2024届广东广州市高考适应性考试英语试卷含解析

2024届广东广州市高考适应性考试英语试卷考生须知：1．全卷分选择题和非选择题两部分，全部在答题纸上作答。选择题必须用2B铅笔填涂；非选择题的答案必须用黑色字迹的钢笔或答字笔写在“答题纸”相应位置上。2．请用黑色字迹的钢笔或答字笔在“答题纸”上先填写姓名和准考证号。3．保持卡面清洁，不要折叠，不要弄破、弄皱，在草稿纸、试题卷上答题无效。第一部分（共20小题，每小题1.5分，满分30分）1．Markdriveshiscartoofastand,what’smore,verycarelessly,worrieshismother.AasA．what B．it C．which2．LiHua____hismoneyfordollarsbeforehewentonaholidayinAmerica.A．exchangesB．hasexchangedC．willexchangeD．hadexchanged3．--Mum,Idon’tthinkIamqualifiedenoughtodothis.--Honey,beconfident!Youshouldknowitis____amanthinksofhimself___reallydetermineshisfate.A．that;thatB．how;thatC．what;thatD．how;that4．TomlookedatJenny,withtears_______hiseyes,andshoutedoutthewords_______inhisheartforyears.A．filling;havingbeenhiddenB．filled;hiddenC．filling;hiddenD．filled;hiding5．Zhouqu,Gansuwasattackedbysuchaterriblemud-rockflowfewresidentshadeverexperiencedbefore.A．as B．which C．where D．that6．When____tofeelunworthy,childrenoftenworkextrahardtopleasetheirparents．A．tomake B．making C．made D．havingmade7．Andrewlivesaloneandenjoysthecompanyofapetcat_______he’sgrownsofond.A．which B．inwhichC．ofwhich D．when8．Weshouldgobybus______wecangetthereearlier.A．assoonasB．whereC．inorderthatD．when9．—Cathy,inmyopinion,isvery________.—Absolutely!Sheprefershomelifetogoingout.A．domestic B．energeticC．dynamic D．enthusiastic10．Totellthetruth,Ididn’texpectthatthereweresomanypeople______theidea.A．supportedB．supportingC．tosupportD．havingsupported11．Inthismoviegoingseason,womenaredrivingticketsalestoadegree,ifever,seenbefore.A．really B．frequentlyC．rarely D．never12．---MyGod!Ihaven’tpreparedthefilesforthenewprojectyet!---_______.Thebosswon’tneedituntilnextFriday.A．There’snodoubt B．There’snopanic C．Goodluck D．Soundsgood13．________theychooseChinesecompanyisthatChinahasthemostadvancedtechnologyofhighspeedrailwayintheworld.A．When B．ThatC．Where D．Why14．Notevenwhen_____throughthedarkestvalley_____beafraid,foryouarealwaysclosebesideme.A．doIwalk;willIB．doIwalk;IwillC．Iwalk;IwillD．Iwalk;willI15．Tianjinsoccerfanswonderhowlongitwillbe______thepopularsoccerstar—SunkecanappearinthefieldsinTianjinasamemberofTianjinTianhaisoccerteam.A．before B．sinceC．until D．where16．Ihavetorescheduletheappointmentwithyousincethereisa______inmyarrangement.A．contract B．contrast C．connection D．conflict17．—That'sthethirdtimeyou'vedonethat!—Yeah,_____?A．whatofitB．what’sonC．whataboutD．whatfor18．________inthelastexamination,shewasmoreconfidentofanothersuccessinthecomingone.A．Tosucceed B．Tohavesucceeded C．Havingsucceeded D．succeeding19．Thesurveyshowsthatspeedatleast30percentofroadtrafficanddeaths.A．contributestoB．resultsfromC．liesinD．relieson20．--Ipreferacomputermadeinyourcompany,butImayneedsomemoreinformationabouttheproduct.--______.A．Thankyou B．It’sapleasureC．Youarewelcome D．Atyourservice第二部分阅读理解（满分40分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。21．（6分）Haveyoueverpressedthepedestrianbuttonatacrosswalkandwonderedifitreallyworked?They’recalled“placebo(安慰剂）buttons”一buttonsthatmechanicallysoundandcanbepushed，butprovidenofunctionality.InNewYorkCity,onlyabout2ofthe1,000crosswalkbuttonsactuallyfunction.Crosswalksignalsweregenerallyinstalledbeforetrafficjamhadreachedtoday’slevels.Butwhiletheirfunctionwastakenoverbymoreadvancedsystems—suchasautomatedlightsortrafficsensors—thephysicalbuttonswereoftenkept,ratherthanbeingreplacedatfurtherexpense.Othercities，suchasBoston，DallasandSeattle，havegonethroughasimilarprocess,leavingthemwiththeirownplacebopedestrianbuttons.InLondon,whichhas6,000trafficsignals,pressingthepedestrianbuttonresultsinareliable“Wait”light.Butthatdoesn’tnecessarilymeanthatthe“greenman”—or“pedestrianstage”intrafficsignaldesignprofession—willappearanysooner.“Wedohavesomecrossingswherethegreenlightcomesonautomatically,butwestillaskpeopletopressthebuttonbecausethatenablesaccessiblefeatures,’’saidGlynnBarton,directorofnetworkmanagementatTransportforLondon.Thesefeatures,suchasblindtracksandhearabletrafficsignals,helppeoplewithvisualdisordercrosstheroadandonlyfunctionwhenthebuttonispressed.Asforthelights,agrowingnumberofthemarenowcombinedandbecomeapartofanelectronicsystemthatdetectstrafficandadjuststimefrequencyaccordingly(givingprioritytobusesifthey’rerunninglate,forexample),whichmeansthatpressingthebuttonhasnoeffect.AccordingtoLanger,aHarvardpsychologist,placebobuttonsgiveustheillusion(错觉)ofcontrol—andsomethingtodoinsituationswherethealternativewouldbedoingnothing.Inthecaseofpedestriancrossings,theymayevenmakeussaferbyforcingustopayattentiontooursurroundings.“Theyserveapsychologicalpurposeattheveryleast,”sheadded.1、Whyarethephysicalbuttonsstillkeptinsomecities?A．Becauseitmaycostmoneytoreplacethem.B．Becausetheyremainasmemoriesofacity.C．Becausedohaverealfunctionsintraffic.D．Becausetheycanresultinreliablelights.2、Whichofthefollowingwordcanreplacetheunderlineword“features”inParagraph4?A．Functions. B．Uses.C．Equipment. D．Facilities.3、Ifyoupresseda“placebobutton”inLondon,whatwouldhappen?A．Alltrafficwouldbeaffected. B．Somekindofsoundmightappear.C．Pedestrianscamefirsttocrosstheroad. D．“Greenman”wereboundtoshowupearlier.4、Whatcanweknowabout“placebobuttons”fromLanger’swords?A．Theycanreallycontroltraffic. B．Theyservelittlefunctions.C．Theymayworkmentally. D．Theycanhelptheblind.22．（8分）Mexicositesonanislandplateau(高原)surroundedbyvolcanicpeaks,whichmakesairqualityaconstantconcernforpeoplewholivethere.InApril,thecountrytookadecisivesteptowardimprovingairqualitybyenactingatemporarybanonprivateandFederalvehiclesinthecity.TheruleforbidspeoplefromdrivinginthecityonedayeachweekandoneSaturdayeachmonth.Electricvehicles,governmentservicevehicles,publictransportoptionsandschoolbusesarenotincludedintheban.MexicoCityisn’tthefirsturbancentertobeinvolvedincar-freeliving.Butthebanismorethananawareness-raiser.Itwasenactedwiththedirectaimofsolvingairpollution.InMarch,thecitysankintoadeepbrownhazeofsmogwhenthepollutionlevelspassedthe200mark.Thecityorderedsome1.1mofthearea’s4.7mcarsoffthestreetsandalsoofferedfreebusandsubwayrides.MexicoCity’stemporaryvehiclebanraisesquestionsaboutthebestwaystoimproveurbanairquality.India,whosecitizensbreathesomeoftheworld’sdirtiestair,hastriedavarietyofsolutions.Earlierthisyear,theIndiangovernmentstarteda4%salestaxonnew-carpurchases.Beijingalsohasexperiencewithcleaningtheair.Thecityintroducedalternate-dayrulesinadvanceofthe2008OlympicGames,whichproducedgoodresults.AndthenthereistheLondoncongestion(拥挤)charge,introducedin2003.Thechargehashadameasurableeffectonairquality.Fornow,MexicoCity—namedbytheUnitedNationsasthemostpollutedcityontheplanetin1992—canlookforwardtothestartoftheregion’srainyseason,whendailyshowerswillhelplocleantheair.1、HowdidMexicobanvehiclesinthecity?A．BybanningprivateandFederalvehiclesonedayaweek.B．ByforbiddingprivateandpublicvehicleseverySaturday.C．Bylimitingthenumberofnewcars.D．Byprohibitingthevehiclesexceptpublicones.2、WhatdidthegovernmentofMexicodowhencarryingoutthebanonvehicles?A．Raisedthenumberofpublicvehicles.B．Offeredfreebusandsubwayrides.C．Introducedmoretraveloptions.D．Encouragedcitizenstoleavethecity.3、WhatmaycontributetoimprovingtheairqualityinMexico?A．Alternate-dayrules.B．Taxrises.C．Congestioncharge.D．Therainyseason.4、What’sthebesttitleforthepassage?A．Mexico—anIslandPlateauB．AVarietyofBansonVehiclesinMexicoC．ShouldCitiesBeCar-freeZonesD．HowtoImproveAirQuality23．（8分）IntheshorttimeSteveandZachhadbeeninsidetheirtentpackingtheirtools,wind-blownflamehadskippedfromthetopofonetreetoanother.Thelongdrysummerhadturnedtheforestintoatinderbox.“Let’sgo!Wecanmakeitbacktotheriverwecrossedtoday!”StevekeptBradyontheleadandtheirheadsdownagainstthefire-wind.ButBradybarkedasharpwarning.Aheadofthemlayathickcurtainofsmokeacrossthetrack.Theywouldnevermakeitthroughthat.Thedogwaspullingathisleadtryingtodrawthemawayfromthesmoke,andyetStevewasuneasy.Itseemedtohimthattheyweremovingawayfromtheriver.Suddenly,Zachcried.“Zach!”Steveshouted.“AreyouOK?Whereareyou?”ThenBradypulledStevedownasharpslope(坡).Atitsbase,Zachwasrubbinghisankle.AsStevehelpedhisfriendtohisfeet,Bradyliftedhisheadandsnuffed(嗅)thesmoke-ladenwind.Nextmoment,thedogboundedawayanddisappeared.Theboysshoutedforhim,buthedidn’tcomeback.Stevecouldn’tblameBradyforpanicking.Hehimselfwantedtoruneventhoughhedidn’thaveacluewhichway.SteveandZachhadn’tgonefarwhentherewasafamiliarbark,andBradycamebounding,stoppeddirectlyinfrontofSteveandhithimwithhishead,pushinghimbacktowardtheslopethey’djustclimbed.ButStevedidn’tgetit.ThenBradygrabbedtheboy’sjeansandstartedpulling.Themessagewasclear,butStevehesitated.OfcourseherememberedBradysavinghisuncle’slifewhenthedogwasmuchyounger.Washestillsharpenoughtogetthemthroughthis?Nearby,apinewentupinawhooshofsmoke.Bradypulledagain,urgently.“OK,bigguy,”Stevegritted(咬紧牙关).Bradyledthembackdowntheslopeandintothetrees.Notfarfromthemfirewastouchingunderbrush.Severaltimesthebigdogstopped.Oftenhechangeddirections.Stevewassotiredthathejustwantedtorest,butBradywouldn’thaveit.Thedogbulliedbothboystogoon.Howlongthey’dwalkedStevehadnoidea.Hewasalmostnumbwhenheheardit—thewonderfulsoundofrushingwater!1、WhathappenedtoSteveandZachatfirst?A．Theygotinjured. B．Theylosttheirdog.C．Theyweretrapped. D．Theybecameseparated.2、Bradyranawayto______.A．seekhelp B．findawayoutC．rescueZach D．escapeforlife3、HowdidStevefeelafterBradypulledhisjeans?A．Uneasy. B．Impatient.C．Numb. D．Uncertain.4、Thepassagebasicallydescribes________.A．anadventure B．anexplorationC．anescapegame D．atrainingprogram24．（8分）Toerrishuman.Societyissufferingfromaninabilitytoacknowledgeasmuch.Forindividuals,errorsarepainful.Thetrick,then,istoerrwell:torecognizemistakesandlearnfromthem.Worryingly,humanitymaybegettingworseatadmittingitsmistakes.Fewenjoythefeelingofbeingcaughtoutinanerror.Butrealtroublestartswhenthedesiretoavoidapunishmentleadstoarefusaltodealwithcontraryevidence.Economistsoftenassumethatpeoplearesensible.Whenfacedwithanewfact,thesepeopleshouldupdatetheirviewoftheworldtotakebetterdecisionsinfuture.Yetyearsofeconomicresearchconfirmsthatpeoplefrequentlydisregardinformationthatconflictswiththeirviewoftheworld.Whyshouldthatbe?LastyearRolandBenabou,ofPrinceton,presentedaframeworkforthinkingabouttheproblem.Inmanyways,beliefsarelikeothereconomicgoods.Peoplespendtimeandresourcesbuildingthem,andgetvaluefromthem:somebeliefsmakeownersfeelgoodandshowtheirpublicidentity;otherbeliefsprovidevaluebyshapingbehavior—forexample,religiousasceticism(禁欲主义)canhelponeavoidunhealthyhabits.Becausebeliefs,however,arenotsimplytoolsformakinggooddecisions,butaretreasuredintheirownright,newinformationthatchallengesthemisunwelcome.Peopleoftenengagein“motivatedreasoning”tomanagesuchchallenges.MrBenabouclassifiesthisintothreecategories.“Strategicignorance”iswhenabelieveravoidsinformationofferingconflictingevidence.In“realitydenial”，troublingevidenceisrationalized(合理化)：realestateinvestorsmightmakeupfancifultheoriesforwhypricesshouldbehaveunusually,andsupportersofadisgracedpoliticianmightclaimthenegativenewstobefake.Andlastly,in“self­signalling”，thebelievercreateshisowntoolstointerpretthefactsinthewayhewants:anunhealthyperson,forexample,mightdecidethatgoingforadailyrunprovesheiswell.“Motivatedreasoning”isacognitivebias(偏见).Notalltheerrorsitleadstoarecostly:praisingtheperformanceofone'ssupportedfootballteamdespitecontradictoryevidencedoeslittleharm.Butwhenbiasesarebroadlyshared—withinfinancialworldorpoliticalparties—dangerarises.Motivatedreasoninghelpsexplainwhyviewpointspolarize(两极分化)evenasinformationismoreeasilyavailablethaneverbefore.WorkbyMrBenabousuggeststhatgroupthinkishighestwhenpeoplewithingroupsfaceasharedfate:whenchoosingtobreakfromagroupisunlikelytospareanindividualthecostsofthegroup'serrorsorbringmuchindividualbenefit.Theincentive(动力)toengageinmotivatedreasoningishighasaresult.Evenasthefactonaparticularissueisobvious,partiescanstillbecomeincreasinglypolarized.That,inturn,canmakeitharderstillforamemberofonepartytogetanybenefitfrombreakingfromagroup.Indeed,thegrouphasanincentivetosilenceindependentvoices.Publicstatementsofregretareriskyinarigidlypolarizedworld.Admissionsoferrorcannotonlyannoypartnersbutalsoprovideopportunitiesforopponents.Butitisrarelyintheinterestofthoseintherighttopretendthattheyareneverwrong.1、Accordingtothepassage,beliefsaresimilartoeconomicgoodsinthat________．A．bothareentertainingandvaluableB．bothcanbeshapedbyreligiousfaithC．bothcanreflectwhotheownersareD．bothpromotereligiousdevelopment2、Whichofthefollowingisanexampleof“self­signalling”？A．Afanspeakshighlyofhisteamalthoughithasjustlostthegame.B．Amancovershisearswhenstealingabell,believingthebellwon'tring.C．SupportersofTrumpbelievethenewsabouthisaffairswithaladyisfake.D．SuspectedAIDScarriersrefusetobetestedthoughitcanbedoneforfree.3、WhatcanbeinferredfromParagraphs6and7?A．Polarizationcausesindividualstobreakfromthegroup.B．Richersourcesofinformationdecreasemotivatedreasoning.C．Individualswithindependentvoicesaredismissedfromthegroup.D．Individualsinagroupengageinmotivatedreasoningfortheirowninterests.4、Whichofthefollowingopinionsmighttheauthoragreewith?A．Denyingerrorsisunavoidable.B．Failuretoadmiterrorsisharmful.C．Humansaregettingbetteraterringwell.D．Wisepeopleignorecontraryworldviews.25．（10分）ThetheatreinShakespeare’stimewasmuchdifferentthanitistoday.Authorswroteplaysforthemasses,especiallythosewhocouldn’treadorwrite.ThetheatrechangedalotduringShakespeare’slifetime.Theauthoritiesdidn’tlikeitanddidn’tallowactinginthecityitself:Theythoughtithadabadinfluenceonpeopleandkeptthemfromgoingtochurch.QueenElizabeth,ontheotherhand,lovedactingandhelpedthetheatrebecomepopular.ThetheatreinShakespeare’stimewasfulloflife.Peopledidnotsitallthetimeanditwasnotquietduringtheperformance.Theaudiencecouldwalkaround,eatanddrinkduringtheplay.Theaterswereopenarenasorplayhousesthathadroomforuptothreethousandpeople.Therewasalmostnoscenerybecausethedialoguewasthemostimportantpartoftheplay.Colourfulandwell-designedcostumeswereveryimportantandtoldthepeopleaboutthestatusofacharacter.Womenneverperformedinplays,80youngboysplayedfemalecharacters.Theperformancestookplaceintheafternoonbecauseitwastoodarkatnight.Therewasnostagecrewasthereistoday.Actorshadtodoeverythingthemselves-frommakingcostumestosettingthestage.Playswereorganizedbyactingcompanies.Theyperformedabout6differentplayseachweekbecausetheyneededmoneytosurvive.Theyhadalmostnotimetorehearse(排练).ThecompaniesinShakespeare’stimehadaranksystem.Thecompanybelongedtoshareholdersandmanagers.Theywereresponsibleforeverythingandgotmostofthemoneywhenthecompanywassuccessful.Sometimestheyevenownedtheirownbuildings.Actorsworkedforthemanagersandaftersometimebecameapermanentmemberofthecompany.Apprentices(学徒)wereyoungboysandwereallowedtoactinunimportantrole.Theyalsoplayedfemalecharactersinplays.1、Whywasthetheatrebannedbytheauthorities?A．Itwasmuchdifferentthanbefore.B．Theythoughtitaffectedpeoplenegatively.C．Theythoughtitkeptpeoplegoingtochurch.D．Thequeendidn’tlikeit.2、Whatdoestheunderlinedword“arenas”inParagraph4mean?A．Stages. B．Stores.C．Companies. D．Playgrounds.3、Whatdoweknowaboutthenactors?A．Theycoulddrinkduringtheplay.B．Womenhadtocross-dressmalecharacters.C．Theyhadstagecrewtohelpthem.D．Theyweretoobusytopractice.4、Whatistheauthor’spurposeinwritingthetext?A．TorememberShakespeare.B．ToshowhisloveofShakespeare’splays.C．TointroducetheatersinShakespeare’stime.D．Todiscussthecompany’sranksystem.第三部分语言知识运用（共两节）第一节（每小题1.5分，满分30分）阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项．26．（30分）WhenIwasthree,Connie,mynewsister,wasbornonDecember17,1993.Elevenmonthslater,thissmilingchildwasdiagnosedwithAcuteLymphocyticLeukemia(ALL).ThedoctorsatJohnHopkinsgaveheran8%1ofsurvival.Withthehelpofour2parents,Conniewasabletofightagainstthediseaseand3wentintoremission（缓解期）.Monthslater,Conniehadarelapse（复发）.Aftera(n)4secondrelapsein1996,withasurvivalratenowatonly1%,thedoctors5abonemarrowtransplant（骨髓移植）wasthebestroutetotake.After6ourbloodtypes,thedoctorsfoundanexact7.Me.Iwashonoredtobeabletohelpmysister.AfterthebonemarrowtransplantConniespenthersummersintheneighborhoodpool.Shecouldalwaysbe8runningaroundthehouseinbathingsuit.StayingintheremissionforfiveyearswouldmeanConnie’scancerwouldbe9.ButbeforeConniecould10yearthree,cancerouscellsstartedto11herbodyoncemore;sherelapsed.Connie12duringthisrelapse.becomingprogressively13.Duringthesummerof1999,shewasnotableto14inthepoolorrideherbike.Shespenthersummerdaysinhospital.WhenNovember15around,Conniehitrockbottom.Thedoctorssaiditwasher16.WhenIwasnineyearsold,onNovember19,1999,myfamilyandIsaidourgoodbyetoachildwhodidnotlive17theageofsix.Connieisa18,tomyfamilyandme.Sheisarolemodeltopeoplewhoknewher.Herbraveryandcouragewasgreaterthan19Iknow.Conniehastaughtmebyexample:itishardto20apersonwhonevergivesup.1、A．abilityB．riskC．effortD．chance2、A．worriedB．determinedC．confusedD．exhausted3、A．continuouslyB．immediatelyC．naturallyD．eventually4、A．expectingB．disappointingC．experimentingD．promising5、A．decidedB．wonderedC．remindedD．warned6、A．searchingB．discussingC．analyzingD．learning7、A．matchB．typeC．bloodD．method8、A．takenB．keptC．foundD．stopped9、A．treatedB．curedC．developedD．diagnosed10、A．changeB．spendC．realizeD．reach11、A．handoverB．getoverC．takeoverD．comeover12、A．survivedB．abandonedC．complainedD．struggled13、A．betterB．worseC．strongerD．harder14、A．runB．jumpC．swimD．smile15、A．cameB．turnedC．wentD．moved16、A．lifeB．faultC．timeD．experience17、A．atB．pastC．byD．with18、A．heroB．sisterC．teacherD．patient19、A．somethingB．nothingC．noneD．anything20、A．beatB．winC．challengeD．inspire第二节（每小题1.5分，满分15分）阅读下面材料，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。27．（15分）Mostpeoplenowadaysaresobusywiththeirlivesthattheydonothavetimetoenjoyahealthyand1．(balance)diet.Formostindividuals,as2．resultofeatingfoodsrichinfatsandsugarseveralyears,theychoosetogoonadietbutdonotsucceedattheend.Besuretobewithastrong3．(aware)thatyouare4．youeat!Therefore,maintainingahealthydietnotonly5．(provide)yourbodywithenergybutalsonumeroushealthbenefits.Oneisthatyouwillkeepahealthyweightandisalsotheeasiestandmost6．(benefit)wayinwhichyoucanbeenergeticandprotectyourself7．anumberofdiseaseswhengrowingold.Anotherbenefitisthatyouwillmeetyoureverydaynutritional8．(require).9．(Basic)speaking,youshouldensurethatyoutakethegoodamountofvegetables,grains,milkandproteins.Inmostcases,ahealthydietcanhelpyoudecreasetheriskof10．(get)somediseaseslikediabetesandcancer.第四部分写作（共两节）第一节短文改错（满分10分）28．（10分）假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有10处语言错误，每句中最多有两处。每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号(∧)，并在其下面写出该加的词。删除：把多余的词用斜线(＼)划掉。修改：在错的词下画一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。注意：1、每处错误及其修改均仅限一词；2、只允许修改10处，多者（从第11处起）不计分。Beingateacherisalwaysbelievedtobeoneofgreatestoccupations,becauseteachersmakegreatcontributionsforthe