2021湖南高中学业水平合格性考试英语试卷真题及答案解析

试卷第=page11页，共=sectionpages33页试卷第=page11页，共=sectionpages33页2021湖南省普通高中学业水平合格性考试英语第一部分阅读技能(共两节，满分45分)第一节阅读理解(共12小题;每小题3分,满分36分)阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项(A、B、C和D)中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。ABBC:Top4WonderfulEnglishNovelsGreatExpectationsByCharlesDickens,1861MrsDallowayByVirginiaWoolf,1925MiddlemarchByGeorgeEliot,1874WutheringHeightsByEmilyBronte,18471．WhichofthefollowingmightbethepurestBritishnovel?A．GreatExpectations. B．MrsDalloway.C．WutheringHeights. D．Middlemarch.2．WhenwasthenovelofMrsDallowaypublished?A．In1847. B．In1861. C．In1874. D．In1925.3．WhatcanwelearnaboutMiddlemarch?A．Itsplotisverysimple.B．Itdescribesthehero’seventsinoneday.C．Itispoweredbymorepsychologicalenergythananyotherbook.D．ItisthegreatestsocialandpsychologicalnovelwritteninEnglish.4．WhowrotethenovelofWutheringHeights?A．GeorgeEliot. B．VirginiaWoolf.C．EmilyBronte. D．CharlesDickens.BPopcormParkZooisnotlikemostzoos.Itisaveryspecialplace.Thisunusualplacewasnotoriginallyazoo.AtfirstitwascalledtheForkedRiverAnimalCareCenter.Theworkerstherelookedafterlostorunwantedcatsanddogs.Todaythecenterispartofthezoo,butnowmanyotherkindsofanimalsarehelpedthere,too.Thechangestothecenterbeganin1977whenaraccoon(浣熊)neededhelp.Oneofitsfrontpaws(爪子)hadbeenbadlyhurt.Theworkerscaredfortheanimal.Finallyitwasbetter,butitcouldnotcareforitself.Theraccoonwasallowedtolivethere.Thenahurtdeerwasbroughtthereforhelp.It,too,stayedthereafteritgotwell.Oncepeopleheardaboutthewonderfulworkbeingdoneatthecenter,theybegantakingallkindsofhurtorhomelessanimalsthere.Soonitwasnolongerjustahomeforcatsanddogs.Somanyanimalswerelivingtherethatitbecamemorelikeazoo.PopcornParkZoogotitsfunnynamebecausemanyoftheanimalsthereliketoeatpopcornmadewithoutoilorsalt.Thepopcornissoldtheretohelpmakemoneytocarefortheanimals.Peoplebuythepopcorntofeedtheanimalsasatreat.PopcornParkZoonowlooksaftermorethan200kindsofanimals.Manyofthemlivefreelythere.Someofthegentlerones,suchasgoats,sheep,geese,anddeer,walkamongthevisitorswhocometoseethem.Othersarekeptinlargeclosed-inareasalmostliketheirnaturalhomes.Alltheanimalstheregetcareandlove.5．Before1977,thecenterwasahomefor.A．lostorunwantedcatsanddogsB．hurtorhomelessraccoonsandgoatsC．lostorunwanteddeerandsheepD．hurtorhomelessraccoonsandgeese6．Howdidtheworkersinthecenterhelptheraccoon?A．Theychangeditsfrontpaws.B．Theycureditandletitlivethere.C．Theysentitbacktoitshome.D．Theybuiltanotherhomejustforit.7．ThepopcomissoldinPopcomParkZooto.A．treatthevisitors B．rewardtheworkersC．tricktheanimals D．raisemoney8．Whatcanwelearnaboutanimalsinthezoofromthelastparagraph?A．Theyallliveinclosed-inareas.B．Someofthemcanwalkoutofthezoofreely.C．Allofthemaretakengoodcareof.D．Someofthemhavealreadyreturnedtonature.CAtable-waitingrobotcatbuiltbyaChinesetechnologyfirmcancarryplatesoffood,showcustomersaroundarestaurant,miaowatdinersandevenreacttohavingitsearstouched.Makingitsfirstappearanceatthe2020ConsumerElectronicsShowinLasVegas,theso-calledBellaBotwasbuiltforChineserestaurantslackingenoughwaiters.Ithasfourshelvesinthecentreofitstower-likebodytocarryplates.Havingbeenloadedupwithmealsbyitshumanworkmates,BellaBotmiaowswhenitdeliversfoodtodinerstoencouragethemtotaketheirplates.IfcustomersthankBellaBotbytouchingitsears,itwillrespondwithalookofpleasureonitsscreen,whichdisplays(展示)animationsofacat’sface.“Theowner’shandissowarm,”BellaBothasbeenprogrammedtorespond.However,muchlikearealcat,therobot’sreactionsoonchangesifitispettedfortoolong.“Itgetsmadtoremindyounottointerruptitsjob,”thedesignersintroduced.Inareal-worldfood-servicesetting,however,BellaBotmayfinditdifficulttooperateatthebusiesttimes.Anyway,restaurantsareexpectedtoincreasetheirrelyingonautomatons(小型机器人)—whetherintheformofroboticwaitingstaffornot.Furthermore,improvementsintechnologywillseeconsumerrobotdesignsgrowsteadilybetteratcommunicatingwithhumansanddealingwithnewactivities.9．BellaBotwasbuiltto.A．improverestaurants’environment B．overcomethelackofwaitersC．changefoodservicestyles D．attractyoungcustomers10．WeknowfromParagraph3thatBellaBotcan.A．playprograms B．loaditselfwithmealsC．respondtocustomers’thanks D．makefriendswithcustomers11．Whichofthefollowingcanreplacetheunderlinedword”petted“inParagraph5?A．Touched. B．Lifted C．Attacked. D．Used.12．What’sthewriter’sattitudetowardsthefutureconsumerrobotdesigns?A．Doulbtful. B．Optimistic. C．Uncaring. D．Cautious.第二节小标题填空(共3小题：每小题3分，满分9分)下面文章中有3处需要添加小标题。请从以下选项(A、B、C和D)中选出符合各段意思的小标题，并在答题卡上将相应选项的标号涂黑，选项中有一项是多余选项。A.Don’tuseyourcarhorn.B.Stayawayfromthenoisystreets.C.Keepyourcaringoodworkingorder.D.Takepartinacommunitytree­plantingproject.WaystoHelpYourCommunityStayQuietNoisepollutionisn’tjustannoying.Itcanalsocausepsychologicalproblems.Ifyouwanttocutbackonthenoisepollutioninyourlife,takingsomemeasurestogetherwithyourcommunitywillhelpyouandyourfamilyfeelhappierandhealthier.13．Useyourcarhorn(喇叭)onlywhennecessary,asawaytoletsomeoneknowyouarearoundthecorner.14．Theterriblesoundofacar’sengineisneverwelcome,somakesureyouarenottheonecausingnoisepollutioninyourcommunityandspringtogetyourcarrepaired.Keepingyourcaringood,quietworkingorderwillbeappreciatedbyeveryonewholivesnearyou.Keepyourmusicdown.Itmightsoundbeautifultoyou,butrespectthefactthatothersmightnotfeelthesameway.Don’tjustassumethatyourneighbourswanttohearyourfavouriteoperaasmuchasyoudo.15．Communitieswithmoretreesarequieterthanthosewithoutthem,sincelarge,leafytreescanhelpabsorbnoise,sosuchaprojectisalwaysworthyoureffort.第二部分知识运用(共两节，满分25分)第一节完形填空(共10小题;每小题1.5分，满分15分)阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，然后从短文后各题所给的四个选项(A、B、C和D)中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。Myfatherisadoctor,whoisalwaysasbusyasabee.However,hedoesn’tlovemeanyless.Todaywasmyfather’sbirthday.Idecidedtomakeitanunforgettablebirthdaytoshowhow16Iamforeverythinghehasdoneforme.ItoldMumthatIwanedtogivemyfatherasurprisebirthdayparty.Atmywords,shewasreally17thatIevenrememberedhisbirthday!She18tohelpme,butItoldherIdeterminedtoplaneverythingmyself.First,IcalledBernie,myfather’sbestfriend.Hegavemethenameofmyfather’sfavorite19.Next,Icalledtherestaurantandbookedsometable.Then,Ialso20ourrelativesandaskedthemtocome.Withouttellinganyone,Iwenttothewatchshopto21myfather’spresent.Whenhewasyoung,hisfathergavehima22.Itstoppedworkinglastyear,butmyfather23hadtimetogetitfixed.SoItookittothewatchshopandgetit24andpolished(擦亮).ThemomentDadandMumturnedup,weshouted,”HappyBirthday!“IgaveDadhispresent.Whenhesawhisshinywatch,hecried,”Whatasurprise!Thankyou,George.Thisisthebest25ever.”16．A．grateful B．eager C．ready D．famous17．A．scared B．annoyed C．worried D．surprised18．A．refused B．hated C．offered D．managed19．A．park B．beach C．garden D．restaurant20．A．promised B．phoned C．introduced D．helped21．A．pickup B．keepup C．putup D．makeup22．A．watch B．bike C．computer D．car23．A．also B．always C．never D．already24．A．priced B．fixed C．sold D．changed25．A．lesson B．plan C．show D．birthday第二节语法填空(共10小题;每小题1分，满分10分)阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容(1个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。Scientistsusuallyhavetodothousandsof26(experiment)inordertoprovesomethingnewortrue.Theyoftenfail,27theynevergiveup.Myneighbour28(be)ascientist.Hestudieschemistry.Heisalwaysworkingalonein29(he)lab,tryingtofigureoutallthemysteriesthatmakehim30(puzzle).Oneday,whenImethim,hehadjustcomeback31work.Tiredashewas,he32(sound)soexcited.ThenInoticedthathewaswearingshoes33didnotmatch.Hemusthavebeenworkingtoohardtonoticethat!NowIhavecometorealizethatit’sgoodforyou34(do)ajobthatinterestsyou.Youwillbeabsorbedinit,andpushyourselfhardwithit35(happy).第三部分写作技能(共两节，满分30分)第一节(共5小题;每小题2分，满分10分)请根据上下文内容，将文中划线部分译成汉语或者英语。Scientistsareinterestedinwhetherthesenseofsmellisrelatedtopain.Theyarealsocuriousaboutwhethermenandwomenhavethesamesenses.Now,thestudyhasprovedthatpleasantsmellsreducepainforwomen.36Formen,thereisalmostnochange.Dr.Finkelsteinisfamousscientistinthisfield.37自从1999年以来，他一直在研究气味.Hesaysthatscientistshavealreadycollecteddatafrom40volunteers.38Thisyearscientistswillgiveanother60volunteerstestsandwillbeinabetterpositiontoexplaintheresults.Oneexplanationisthat39women’ssenseofsmellisgenerallybetterthanthatofmenandislinkedtorecognizingthesmellofbabies.Scientistsusedtobelievethatmothersrecognizetheirchildrenbysightonly.Now,theyhavebecomeconvincedthat40嗅觉也有帮助.第二节情景作文(共1小题，满分20分)41．假定你是李华，你的新西兰朋友Mike对你去年参加的夏令营感兴趣。请根据下面的信息，写封邮件，向他介绍有关情况。Time:July16th-July21stPlace:RedStarSummerCampsiteMembers:5teachersand30studentsActivities:Day1:▲learnedtherulesofcamp▲learmedtomakeacampfirebyrubbingtwowoodenstickstogetherDay2:▲hadaboatraceandapicnic▲learnedtofigureoutthedirectionsbyobservingthestarsDays3-5:hada3-dayhikeinthewoodsfortherestofthecampFeelings:Theexperiencewasenjoyableandunforgettable.注意：1.词数100左右，开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数;2.可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。DearMike,I’mdelightedtosharewithyousomethingaboutthesummercampItookpartinlastJuly._________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Bestregards,Yours,LiHua答案第=page11页，共=sectionpages22页答案第=page11页，共=sectionpages22页1．A2．D3．D4．C【导语】本文是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了四本顶尖的英文小说内容和作者等信息。1．细节理解题。根据GreatExpectations中的“GreatExpectationsmightbethepurestBritishnovel.(《远大前程》可能是最纯粹的英国小说)”可知，《远大前程》可能是最纯粹的英国小说。故选A项。2．细节理解题。根据MrsDalloway中的“ByVirginiaWoolf,1925(弗吉尼亚·伍尔夫，1925年)”可知，MrsDalloway是在1925年出版的。故选D项。3．细节理解题。根据Middlemarch中的“的Itisthegreatestsocialandpsychological(心理的)noveleverwritteninEnglish.(这是有史以来用英语写的最伟大的社会和心理小说)”可知，Middlemarch是有史以来用英语写的最伟大的社会和心理小说。故选D项。4．细节理解题。根据WutheringHeights中的“ByEmilyBronte,1847(艾米莉·勃朗特，1847年)”可知，WutheringHeights的作者是EmilyBronte。故选C项。5．A6．B7．D8．C【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了叉河动物护理中心为了照顾受伤的或者被丢弃的动物做出的努力。5．细节理解题。根据第二段中“AtfirstitwascalledtheForkedRiverAnimalCareCenter.Theworkerstherelookedafterlostorunwantedcatsanddogs.Todaythecenterispartofthezoo,butnowmanyotherkindsofanimalsarehelpedthere,too.”（起初，它被称为叉河动物护理中心。那里的工人照顾走失或被遗弃的猫狗。今天，该中心是动物园的一部分，但现在许多其他种类的动物也在那里得到帮助。）可知，在1977年之前，这个中心是丢失或者被遗弃的猫狗的家园。故选A。6．细节理解题。根据第三段中“Oneofitsfrontpaws(爪子)hadbeenbadlyhurt.Theworkerscaredfortheanimal.Finallyitwasbetter,butitcouldnotcareforitself.Theraccoonwasallowedtolivethere.”（它的一只前爪受了重伤。工人们照顾这只动物。最后它好些了，但它不能照顾自己。浣熊被允许住在那里。）可知，中心的工作人员治疗了浣熊，并让它住在里面。故选B。7．细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中“Thepopcornissoldtheretohelpmakemoneytocarefortheanimals.Peoplebuythepopcorntofeedtheanimalsasatreat.”（在那里卖爆米花是为了赚钱照顾动物。人们买爆米花喂动物作为款待。）可知，公园卖爆米花是为了筹钱照顾动物。故选D。8．细节理解题。根据最后一段“Alltheanimalstheregetcareandlove.”（那里所有的动物都得到了关心和爱护。）可知，所有的动物在动物园里都得到了很好的照顾。故选C。9．B10．C11．A12．B【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了深圳科技公司推出的拥有猫咪外形的餐饮机器人。9．细节理解题。根据第二段中“theso-calledBellaBotwasbuiltforChineserestaurantslackingenoughwaiters.”（所谓的BellaBot是为缺乏足够服务员的中餐馆设计的。）可知，BellaBot是为缺乏足够服务员的中餐馆设计的。故选B。10．细节理解题。根据第三段中“IfcustomersthankBellaBotbytouchingitsears,itwillrespondwithalookofpleasureonitsscreen,whichdisplays(展示)animationsofacat’sface.”（如果顾客通过触摸BellaBot的耳朵来感谢它，BellaBot就会在屏幕上以高兴的表情回应，屏幕上还会显示猫脸的动画。）可知，BellaBot会通过在屏幕上用高兴的表情回应顾客的感谢，故选C。11．词句猜测题。结合第三段中“IfcustomersthankBellaBotbytouchingitsears,itwillrespondwithalookofpleasureonitsscreen,whichdisplays(展示)animationsofacat’sface.”（如果顾客通过触摸BellaBot的耳朵来感谢它，BellaBot就会在屏幕上以高兴的表情回应，屏幕上还会显示猫脸的动画。）可知，当顾客触摸BellaBot的耳朵时，BellaBot就会在屏幕上用表情回应；划线词所在句“However,muchlikearealcat,therobot’sreactionsoonchangesifitispettedfortoolong.”（然而，就像一只真正的猫一样，如果被petted太久，机器人的反应很快就会改变。）可知，划线词此处的与touch同义，含义为“触摸”，故选A。12．推理判断题。根据最后一段“Furthermore,improvementsintechnologywillseeconsumerrobotdesignsgrowsteadilybetteratcommunicatingwithhumansanddealingwithnewactivities.”（此外，技术的进步将使消费类机器人在与人类交流和处理新活动方面稳步发展。）可知，机器人服务员的技术改进会稳步提高，尤其是在跟人类交流和处理新活动方面会更好。可推断作者对社区机器人的设计持乐观态度。故选B。13．A14．C15．D【导语】这是一篇应用文。文章介绍了四个可以让自己社区变得更安静的方法。13．后文提到“Useyourcarhorn(喇叭)onlywhennecessary,asawaytoletsomeoneknowyouarearoundthecorner.”（只有在必要的时候才按喇叭，让别人知道你在拐角处。），由此判断，该段讲述了要根据场景来使用喇叭，而不是一遇到情况就按喇叭。A项“Don’tuseyourcarhorn.”（不要按喇叭。）能够概括后文内容。故选A。14．后文提到“Theterriblesoundofacar’sengineisneverwelcome,somakesureyouarenottheonecausingnoisepollutioninyourcommunityandspringtogetyourcarrepaired.Keepingyourcaringood,quietworkingorderwillbeappreciatedbyeveryonewholivesnearyou.”（汽车引擎发出的可怕声音是不受欢迎的，所以要确保你不是造成社区噪音污染的人，赶紧去修车吧。让你的车保持良好、安静的工作状态会得到住在你附近的每个人的赞赏。），由此判断，在自己的车出现状况时一定要送去修理，而不是任由故障车发出刺耳的声音，因此要保证自己的车处于一个良好的状态。C项“Keepyourcaringoodworkingorder.”（保持你的汽车处于良好的工作状态。）能够概括后文内容。故选C。15．后文提到“Communitieswithmoretreesarequieterthanthosewithoutthem,sincelarge,leafytreescanhelpabsorbnoise,sosuchaprojectisalwaysworthyoureffort.”（有更多树木的社区比没有树木的社区更安静，因为大而多叶的树木可以帮助吸收噪音，所以这样的项目总是值得你努力的。），由此判断，多种树也可以帮助降低社区的噪音，D项“Takepartinacommunitytree­plantingproject.”（参加社区植树项目。）能够概括后文内容。故选D。16．A17．D18．C19．D20．B21．A22．A23．C24．B25．D【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了我给父亲过得一个“特别”的生日。16．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：今天是我父亲的生日，我决定让它成为一个难忘的生日，以表达我对他为我所做的一切的感激之情。A.grateful感激的；B.eager渴望的；C.ready准备好的；D.famous出名的。根据上文“hedoesn’tlovemeanyless.”可知，父亲很爱我，所以在父亲生日当天，我决定表达我对他为我所做的一切的感激之情。故选A。17．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：听了我的话，她真的很惊讶，我竟然还记得他的生日!A.scared害怕的；B.annoyed生气的；C.worried担忧的；D.surprised惊讶的。根据下文“Ievenrememberedhisbirthday”可知，此处表示妈妈对我说的话感到惊讶。故选D。18．考查动词词义辨析。句意：她提出要帮助我，但我告诉她我决定自己计划一切。A.refused拒绝；B.hated讨厌；C.offered提供；D.managed设法完成。根据下文“tohelpme,butItoldherIdetermincedtoplaneverythingmyself.”可知，此处指妈妈要提供帮忙，但我拒绝了妈妈，认为我决定自己计划一切。故选C。19．考查名词词义辨析。句意：他给了我父亲最喜欢的餐馆的名字。A.park公园；B.beach海滩；C.garden花园；D.restaurant餐馆。根据下文“Icalledtherestaurantandbookedsometable”可知，此处指他给我父亲最喜欢吃饭的餐馆的名子。故选D。20．考查动词词义辨析。句意：然后，我也打电话给我们的亲戚，让他们来。A.promised承诺；答应；B.phoned打电话；C.introduced介绍；D.helped帮助。结合上文“IcalledBernie”及“also”可知，此处指我也打电话喊我的亲戚到这个餐馆来。故选B。21．考查动词短语词义辨析。句意：我没有告诉任何人，就去了手表店去取我父亲的礼物。A.pickup捡起；接收（信号）；搭载（某人）；取走；B.keepup保持；继续；C.putup建立；D.makeup编造；化妆。根据下文“Itookittothewatchshopandgetitandpolished(擦亮).”可知，此处指我去手表店取回修好的手表。故选A。22．考查名词词义辨析。句意：当他小的时候，他的父亲给了他一块手表。A.watch手表；B.bike自行车；C.computer电脑；D.car汽车。根据上文“Iwenttothewatchshop”及下文“Itstoppedworkinglastyear”可知，这里指爷爷给了父亲一块手表。故选A。23．考查副词词义辨析。句意：它去年坏了，但我父亲一直没时间去修。A.also也；B.always总是；一直；C.never从不；D.already已经。根据上文“Myfatherisadoctor,whoisalwaysasbusyasabee.”可知，父亲很忙，所以他没有时间修理手表。故选C。24．考查动词词义辨析。句意：所以我把它拿到表店去修理和抛光。A.priced给……定价；B.fixed修理；C.sold出售；D.changed变化。根据上文“butmyfatherhadtimetogetitfixed”可知，此处指我把手表拿到手表店修理并抛光。故选B。25．考查名词词义辨析。句意：当他看到他那块闪闪发亮的手表时，他叫道：“真是个惊喜!谢谢你，乔治。这是有史以来最棒的生日。”A.lesson教训；B.plan计划；C.show演出；D.birthday生日。根据上文“HappyBirthday!”可知，此处表示父亲说这是他过得最好的生日。故选D。26．experiments27．but28．is29．his30．puzzled31．from32．sounded33．that##which34．todo35．happily【导语】这是一篇夹叙夹议，作者通过介绍一位专注于自己的研究工作的科学家，告诉我们做一份你感兴趣的工作对你有好处。26．考查名词复数。句意：科学家们通常要做成千上万的实验来证明一些新的或正确的东西。thousandsof“成千上万”，所以of后要用名词复数。experiment“实验”为可数名词，其复数形式为experiments，故填experiments。27．考查连词。句意：他们常常失败，但是他们从不放弃。结合前文“Theyoftenfail”及后文“theynevergiveup”可知，设空前后为转折关系，应用连词but连接。故填but。28．考查时态和主谓一致。句意：我的邻居是一位科学家。根据下文“Hestudieschemistry”可知，本句陈述客观事实，应用一般现在时，主语“myneighbor”为第三人称单数，所以be动词is，故填is。29．考查代词。句意：他总是一个人在实验室里工作，试图弄清楚所有使他困惑的奥秘。空处修饰名词lab，所以应用形容词性物主代词his，故填his。30．考查形容词。句意同上。固定句式：makesb.+形容词，意为“使某人……”，此处用形容词puzzled，作宾语补足语，表示人的感受，故填puzzled。31．考查介词。句意：有一天，当我遇见他时，他刚刚下班回来。短语：comebackfromwork“下班回来”，故填from。32．考查时态。句意：虽然他很累，但听起来他很兴奋。空处在句中为谓语，结合前文“ashewas”可知，此处用一般过去时，故填sounded。33．考查定语从句。句意：然后我注意到他穿着一双不相配的鞋子。空处引导限制性定语从句，先行词shoes，指物，在从句中作主语，应用关系代词which/that，故填which/that。34．考查不定式。句意：现在我终于意识到，做一份你感兴趣的工作对你是有好处的。动词realize后的that从句为宾语从句，从句中使用了固定句式“It’sgoodforsb.todosth.”，it为形式主语，真正的主语为后面的不定式短语，故填todo。35．考查副词。句意：你会全身心地投入其中，并快乐地督促自己努力。空处修饰动词push，应用副词happily，故填happily。36．对于男性来说，几乎没有变化。37．Hehasbeenstudyingsmellsince1999.38．今年，科学家将对另外60名志愿者进行测试。39．女性的嗅觉通常比男性好。40．smellalsohelps.【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了科学家们对于嗅觉与性别关系的实验和调查。36．考查句子结构。根据句子结构可知，thereis“……有……”，表示存在，formen译为“对男性而言”；almost“几乎，差不多”为副词，nochange“没有变化”，故翻译为：对于男性来说，几乎没有变化。37．考查现在完成进行时。表示“自从1999年以来”用since1999；表示“他”用he作主语，表示“研究”用动词study，作谓语，结合句意可知，研究气味的动作一直都在进行，可能还将延续，所以时态用现在完成进行时，所以此处用hasbeenstud