四川外国语大学《811英语翻译与写作》历年考研真题及详解

2003年四川外国语大学411英语翻译与写作考研真题及详解I.TranslatethefollowingintoChinese(50%):TheBackstairsBattleforWhiteHouseInfluencePresidentReagansWhiteHousestaffisdividedintothreeparts:theupstairspartheadedbythepragmaticJamesBaker(詹姆斯·贝克),thedownstairspartbeadedbytheconservativeWilliamClark(威廉·克拉克),andthebackstairspartpatrolledbytheirassistants,whotellthepressaboutthedifferencesbetweenupstairsanddownstairs.Therehavebeendifferencesamongmostpresidents’adviserseversinceThomasJefferson(托马斯·杰弗逊)wasaccusedofrelyingonan“invisible”groupofassociatesthatengagedin“backstairsinfluence.”Sothecurrentrumorsofastruggleforthepresident’smindamongtheBigFour—Baker,Clark,MichaelDeaverandEdwinMeese(贝克、克拉克、迪弗、米斯)—arenotnew,justmorepublic.TheyaretheresultofPresidentReagan’sremotenessfromtheday-to-dayformationofpolicy,ofhishabitofdelegatingauthoritywidely,andnottoasinglechiefofstaff,asPresidentDwightEisenhower(艾森豪威尔)did,andofhistendencytoavoidgettinghisprincipalaidestogetheronaregularbasistolistenpatientlytotheirargumentsanddifferences.Mr.Reagan’swayisareflectionofhischaracterandhispersonality.Heismoreinterestedinpresentingpolicythanformingit.Hedoesnothaveacontrollingchiefofstaff;hedoesnotlimithisprincipaladviserstoaspecialfieldofconcentrationlikeMr.Truman(杜鲁门),butletstheBigFourplaythefieldandrunacrossoneanother;hedoesnotdominateorintimidatehisstaff,likeMr.Johnson;andhedoesnotreadandworklikeMr.Carter.Doesitmatter?Mostobserversherewouldsayitdoes.Buttherearesomeadvantages.Itfreeshimtospeakandperform,whichhedoesbetterthananypresidentinrecentmemory,evenwhenheispeddlingnonsense.Also,sincehecouldstopthesquabblingandmostoftheWhiteHouseleaksbycontrollingtheBigFour,itisconceivablethattheleaksofhiscomingplansprovidehimanopportunitytotestpublicandcongressionalopinionbeforeacting.Butitmattersbecauseonedayhetakeshisadvicefromupstairsandthenextfromdownstairs.Hisspeechesatemorevividandunyieldingthanhisacts,whichcreatesafeelingofuncertaintyandincoherenceathomeandabroad,andisharmfultothepresidentbecausethereiscontinuingdoubtaboutwhetherheisreallyincommandofasteady,continuingpolicy.Accordingly,hisproposalsareincreasinglyrejectedbytheConfessandtheallies.Andtheconfusionofhisstaffisatleastpartlytoblame.【参考译文】里根总统的白宫工作人员分为三类：楼上的部分由注重实效的詹姆斯·贝克领导，楼下的部分由保守的法官威廉·克拉克领导，楼梯后面的部分由他们的助手巡逻，正是他们告诉出版社楼上和楼下的区别。自从有人指责托马斯·杰弗逊依靠一帮“看不见、摸不透”、专搞“幕后活动”的幕僚以来，美国几乎所有总统的幕僚之间都发生过一些纠葛。因此，目前关于四大派别（贝克、克拉克、迪弗、米斯）争夺总统心腹谣言不是新的，只是更大众化而已。他们是里根总统从日常政策构成中脱离的结果；是他权利下方习惯的结果，而这种习惯并不像艾森豪威尔总统一样只针对单一的参谋长；是他避免让首要副官和他共同耐心聆听他们的争论和分歧的趋向的结果。里根先生的工作方式反映了他的气质和个性，他对宣布政策比对制定政策兴趣更浓。他没有一位起控制作用的办公室主任，也不像杜鲁门先生那样把主要顾问一个个地限制在一个专门的领域，而是让四大派别满场跑，彼此冲撞。他既不像约翰逊先生那样控制或威吓幕僚，也不像卡特先生那样看文件,那样工作。这有关系吗？大多数观察人士会说它确实有关系。但也有一些优势。这让他有了演讲和表演的自由，即使是在兜售废话的时候，他也比任何一位总统的近期记忆力都好。此外，由于他尚能驾驭得住他的“四巨头”，从而制止争吵并使大多数消息不致漏出白宫，因此，他未来的计划要是有什么走漏的话，可以设想，那是他在行动之前测探民意和国会意见的一种机会。但这很重要，因为某天他从楼上听取建议，另一天从楼下听取建议。他的演讲比他的行为更生动、更强硬，这在国内外造成了一种不确定和不连贯的感觉，而且对总统有害，因为人们对他是否真正掌握了一种稳定的、持续的政策仍有疑问。这样一来，他所提的建议便越来越多地遭到了国会和盟邦的拒绝，而幕僚内部的混乱状态,对此是难辞其咎的。II.TranslatetheSECONDandTHIRDparagraphsofthefollowingpassagesintoEnglish.(50%)立体画廊长江三峡“朝辞白帝彩云间，千里江陵一日还。两岸猿声啼不住，轻舟已过万重山。”唐代大诗人李白放歌长江三峡，留韵千秋。长江三峡西起白帝城，东至湖北宜昌南津关。沿途两岸奇峰陡立、峭壁对峙，自西向东依次为瞿塘峡、巫峡、西陵峡。三峡千姿百态，各具魅力，以瞿塘雄、巫峡秀、西陵险而驰名。巫山境内，则有流晶滴翠的大宁河小三峡、马渡河小小三峡。长江沿线重庆境内，还有建筑风格奇特的石宝寨、有“巴蜀胜境”之称的张飞庙、蜀汉皇帝刘备的托孤堂、有“云贵川丛林”之尊的双桂堂、地球上最早的人类“巫山猿人”遗址等，是集游览观光、科考怀古、艺术鉴赏、文化研究、民俗采风、建筑考察等为一体的著名旅游风景区。三峡工程建成蓄水后，高峡平湖的景观使三峡库区成为全国最大的国家级公园。重庆也成为国内最大的旅游观光度假胜地。【参考译文】LiBai,thegreatpoetinTangDynasty,wroteapoemintheThreeGorgesontheYangtzeRiver,whichhasbeenpasseddownforathousandyears.ItgoeslikethatIlefttheBaiditownwithinthecolorfulclouds,andreturnedtoJianglinginonedayforathousandmiles.WhenIheardtheapescheeringfromtheriversides,myboathadleftmountainsfarbehind.TheThreeGorgesontheYangtzeRiverstartsfromBaiditowninthewestandendsatNanjinguan,Yichang,Hubeiprovinceintheeast.Grotesquehillsrisesteeplyandcliffsstandoppositealongtheriverbanks.TheThreeGorgesontheYangtzeRiveraretheQutangGorge,theWuGorgeandtheXilingGorgerespectivelyfromwesttoeast.TheThreegorgesshowdiverseandvariedscenerieswithdistinctivecharm.TheyarefamousforthemajestyoftheQutangGorge,beautyoftheWuGorgeandprecipitousnessoftheXilingGorge.TherearetheMiniThreeGorgesinDalingRiverandtheLittleThreeGorgesinMaduRiverinMountWu.AlongtheYangtzeRiver,thereareShibaozhaiTemplewithspecialarchitecturalstyle,ZhangfeitemplethatiscrownedwiththescenicspotinSichuanprovinceandChongqingMunicipality,TuogutangwhereLiuBei,theemperorinshu-hankingdomperiod,entrustedhissontoZhuGeliang,ShuangguiTemplethatoccupiesanextremelyimportantpositioninYunnan,GuizhouandSichuanprovinces,relicsitesofapemeninMountWuthatareregardedastheearliesthumanbeingsintheworldandsoon.Itisafamoustourismscenicareathatissuitableforsightseeing,scientificinvestigation,meditatingonthepast,artappreciation,culturalresearch,touringforfolkcustoms,architectureinvestigationandsoon.AfterthecompletionoftheThreeGorgesProjecttoretainwater,ThreeGorgesReservoirRegionhasrankedamongthebiggestnationalparkacrossthewholecountryduetothescenicviewsinGlenCanyonNationalRecreationArea.ChongqingMunicipalityhasalsobecomeoneofthebiggestresortfortraveling,sightseeingandgoingonvacationathome.III.Writea500-wordessayonthetopicbelow:(50%)Directions:Withthedevelopmentofmaterialprosperity,commercialadshavealmostbecomeanormalpartofourdailylife.WecanseethemonTV,readtheminthenewspaper,bearthemontheradio,andclickonthemontheInteract.Businesspeoplelikecommercialads,fortheycanhelpmarketdevelopandgrow;consumerslikethemtoobecausetheyprovidethenewestinformationaboutproducts.Tosomepeople,however,commercialadsarechangingourlifeinasomewhatundesirableway.Forexample,asweoftenbuythingswithoutthirstingproperlyormakingadequatecomparisonsbetweengoods,wemaygraduallyloseourgoodsenseofmakingjudgmentandchoice.Whatisyouropinionaboutcommercialads?Announceyourviewpointsintheessayyouaretowrite.Requirements:Inthefirstpart,youshouldpresentyourgeneralviewpointinawell-formulatedthesisstatement,inthesecondpartyoushouldsupportthethesisstatementwithappropriatedetails,andinthethirdpartyoushouldwindupthewholeessaywithanaturalengagingend.Markswillbeawardedforcontent,organizationgrammar,andsyntacticvarietyaswellasforappropriatewordchoice.Failuretofollowtheaboveinstructionsmayresultinthelossofmarks.Remembertoproduceacleanfaircopy.【参考范文】Itisgenerallyacceptedthatadvertisementsplayanextremelyimportantroleinthemodernbusinesscompetition.Advertisementsareforcingtheirwayintopeople’slives.Toalargeextent,goodadvertisingleadstosuccesswhilebadadvertisingcanmeanfailure.Althoughthoseadscangiveusinformationabouttheproductsandservices,therearealsosomeproblemsthatcan’tbeignored.Therefore,asfarasIamconcerned,commercialadshavebroughtmoreharmthangood.Firstofall,commercialadsmaymisleadthecustomerstomakewrongpurchasingchoices.Moreoftenthannot,amajorityofpeoplewillpurchasewhattheyaremorefamiliarwith.Iftheyhaveheardorwatchedacertainproductformanytimes,it’snaturalforthemtobuyitwithoutthinkingaboutwhetheritissuitableornot.What’smore,commercialadscanstimulateunnecessarybuyingdemands.Forexample,whenachildhaswatchedanadforcandies,itisverylikelyforhimtoaskhisparentstobuyit,whichisawasteofmoneyandunhealthyforthechild’steeth.Besides,manyadswouldexaggeratethebenefitsoftheirproductstoattractattentionandincreasesalesvolume.Manyconsumersmayhaveexperiencedacertaindegreeofdisappointmentaftertheyfindtherealproductsaremuchdifferentfromwhattheadshavepromised.Whenpeoplefallforthetricks,theycandonothingbutcomplainandregretbecausetheycan’tcontactthesellerstogetcompensationafterpurchasing.ThereisanotherweaknessofTVads.Consumersalwayswasteagreatdealoftimeonthem.Furthermore,consumersfeelannoyedtobeinterruptedwhentheyarewatchingTVplay,sotheycan’twatchanyTVprogramsinahappymood.Fromtheperspectiveofbusinessmen,itisnevercheaptoputadsonthetelevision,whichwillundoubtedlyincreasethecostsoftheirproducts.Ononehand,thecustomersneedtopaymoremoneyforthesameproducts.Onetheotherhand,therunningrisksincreases,becausedemandsmightreduceowingtoahigherprice.Asmallersalesvolumemeansthinnerprofitmargininmanycases.However,ifthosebusinessmendidnotspendmoneyonads,theproductswouldbecomecheaper,whichcanbenefitcustomersalot.It’sapitythatmanycompaniescompetewitheachotherbyaddingexpenditurestoadstopromotetheirproducts,whichmayhaveabadinfluenceonthewholemarket.Afterall,it’smoresensibleforcompaniestodeveloptheirownadvantagebyimprovingproductquality.Tosumup,adsseektoinfluenceourdecisionsandtelluswhattodousuallywiththeaimsellingmoreatarelativelyhigherprice.Anyway,wecanbewiseifweareabletodistinguishbetweenfictionandfact.Toresistitsnegativeinfluencesoastomakewisedecisions,wemustrelyonourownjudgmentandabilitytomakepurchase.【解析】关于商业广告，大家褒贬不一，本题要求写出一篇500词左右的英语作文来陈述自己的看法。首先第一段引出话题，商业广告在现代社会中扮演中重要的作用，已经进入了每个人的生活，但我认为商业广告也存在很多问题。于是第二段来给出理由，首先是商业广告会误导消费者的购物选择，其次是会激起不必要的消费需求，并且广告为了达到吸引消费者的目的会夸大其产品的优势，欺骗顾客，另外，电视广告十分浪费大家看电视节目的时间，除以以外，从商家的角度来看，播放广告也是一笔不小的开支，而这开支又会导致消费者花更多的钱去购买商品，所以如果不播放广告的话，消费者可以受益，商家的成本也会降低。最后一段做总结，广告会影响我们的购物，我们要学会区分广告的真伪，在购物时要依靠自己的思考再理性消费。2004年四川外国语大学411英语翻译与写作考研真题及详解I.Translatethefollowing（NotIncludingtheUnderlinedPart）intoChinese.(50points)“Totravelhopefully”saysStevensonatthecloseofafamousessay,“isabetterthingthantoarrive.”Itakeleavetodoubtthis.Onthecontrary,travelingseemstomeaninexpressiblytedious,monotonousdisgustingoccupation;whilearrivingisoneofthepurestofhumanpleasures.Onlyyoumustbecarefultoarriveattherightplaceandyoumustbecarefultotimeyourarrivalrightly.Atsomecitiesitisbesttoarriveatnight;atsome,abouttwilight;atsome,intheearlymorning;andatsome,notatall.Sofarasmysmallexperiencegoes,themostwonderfularrivalintheworldisatVenice;butyoushouldtimeitafterdark.Veniceissounlikeanythingelseonearththatthefirstimpactofitmustbeamarvelousexperienceatanyhour;butafterdarkitismagical.YoumayhavebeenreadingbooksaboutVeniceallyourlife;youmayhaveseeninnumerablepicturesofthegloriesofthecity;butnobookandnopicturecanprepareyoufortheenchantmentofthisarrival.outoftheglitterandbustleofthestation—ratherwearyandjadedwiththelongjourneyfromMilan—straightontothelandingstageagainstwhichthewateroftheGrandCanalislapping,tosteponboardagondolaandtogoglidingdownthedark,broad,silenthighway,withdim-lit,ghostlypalacesoneitherhand;nottillmemoryforsakesyouwillyouforgetthisexperience.Thestrangesilence,brokenonlybythemeasureddipoftheoarandthesoftplashingofthewateragainstyourcleavingprow,andtheoccasionalhoarsecriesofthegondoliersasyoupassanotheroftheseblack,funerealbarges;thefewandfeeblelamps,givingyoumomentaryglimpsesofbalconiesandfinelycarvenarches;thesuddenintensificationofthesilenceandthedarknessasyouabruptlyleavetheGrandCanalandslipalongoneofthenarrowerwaterways,alwayswithtallhousesonbothsidesofyou,andaboveyouaclearskyofstars,starsreflectedtremblinglyontheblackwaters—thousandsoftouristsmusthavetriedtodescribeallthis,butthemagicandthemysteryandthebeautyofitdefyhumanspeech.AndthespellisheightenedbytheconsciousnessthatthisisVenice;atthebackofyourmindisallthatyouhavereadaboutthestrangehistoryofthiscity,oncetherichestandmostbrilliantandmostpowerfulinEurope,laterfallenuponevildaysofdecayandsubjectiontoaforeignpower,nowbeginningtoliftherheadagainasoneofthegreatseaportsofItaly.ThatpalacemaybewhereMarinoFaliero（马林诺··法里埃罗）livedandplottedagainsttherepublic;thisothermaybewhereByronwrotethelastcantoofChildeHarold(《恰尔德·哈罗尔德游记》);this,again,maybewhereBrowningdied.Thesearedetails;youwillfindoutaboutthemto-morrow.Enough,forto-night,tosurrenderyourselftothehush,thegloom,thehalf-guessed-atbeautiesofacitywhichseemsrathertobeametropolisofdreamland,oroffairyland,thanaplacewhereordinarypeopleleadcommonplacelivesandputupumbrellaswhenitrains.【参考译文】在某些城市，最好是在晚上到达，某些是在黄昏，某些是在清晨，而某些，却无所谓。我到过的地方不多，而到威尼斯的感觉最为奇妙，你如果要来的话最好是在夜晚。与世间其它地方不同的是，它不是你随时造访都可以立刻迷上其美妙的风采，惟有在夜晚，她才奇幻。你一生中可能阅读过很多描写威尼斯的著作；也可能欣赏过无数描绘这个城市辉煌美景的图片；然而，任何一部著作，人恶化衣服图画，都不能让你感受这种置身其中的心醉。从米兰启程到威尼斯，一路的长途跋涉已经让人疲惫不堪了；走出车站的喧闹与拥挤，径直踏上威尼斯大运河，海浪轻轻拍打着的栈桥，登上冈多拉，在漆黑、宽广、寂静的水面上滑行而过，河岸两侧灯光昏暗的古代宫殿若隐若现；除非是记忆将你遗弃，否则，你将永远不会忘掉这样的经历。船桨缓慢而有节奏地拨动着水面，抑或是船头划开水面轻溅起了水花，再或是你们超过的另一艘黑色驳船不时传来了船夫低声的吆喝，只有这些声音，才能大伯这种独特的静谧；星星点点的微弱灯光，能让你在一瞬间瞥见岸上的楼群和雕刻精美的拱门；当冈多拉载着你忽然驶出大运河继而拐进一条狭窄的水路时，这种寂静和黑暗就愈加浓郁了，水路两旁依旧矗立着高耸的楼群，你的头顶上是清澈的星空，星光点点闪烁，倒映在黑色的水面上——成千上万的观光者一定都想试图描述着一切；然而，她的魔力，她的神秘。她的美丽，却让人难以言表。一想到这便是威尼斯，人们所感受到的魔力与美丽就更浓了；也许你还依稀记得这个城市神奇的经历；她曾经一度是欧洲最富有、最荣耀、最强大的城市，后来在不幸的岁月里逐渐衰落，屈从于外国势力，现在，作为意大利重要的港口之一，它由开始昂起了头。马林诺·法里埃罗可能就是在这里生活并写下反对共和国的歌剧，拜伦可能在此写出《恰尔德·哈罗尔德游记》的最后一节，还是这里，可能是勃朗宁死去的地方，这些都是细节，你第二天可以发现更多关于他们的故事。不要再说，今晚，你将自己向这座城市屈服，向这座死气沉沉、让人看不透的城市低头。这里是梦想的都会，或者是一个童话世界，而不是普通百姓居家过日寻求庇护的场所。II.TranslatethefollowingintoEnglish.(50points)重庆的文化名区——沙坪坝沙坪坝，物丰景美，人杰地灵。20世纪30年代末，抗日军兴，陪都始建，海内文化名流相率西上，沙区遂学府林立，艺苑纷陈，中华学者名家，多聚于此。李四光、郭沫若、巴金、徐悲鸿、夏衍、冰心、马寅初、柳亚子、老舍等人，均曾在此居住。悲壮而书，慷慨而鸣，泼墨于民族危难之际，放歌于众志成城之时。或演史剧以喻现实，或作丹青以抒壮怀；办学则育人有方，科研则治学有术；创办报刊，宣传真理；登台演说，唤起民众——真可谓争民族解放之先锋。今日的沙坪坝，乃享誉中外之文化明区，人才荟萃，群贤毕至。有中小学近200所，高校9所，院士教授及各类高中级人才5万余人。教育声势壮，科技发展快，群众文艺活动丰富多彩，精品佳作迭出不穷。红岩精神生根与斯，光大于斯，各显文化底蕴之深厚。故“全国科技先进区”、“全国文化先进区”、“田径之乡”等殊荣美誉，正可谓名副其实之写照。【参考译文】Shapingbaisrichinnaturalresourcesandbeautifulscenery,inwhichoutstandingtalentshavebeenproduced.Intheendof1930s,theanti-Japanesearmywasenthusiastic,andChongqingwasmadethecapitalofthenationalistgovernment.Culturalcelebritiesfromabroadandhomewentwestoneafteranother.NumerousinstitutionswereestablishedinShaquandtheacademiccirclewasquiteactive.MostChineselearnersandcelebritiesgatheredhere,amongwhichLiSiguang,GuoMoruo,XuBeihong,XiaYan,Bingxin,MaYinchu,LiuYazi,Laosheandsoonhadlivedhere.Theyexpressedtheirsadnessthroughwritingandbecameexcitedbystrongfeelings.Theydevotedthemselvestowritinginthetimeofnationalcrisisandencouragedpeopletoworktogether.Theyplayedhistoricaldramatoreflecttherealityorpaintedpicturestoshowtheirambitions.Educatorswereknownforfineteachingandscientistsweregoodatdoingresearch.Truthwaspropagandizedthroughtheestablishmentofnewspaper.Theyrosetothestagestomakespeechestoraisepeople’sawareness,thusearningthenameofbeingthepioneersofnationalliberation.Shapingbaiscurrentlytheculturalareawell-knownbothdomesticallyandinternationallywithtalentsandpeopleofvirtuesgathering.Thereisnearly200primaryandmiddleschools,9collegesanduniversities.Thenumberofacademicianprofessorsandallkindsofhigh-mid-leveltalentsreachesmorethan50thousand.Educationandtechnologyaredevelopingrapidly.Thepublicareholdingcolorfulandabundantculturalactivitieswithfineworkscomingoutcontinuously.Hongyanspirit,thespiritofstickingtotruthandtransformingthesociety,hastakenrootshere,fromwhichmassiveculturaldepositscanbereflected.Therefore,itisworthyofthespecialhonorsincludingNationalScienceandTechnologyAdvancedZone,NationalCultureAdvancedZoneandtheHomeofTrackandField.III.Writea500-wordessayonthetopicbelow(50%)Directions:We’vealwaysheardthesaying“Waittilltomorrow!”Itringsinourearswithpiercingfamiliarity.Tosomepeople,thishasalmostalwaysmeant“Never”fortheybelievethatathingtoodelayedisachancedenied.Someotherpeople,however,thinkthesayingiswelljustifiedforlifehasprovedtimeandagainthat“Morehaste,lessspeed.”Whichofthetwoopinionsdoyouagreewith?Announceyourviewpointintheessayyouaretowrite.Requirements:Inthefirstpart,youshouldpresentyourviewpointinawell-formulatedthesisstatement;inthesecondpart,youshouldsupportthethesisstatementwithappropriatedetails;inthethirdpart,youshouldwindupthewholeessaywithasatisfyingend.Markswillbeawardedforcontent,organization,grammar,andsyntacticvarietyaswellasforappropriatewordchoice.Failuretofollowtheaboveinstructionsmayresultinthelossofmarks.Remembertoproduceacleanfaircopy.【参考范文】Itisalwayshardforpeopletosharethesameopinion.Asaresult,therearetwokindsofchoicestowardstasks,namely,doitrightnoworputittotomorrow.Toomanypeoplefocusonthepastorthefuture,whichisnotbeneficial.Wecanlamentthepast,andplanforthefuture,butwecanonlygetthingsdoneinthepresent,today.Personally,Ibelieveweshouldnotdevelopthehabitofleavetaskstothenextday.Asanoldsayinggoesthatneverputtilltomorrowwhatshouldbedonetoday.Itisbetterforustofinishtasksassoonaspossibleforthereasonthattimeispreciousandwearesupposedtomakethemostofittodovaluablethings.What’smore,sincefutureisuncertain,wewillneverknowwhatkindofnewmissioniswaitingforusthenextday.Ifwecanleaveenoughtimefortomorrow’swork,