseshethought.A.HannahhadbeenherbestfriendsinceprimaryschoolB.HannahwastheonlyonewhoknewhermarkC.itwasthesecretbetweenHannahandherD.Hannahletouthersecret答案D

3.AccordingtoAndrew，theylostthefootballgamebecause.A.theotherteamwasbrilliantB.MatthewwasnotasathleticashimC.MatthewplayedbadlyandwascarelessD.evenBeckhamcouldn’talwaysgiveagreatperformance答案C4.WhatmadeAndrewthinkthatthefriendshipbetweenMatthewandhimwasintrouble?A.HesawMatthewtalkingtoanotherboy.B.Theyhadaterriblefightafterthematch.C.Matthewhasn’tapologizedtohim.D.Hehadbetterfindanotherfriend.答案AⅡ.课文阅读填空SecretsandliesSarah’s1.purposeforwritingToaskforadviceSarah’s2.reasonsforfeelingbetrayed·SarahonlytoldHannahhersecretthatnooneintheclasshadreceiveda(n)3.lowergradethanher.·Everybodyseemedtohaveknownthesecretthenextday.Hannah’s4.explanationTheirconversationmighthavebeen5.heardbyothersinthewashroom.DifficultsituationSarahlostherbestfriendandfeltbeinglaughedatbyeveryone.AfriendshipintroubleAndrew’sdilemmaThequarrelafterafootballmatch6.destroyedhisfriendshipwithMatthew.7.Argumentsaboutlosingthematch·InAndrew’sopinion，Matthewwasto8.blameforlosingthematch.·InMatthew’sview，heshouldn’tbe9.responsibleforlosingthematchanditwasnaturaltoplaybadlyforaplayerlikehim.AwkwardsituationAlthoughthey10.sitnexttoeachother，theydon’tspeaktoeachother，andAndrewwonderswhetherMatthewandhearebestfriends.Ⅲ.课文难句分析Footballisveryimportanttome，butsoisourfriendship.[句式分析]so＋be动词/助动词/情态动词＋主语——此句型只用于肯定句中，表示“某人或某物情况也是如此”。eg.Hehaslosttheaddress，andsohaveI.他丢了地址，我也是。在否定句中要用neither/nor＋be动词/助动词/情态动词＋主语。eg.Ifyoudon’tgotovisitourformerteacher，norwillI.如果你不去看望我们以前的老师，我也不去。[自主翻译]足球对我来说很重要，友谊也是如此。重点词汇1.IfeelbetrayedbymyfriendHannah.我感觉被我的朋友Hannah出卖了。(1)betrayvt.出卖，背叛；泄露；透露；显示betraysb.背叛某人betray...to...把……出卖/泄露给……(2)betrayaln.出卖，背叛(3)betrayern.背叛者，卖国贼(1)Hereyesbetrayedhersadness.她的双眼显示出了她的悲伤。(2)Foryearstheyhavebeenbetrayingstatesecretstotheenemy.他们多年来一直向敌国泄露国家机密。(3)Heisabetrayer，andallofushatedhisbetrayal.他是个卖国贼，我们都憎恨他的背叛。[单句改错](4)Themanwasbetrayedhimselfwhenheopenedhismouth.2.Afterwards，Ipretendedtobecheerful...后来，我假装很高兴……pretendvi.&vt.假装；装扮，扮作pretendtodo...假装做……pretendtobedoing...假装正在做……pretendtohavedone...假装做过……

(1)Sheclosedhereyesandpretendedtobeasleep.她闭上眼睛假装睡着了。(2)Hepretendedtobereadingwhenwecamein.当我们进来时，他假装正在读书。(3)Whenitestoputerscience，hepretendstohavelearned(learn)alot.当谈到电脑科学时，他假装已经学到了很多。[一句多译](4)这个人假装已经知道了那个消息。①Themanpretendedtohaveknownthenews.(简单句)②Themanpretendedthathehadknownthenews.(复合句)3IadmittedhowbadlyIhaddone.……我承认我做得(试卷)有多么糟糕。(1)admitvt.&vi.承认；准许某人进入，接纳admit(to)sth.承认……admit(to)doing...承认做……admit＋thatclause承认……admit＋n.＋tobe...承认……为……admit＋n.＋into/to...准许……进入……(2)admissionn.准许进入；承认注意：admit后不能接不定式作宾语。(1)Wehavetoadmitthathe’sahighlypetentman.我们不得不承认他是个非常能干的人。(2)Iadmittedmyselftobewrong.我承认自己错了。(3)Shedreamedofbeingadmittedinto/toPekingUniversity.她渴望被北京大学录取。(4)Hospitaladmission(admit)isnotnecessaryinmostcases.大多数情况下，病人无需住院。[句型转换](5)Headmittedthathehadmadeaseriousmistake.(改为简单句)→Headmittedhavingmade/makingaseriousmistake.4becauseshecouldn’tkeepherword.……因为她没信守诺言。(1)keepone’sword信守诺言＝keepone’spromisebreakone’sword违背诺言＝breakone’spromise(2)关于word的短语、句型知多少：inotherwords换句话说，也就是说inaword总之，一句话haveawordwithsb.和某人谈一谈havewordswithsb.与某人吵架Youhavemyword.我向你保证。(1)Joedoesn’tliketowork.Inotherwords，heislazy!Joe不喜欢工作。换句话说，他懒惰！(2)Inaword，practiceisfarmoreimportantthanbookknowledge.总之，实践远比书本知识重要。(3)Neverbreakyourword/promise，ornoonewilltrustyou.永远不要失信，否则没有人会相信你。(4)CanIhaveawordwithhimalone?我可以和他单独谈谈吗？(5)Hedidn’tkeephisword/promise，forwhichIhadwordswithhimlastnight.他没有信守诺言，为此昨晚我和他吵了一架。5.Theotherteamwassuperbandwereallyhadtofocus.另外一个组非常优秀，我们必须得集中精力。focusvt.&vi.集中注意力于……；使聚焦；n.焦点；重点focuson/upon集中于；以……为重点focusone’sattention/thoughtsonsth.集中某人的注意力/思想于某事注意：把注意力集中在某人/某物上的种种表达：focuson/uponfocusone’sattention/eyesonfixone’sattention/eyesonpayattentiontoconcentrateone’sattentionon(1)Ittookherafewminutesforhereyestofocusinthedark.过了好几分钟她的眼睛才适应了黑暗。(2)Thecoursefocusesonthreemaintopics.这门课程集中讨论了三个主要问题。(3)Intonight’sprogrammeourfocusisonEngland.在今晚的节目中我们的焦点是英国。(4)Theyfocusedalltheirattentiononfindingasolutiontotheproblem.他们集中全部注意力寻找解决这个问题的办法。[单句改错](5)Withhisattentioneq\f(focusing,focused)onhisstudy，heforgotthedatepletely.6.Hegotannoyed，sayingitwasn’thisfaultifhecouldn’tplayaswellasme，andthatIshouldn’ttalktohiminthismanner.他也被惹火了，说他的球技不如我不是他的错，还说我不该那样和他说话。(1)manner方式；方法；举止；态度inthismanner以这种方式(2)mannersn.[pl.]礼貌，规矩；风俗good/badmanners有/没礼貌It’sgood/badmannerstodosth.做某事是有/没礼貌的。注意：“用这种方式”可用以下短语表达：inthisway，withthismethod，bythismeans，inthismanner。(1)Shesmiledagaininafriendlymanner.她又友好地微笑了一下。[单句改错](2)Itisgoodeq\f(manner,manners)tosayhellotoyourneighbors.(3)Idon’twishyoutodiscussmychildreneq\f(with,in)arudemanner.7.IfeelreallyguiltybecauseImadesomecruelremarkstoo，butIdislikeseeingourteamlose.我感到很内疚，因为我也说了一些残酷无情的话，但我不喜欢看到我们队输球。guiltyadj.内疚的；有罪的be/feelguiltyaboutsth.对某事感到内疚beguiltyof犯有……罪的；有……过错的(1)Theyoungmanfeltguiltyabouthisdrunkdriving.这个年轻人对他的酒后驾驶感到内疚。(2)Accordingtothenewlaw，peoplewhoareguiltyofdrunkdrivingshallfaceafineofupto2,000yuan.根据新的法律，酒驾犯罪的人将面临高达2000元的罚款。

[单句改错](3)Themanwasfoundguiltyeq\f(for,of)murder，andhewascondemnedtodeath.(1)remarkon/uponsb./sth.对某人/某事进行评论remarkthat...评论……makeremarksaboutsb./sth.对某人/某事进行评论(2)remarkableadj.显著的，奇特的(3)remarkablyadv.引人注目地；非常地(4)Thejudgeremarkedonthehighstandardofentriesforthepetition.评委说明了参赛的高标准。(5)Theymaderuderemarksaboutherappearance.他们对她的外表横加粗暴的评论。(6)Theareaisremarkableforitsscenery.这一地区以其优美的景色而引人注目。(7)Thecarisinremarkablygoodconditionforitsage.就年龄而言，这辆车的状况良好。[单句改错](8)Aftertheusualgreetingsandsomeeq\f(remark,remarks)abouttheweather，themengotdowntotheirownbusiness.dislikedoingsth.不喜欢做某事dislikeitwhen...不喜欢……注意：动词dislike，like，love，hate，enjoy，appreciate等后面要先加it作形式宾语，再跟宾语从句。(9)Idislikebeingthecentreofattention.我不喜欢成为人们关注的焦点。(10)I’dappreciateitifyoucouldgivemeanearlyreply.如果您能够早些给我答复，我将不胜感激。(11)Ienjoyitwhentheskyisclearandblueinautumn.我喜欢秋天天高气爽的时候。[单句改错](12)Idislikeeq\f(that,it)whenyouspeakloudlyinpublic.

8.Sinceweargued，hehasn’tspokentomeeventhoughwesitnexttoeachotherinclass.自从我们争吵后，即使我们在教室里相邻而坐，他也不和我说话。(1)arguevi.争吵，争论argueabout/over...争论……arguewith...与……争论arguefor...赞成……，力主……argueagainst...反对……(2)argumentn.争论；论据；理由(1)Theyarearguingabout/overthedetailsofthecontract.他们正在为合同的细节争执不下。(2)HearguesforcloninghumanbeingswhileI’magainstit.他赞成克隆人类，然而我反对。(3)Theissuehascausedheatedargument.这个问题已经引发了激烈的争论。[句型转换](4)Theyhadpowerfulargumentsagainstreleasingthemfromprison.→Theystronglyarguedagainstreleasingthemfromprison.9.Thethingshesaidhurtmetoo，buthehasnotapologizedtome.他说的话也伤了我的心，但他还没向我道歉。(1)apologizevi.道歉apologizetosb.for(doing)sth.因(做)某事向某人道歉(2)apologyn.道歉makeanapologytosb.for(doing)sth.因(做)某事向某人道歉owesb.anapology应向某人道歉(1)MrHarrisapologizedtotheladyforwhathischildrenhaddone.因为孩子们的所作所为，哈里斯先生向这位女士道歉。(2)Jack，youoweyoursisteranapologyforlosingheredictionary.杰克，你应该为弄丢了你姐姐的电子词典向她道歉。[一句多译](3)他因没有去参加她的派对向她道歉。①Heapologizedtoherfornotgoingtoherparty.(apologize)②Hemadeanapologytoherfornotgoingtoherparty.(apology)10.Wasitbecauseyouwereashamedofyourhorriblegrade，orbecauseyouenviedher？是因为你对自己糟糕的分数感到羞愧，还是因为你忌妒她？envyvt.&n.忌妒，羡慕envysb.sth.忌妒/羡慕某人某事feelenvyat...对……感到忌妒/羡慕betheenvyof...是令……忌妒/羡慕的对象(1)Theyenvyhimhisgoodfortune.他们羡慕他的好运气。(2)Hefeltenvyatmysuccess.他对我的成功感到羡慕。(3)Hisnewhouseistheenvyofallhisfriends.他的新房子是他所有朋友们羡慕的对象。[一句多译](4)我们不需要妒忌任何人，因为我们的存在是独一无二的。①Wedonotneedtoenvyanyotherperson，forourexistenceisactuallyunique！(envyv.)②Wedonotneedtofeelenvyatanyotherperson，forourexistenceisactuallyunique！(envyn.)11.Whileitmayfeelcruel，ifshereallyisyourbestfriendyoushouldapologizeforblamingher.即使这让人感到残酷，但如果她真的是你的好朋友，你应当为你责备她而道歉。blamevt.责备，指责；n.坏事或错事的责任；责备，指责blamesb.for...因……责备某人blamesth.on...把某事归咎于……betoblameforsth.应为某事受到责备，应对某事负责任(1)Astothedownsideoftheshoppingcarnival，itwouldbeunfairtoblameconsumersforthehighvolumeofwaste.至于购物狂欢的弊端，指责消费者制造了大量垃圾是不公平的。(2)Thepoliceblamedtheaccidentondangerousdriving.警察把事故原因归咎于危险驾驶。(3)You，nothim，aretoblame.应受责备的是你而不是他。[单句改错](4)Thespokesmansaidthatthepoorsafetystandardsweretoblameeq\f(to,for)lastSunday’saccident.

12.TalktoyourfriendandI’msurethat，beforelong，you’llbebackplayingfootballtogether.跟你的朋友谈谈，我敢确定，不久之后，你们会重新一起踢足球。(1)beforelong是介词短语，在句中作时间状语，意为“不久之后，很快”，常用于一般将来时或一般过去时。(2)longbefore一般用作副词短语，意为“很久以前”，多用于完成时态；有时longbefore可分开理解，before作介词或连词，后接短语或句子。(1)Hisplanseemedtobetoodifficult，butbeforelongitprovedtobepracticable.他的计划看起来太困难，但是没多久就被证明很实用。(2)Thathadhappenedlongbefore.那事老早就发生了。(3)Hehadworkedinthefactorylongbeforehegotmarried.在他结婚以前他就在这家工厂工作很久了。(4)Itwon’tbelongbeforeeveryoneestorealizethedangerofairpollution.不久每个人就都会意识到空气污染的危险。[单句改错](5)Itwasn’tlongeq\f(when,before)theworkerhadthemachinetakenapart.经典句式1.Imusthavesoundedveryproudofmyselfafterthequiz...考试之后，我一定是听上去洋洋得意……musthavedone表示对过去做过的事情的肯定推测，意为“过去肯定做过……”；mustbedoing意为“肯定正在做……”；mustdo意为“肯定……”。在疑问句和否定句中要用can或could代替must。(1)HeknowsmuchaboutFrance.Hemusthavebeenthere.他对法国了解很多，他肯定去过那儿。(2)Heisnothere.Hemustbeplayingfootballoutside.他不在这儿，他一定正在外面踢足球。(3)Youlooklikeeachother.Youmustbetwins.你们长得很像，肯定是双胞胎。[单句改错](4)Hisplanfailedtomeetwiththeboss’approval，sohemusteq\o(\s\up7(∧),\s\do5(be))sadnow.2IcannothelpwonderingifhewantsPetertobehisbestfriendinsteadofme.……我忍不住想他是不是想让彼得取代我做他最好的朋友。cannothelpdoingsth.忍不住做某事，无法控制做某事can’thelpbutdosth.不得不做某事can’thelptodosth.不能帮忙做某事(1)Whenourcountrycallsusforhelp，wecan’thelpbutgo.当祖国需要我们时，我们必须全力以赴。(2)Ican’thelp(to)dosomecleaningbecauseIambusypreparingfortheentranceexams.我不能帮忙打扫卫生了，因为我正忙着准备入学考试。[单句改错](3)WhenIsawthescene，Icouldn’thelpeq\f(laugh,laughing).Ⅰ.单句语法填空1.Ifeelguilty(guilt)becauseIcan’tspareenoughtimetospendwithmyfamily.2.It’sbadmannerstoshoutattheoldman.Youshouldapologize(apology)tohim.3.—Ihadthoughthewouldbenervousinthisspeechpetition，butheturnedouttobecalm.—Hemusthavedonequiteenoughpreparationforit.4.—Areyouaccusingmeoflying?—Butyouractionsaren’tconsistentwithyourwords.5.Myuncleisadetermined(determine)manwhonevergivesintodifficulties.6.Thethiefadmittedhavingstolen/stealing(steal)thebike.7.Wearguedhimoutofclimbing(climb)aloneinsuchbadweather.8.Whenthewomanheardthesadnews，shecouldn’thelpcrying(cry).9.It’sbadmannerstostareatsomeoneinpublic.10.Let’scleantheboarddownbeforewepaintit.Ⅱ.完成句子11.昨晚一定下雨了，因为地面是湿的。Itmusthaverainedlastnight，forthegroundiswet.12.他太孤独了，不想再在这儿待下去了。Hefeelssolonelythathewon’tstayhereanymore.13.我情不自禁地想象他们那时的日子多么艰辛啊！Ican’thelpimagininghowhardtheirlifewasatthattime!14.如果这样的话，谁接替他的工作是个问题。Ifso，whowilltakeoverhisjobisaproblem.15.你去过那儿，我也去过。Youhavebeenthere，andsohaveI.Ⅲ.课文语法填空ASecretsandliesIfeel16.betrayed(betray)bymyfriend.Wehavebeenbestfriendssinceprimaryschool.OnMonday，wehad17.asurprisemathquiz.Ifailed.Ifeltsoashamed.Imustbereallystupid18.tofail(fail)asimplemathquiz.Ididn’twantotherstoknowthat.Ipretended19.tobe(be)cheerful，butHannahsensedsomethingwaswrong.Itoldherthe20.truth(true).IadmittedhowbadlyIhaddone.Ibeggedhernottotellanyoneelseandshesaidshewouldkeepmysecret.21.Tomysurprise，thenextday，Inoticedthatmyclassmateswerestaringatme.Iwassoupset22.thatIfeltlikecrying.IthoughtthatHannahmust23.havetold(tell)othersaboutmygradeafterpromisingnotto.IwassoangrythatIwenttoherandblamedher24.becauseshecouldn’tkeepherword.Shesaidthatshehadn’ttoldanyone.ButIdidn’tbelieveher25.explanation(explain).Idon’tthinkIcanevertrulyforgiveher.BAfriendshipintroubleIhaveaproblem.Mybestfriendhasstopped26.talking(talk)tome.Wehavebeenbestfriends.Lastweek，wehadamatch27.againstanotherschool.Matthewwasplayingbadly.Hecouldn’tkeeppacewiththegame，andas28.aresultofhiscarelessplayingwelost.Ithoughthewasnottryinghardenoughandhegot29.annoyed(annoy)，saying30.itwasn’thisfaultandIshouldn’ttalktohiminthismanner.Thenwebothstartedshoutingateachother.Heaccusedme31.ofsomereallybadthingsjusttohurtme.IfeelreallyguiltybecauseImadesomecruel32.remarks(remark)，too.Wehaven’ttalkedwitheachothereversince.Yesterday，Isawhimtalkingtoanotherboy，andIcan’thelp33.wondering(wonder)ifhewantstheboytobehisbestfriendinsteadofme.Itoldmybrotheraboutthequarrel,34.buthesaidMatthewisjusttoosensitiveandperhapsalittlebitterbecauseIamreally35.athletic(athlete)andgoodatfootball，andhesuggestedthatIfindanotherfriend.Ⅰ.阅读理解A(2018·河北邯郸高二期中)JohnandMaryhadanicehomeandtwolovelychildren.JohnhadjustbeenaskedtogoonabusinesstriptoanothercityforseveraldaysandMarywouldgowithhimtoo.Theyhiredareliablewomantocarefortheirchildrenandreturnedhomealittleearlierthantheyhadplanned.Astheydroveintotheirhometown，theyfoundahomeonfire.Afterhavingalook，Marysaid，“Ohwell，itisn’tourfire.Let’sgohome.”ButJohndrovecloserandsaid，“ThathomebelongstoFredJoneswhowouldn’tbeoffworkyet.Maybethereissomethingwecoulddo.”Johnnoticedanoldladyscreamedtohim，“Thechildren!Getthechildren！”Johngrabbed(抓住)herbytheshouldersaying，“Getaholdofyourselfandtelluswherethechildrenare！”“Inthebasement，”criedthelady.InspiteofMary’sdisagreement，Johnsoaked(浸湿)hisclothesandrantothebasementwhichwasfullofsmoke.Hefoundthedoorandgrabbedtwochildren.Ashelefthecouldhearsomemorecry.Hesentthetwobadlyfrightenedchildrenintothewaitingroomandaskedhowmanymorechildrenweredownthere.TheytoldhimtwomoreandMarygrabbedhisarmandscreamed，“John!Don’tgoback!It’sdangerous!Thathousewillfalldowninanysecond！”Butheshookheroffandwentback.Itseemedaverylongtimebeforehefoundbothchildrenandstartedback.Asheclimbeduptheendlessstepsthethoughtwentthroughhismindthattherewassomethingstrangelyfamiliaraboutthelittlebodiesnexttohim，andatlastwhentheycameoutintothesunlightandfreshair，hefoundthathehadjustrescuedhisownchildren.Thebabysitterhadleftthematthishomewhileshedidsomeshopping.语篇解读本文是一篇记叙文。约翰和玛丽夫妇外出回来，突然发现一家人的屋子起火了。玛丽说不是自己家的房子起火要约翰快点离开，而约翰却执意要去帮忙并救了那一家的孩子们，却意外地发现自己的孩子也在那些孩子里面。1.TheoldladyscreamedtoJohnto.A.askhimtogetawayfromthefireB.askforhishelptosavethechildrenC.askhimtorescueherfromthefireD.askhimtotakeoutvaluablethingsfromthefire答案B解析细节理解题。根据第三段第一句“Johnnoticedanoldladyscreamedtohim，‘Thechildren!Getthechildren！’”可知老妇人向John尖叫是为了让他救孩子。故选B。2.WhatwasMary’sresponsetoJohn’saction?A.Shedisagreedwithit.B.Shesupportedit.C.Shewasunconcernedaboutit.D.Shemisunderstoodit.答案A解析细节理解题。根据第四段第一句“InspiteofMary’sdisagreement，Johnsoaked(浸湿)hisclothesandrantothebasementwhichwasfullofsmoke.”可知Mary对John行为的反应是不同意。故选A。3.WhatwasthehouselikebeforeJohnwentbackonceagain?A.Itwasclean.B.Itwasburneddown.C.Itwasdangerous.D.Itwasunderrepair.答案C解析细节理解题。根据第四段最后“Marygrabbedhisarmandscreamed，‘John!Don’tgoback!It’sdangerous!Thathousewillfalldowninanysecond！’”可知，John再回去之前房子是危险的，故选C。4.Whichofthefollowingcanbeconcludedfromthestory?A.Twoheadsarebetterthanone.B.Wherethereisawill，thereisaway.C.Helpingothersmeanshelpingourselves.D.Godhelpsthosewhohelpthemselves.答案C解析推理判断题。根据最后一段倒数第二句中“hefoundthathehadjustrescuedhisownchildren”可知他发现他救了他自己的孩子。由此可推知这个故事告诉我们：帮助别人就是帮助自己。故选C。B(2017·河南天一大联考高二段考)TenyearoldLenaDraperdecidedtoreachouttotheMarionPoliceDepartmentonFacebookaftergettingstuckonthemathsquestions.Insteadofignoringherrequest，OhioofficerLieutenantdidhisbesttolendahand.Lenainformedthepolicemanthatshewasstuckontheproblem(8＋29)×15.Hequicklyresponded：“Dothenumbersintheparentheses(括号)firstsoinfactitwouldbe37×15.”Aftersettlingthefirstquestion，LieutenantGruberwasgivenamoredifficulttask.Lenaaskedhimfortheanswerto(90＋27)＋(29＋15)×2.Theconfidentofficerrespondedwithwhathebelievedtobethecorrectanswer，advising:“Taketheanswerfromthefirstparenthesesplustheanswerfromthesecondparenthesesandmultiplythatanswerbytwo.Worklefttorightdoingtheworkinparenthesesfirst.”Butembarrassingly，Facebookuserswerequicktonoticethathismathssolvingdidn’tquiteaddup.Tosolvetheproblem，youmustactuallyaddthenumbersinthesecondparenthesesandmultiplytheanswerbytwo，beforeaddingthenumbersinthefirstsetofbrackets.Lena’smumMollysaid，“Ididn’tbelieveheratfirst.Ithoughtitwasprettyfunny.Iwashappy，butnotsurprisedthattheyrespondedsoquickly.Theyarewonderfulwiththeirmunicationwiththemunity.”AfterLieutenantGruberwastoldaboutthemistake，hejoked：“HopingitistrulythethoughtthatcountssinceobviouslyIcan’t!Especiallysincetheanswerwaswrong，itwasveryniceforMollytorecognizeourattempttohelpherdaughterwithsomemathshomework.”It’snotthefirsttimethatadultshavebeenleftfeelingtrappedbyamathsassignmentaimedatkids.语篇解读本文主要讲述了中尉在脸谱网上努力帮助小女孩解决数学问题的故事，虽然答案错了，但孩子母亲很感激他的努力。5.Whatisthetextmainlyabout?A.Anewjobisaddedtothepolice.B.Anewapproachtomathsproblemsolving.C.TheMarionPoliceDepartment’sFacebookpage.D.Apolicemanhelpsagirlwithhermathsproblems.答案D解析主旨大意题。本文主要讲述了中尉在脸谱网上努力帮助小女孩解决数学问题的故事。故选D。6.Accordingtothepoliceman，theresultofthesecondproblemis.A.205 B.322C.456 D.555答案B解析数字计算题。根据第三段中他的建议“Taketheanswerfromthefirstparenthesesplustheanswerfromthesecondparenthesesandmultiplythatanswerbytwo.”可知，中尉认为解题方法是：第一个括号的计算结果加上第二个括号的结果，然后再乘以二，即(90＋27)＋(29＋15)＝161,161×2＝322。故选B。7.Whatcanweinferfromthelastparagraph?A.Someadultsaretoostupidtohelpkidswiththeirhomework.B.Somehomeworkforchildrenisnotaseasyasitappears.C.ItisstupidforLieutenantGrubertomakethemistake.D.Kidsoftenaskthepolicetohelpthemwiththeirhomework.答案B解析推理判断题。最后一段“It’snotthefirsttimethatadultshavebeenleftfeelingtrappedbyamathsassignmentaimedatkids.”表明成人不止一次被给孩子们做的数学题绊住，由此可推知，现在一些给孩子们的作业并不像看起来那么简单。故选B。Ⅱ.完形填空(2018·江西赣州十四县高二期中)Asthesayinggoes，rosesgiven，fragranceinhand.Iamalwaysinthe8ofgivingmoneytoeverybeggarorhomelesspersonIpassby.Myfriendssayitisnotgoodto9.Wemayeacrossbeggarsorhomelesspeoplebeggingeverydayandallbeggarshavetheirabilitytosurvive.It10themthatIneverlisten.Ona11day，myfriendandIwerewalkingtothebusstop12Ipassedabeggarlady.Ihadseenherseveraltimesbeforeandhadalwaysgivenherafew13.Thatday，Igaveher2Euros.IwaswaitingforthebusandreadingabookwhenI14toseethatladystandinginfrontofme.She15meapieceofpapercoveredinaplasticbagtopreventitfromgetting16.Shestoodthere，lookingatme17.Puttingawaymybook，Itookthepaper，which18sheandherfamilyhadto19theircountrybecauseoffloods，andshewas20tosupportthem.Shehadgotabitofmoney，butsheneededfive21Eurostogethome.I22intomypocketsandfound20cents.Myfriend23a5Euronote.Iaskedher