大学英语四级真题版(第1套)

2019

年

6

月大学英语四级真题完好版（第

1套）PartI

Writing

(30minutes)Directions:Forthispart,youareallowed30minutestowriteanewsreporttoyourcampusnewspaperonavisittoalocalfarmorganizedbyyourStudentUnion.Youshouldwriteatleast120wordsbutnomorethan180words.PartⅡListeningComprehension(25minutes)SectionADirections:Inthissection,youwillhearthreenewsreports.Attheendofeachnewsreport,youwillheartwoorthreequestions.Boththenewsreportandthenquestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Afteryouhearaquestion,youmustchoosethebestanswerfromthefourchoicesmarkedA），B),C)andD).ThenmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet1withasinglelinethroughthecentre.Questions1and2arebasedonthenewsreportyouhavejustheard.A)Hevisitedaprisonlocatedonafarawayisland.B)HeswamaroundanislandnearSanFrancisco.C)Hecelebratedhisninthbirthdayonasmallisland.D)Hesetarecordbyswimmingtoandfromanisland.A)Hesethimanexample.Hedoubledthereward.HehadtheeventcoveredonTV.Hecheeredhimonalltheway.Questions3and4arebasedonthenewsreportyouhavejustheard.A)Togivepeoplemoretimetotravel.B)Toincreaseworkingefficiency.C)Toencouragelatemarriage.D)Toendtheone-childpolicy.A)Theywillnotcomeintoimmediateeffect.Theywillhelptopopularizeearlymarriage.Theywillnotbewelcomedbyyoungpeople.Questions5and6arebasedonthenewsreportyouhavejustheard.5.A)Cleaningserviceingreatdemandallovertheworld.Anewcompanytocleanupthemessafterparties.Twoladiesgivingupwell-paidjobstodocleaning.Cleanersgainfullyemployedatnightsandweekends.A)Itleavesthehouseinamess.B)Ittakesalotoftimetoprepare.Itmakespartygoersexhausted.Itcreatesnoiseandmisconduct.A)Visitthe.andCanada.B)HireanAustralianlawyer.C)Expandtheirbusiness.D)Settlealegaldispute.SectionBDirections:Inthissection,youwillheartwolongconversations.Attheendofeachconversation,youwillhearfourquestions.Boththeconversationandthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Afteryouhearaquestion,youmustchoosethebestanswerfromthefourchoicesmarkedA），B），C)andD).ThenmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet1withasinglelinethroughthecentre.Questions8to11arebasedontheconversationyouhavejustheard.8.A)Hepassedthedriver’sroadtest.B)Hetookthedriver’stheoryexam.C)Hegothisdriver’slicense.D)Hehadadrivinglesson.9.A)Hewasnotwellprepared.Hewasnotusedtothetestformat.Hedidnotgettotheexamintime.Hedidnotfollowthetestprocedure.A)Theyaretooshort.B)Theyaretough.C)Theyarecostly.D)Theyarehelpful.A)Earnenoughmoneyfordrivinglessons.B)Findanexperienceddrivinginstructor.C)Test-driveafewtimesonhighways.D)Passhisroadtestthefirsttime.Questions12to15arebasedontheconversationyouhavejustheard.A)TheacceptancerateatLeeds.B)Wherethewomanstudies.C)Howtoapplyforstudiesatauniversity.D)Leed’stuitionforinternationalstudents.A)Pursuepostgraduatestudies.Doresearchonhighereducation.ApplytoanAmericanuniversity.Performinafamousmusical.A)Hisuniqueexperience.B)Hisacademicexcellence.C)Hisoutstandingmusicaltalent.D)Hisfavorablerecommendations.A)Travelwidely.Teachoverseas.Doamaster’sdegree.SettledowninEngland.SectionCDirections:Inthissection,youwillhearthreepassages.Attheendofeachpassage,youwillhearthreeorfourquestions.Boththepassageandthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Afteryouhearaquestion,youmustchoosethebestanswerfromthefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD).ThenmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet1withasinglelinethroughthecentre.Questions16to18arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.A)Manyspeciesremainunknowntoscientists.B)Onlyafewspeciescausetroubletohumans.C)Theyhelpfarmerskeepdiseasesincheck.D)Theyliveinincrediblywell-organizedcolonies.A)Theyliketoformcoloniesinelectricalunits.B)Theycansurvivealongtimewithoutwater.C)Theycancausedamagetopeople’shomes.D)Theyarelargerthanmanyotherspecies.A)Refrainfromeatingsugaryfood.B)Destroytheircoloniescloseby.C)Keepdoorsandwindowsshut.D)Denythemaccesstoanyfood.Questions19to21arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.A)Thefunctionofthehumanimmunesystem.B)Thecauseofvariousauto-immunediseases.C)Thechangeinpeople’simmunesystemastheygetolder.D)Thevirusesthatmayinfectthehumanimmunesystem.A)Offerbloodsamples.B)Helptointerviewpatients.C)Actasresearchassistants.D)Reporttheirillnesses.A)StrengtheningpeopleBetterunderstandingpatientsFurtherreducingoldpatientsHelpingimproveoldpeople

’simmunitytoinfection.’immunesystem.’medicalexpenses.’shealthconditions.Questions22to25arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.A)Agroupofkidswereplayingchessafterschool.B)Hisstudentswerestrugglingtofollowhislessons.C)Alotofkidsstayedatschooltodotheirhomework.D)Hisstudentshadtroublegettingonwitheachother.23.A)Jointheschool’schessteam.VisitachessteaminNashville.Receivetrainingforachesscompetition.Participateinanationalchesscompetition.A)Manyhavebecomenationalchesschampions.B)Mostofthemcomefromlow-incomefamilies.C)Acoupleofthemhavegotinvolvedincrimes.D)Manybecamechesscoachesaftergraduation.A)Thinktwicebeforetakingaction.Actionsspeaklouderthanwords.Takeactionbeforeitgetstoolate.Translatetheirwordsintoaction.PartⅢReadingComprehension(40minutes)SectionADirections:Inthissection,thereisapassagewithtenblanks.Youarerequiredtoselectonewordforeachblankfromalistofchoicesgiveninawordbankfollowingthepassage.Readthepassagethroughcarefullybeforemakingyourchoices.Eachchoiceinthebankisidentifiedbyaletter.PleasemarkthecorrespondingletterforeachitemonAnswerSheet2withasinglelinethroughthecentre.Youmaynotuseanyofthewordsinthebankmorethanonce．Questions26to35arebasedonthefollowingpassage.ThecenterofAmericanautomobileinnovationhasinthepastdecademoved2,000milesaway.Ithas__26__fromDetroittoSiliconValley,whereself-drivingvehiclesarecomingintolife.Ina__27__totakeproductionbacktoDetroit,Michiganlawmakershaveintroduced__28__thatcouldmaketheirstatethebestplaceinthecountry,ifnottheworld,todevelopself-drivingvehiclesandputthemontheroad.“Michigan’s__29__inautoresearchanddevelopmentisunderattackfromseveralstatesandcountrieswhichdesireto__30__ourleadershipintransportation.Wecan’tletthathappen,”saysSenatorMikeKowall,thelead__31__offourbillsrecentlyintroduced.Ifallfourbillspassaswritten,theywould__32__asubstantialupdateofMichigan’s2013lawthatallowedthetestingofself-drivingvehiclesinlimitedconditions.Manufacturerwouldhavenearlytotalfreedomtotesttheirself-drivingtechnologyonpublicroads.Theywouldbeallowedtosendgroupsofself-drivingcarsoncross-stateroadtrips,andevensetupon-demand__33__ofself-drivingcars,liketheoneGeneralMotorsandLyftarebuilding.LawmakersinMichiganclearlywanttomakethestatereadyforthecommercialapplicationofself-drivingtechnology.In__34__,California,homeofSiliconValley,recentlyproposedfarmore__35__rulesthatwouldrequirehumandriversbereadytotakethewheel,andbancommercialuseofself-drivingtechnology.A)bidE)fleetsI)replaceM)significantB)contrastF)knotsJ)representN)sponsorC)deputyG)legislationK)restrictiveO)transmittedD)dominanceH)migratedL)rewardSectionBDirections:Inthissection,youaregoingtoreadapassagewithtenstatementsattachedtoeachstatementcontainsinformationgiveninoneoftheparagraphs.Identifytheparagraphfromwhichtheinformationisderived.Youmaychooseaparagraphmorethanonce.Eachparagraphismarkedwithaletter.AnswerthequestionsbymarkingthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet2.HowWorkWillChangeWhenMostofUsLiveto100TodayintheUnitedStatesthereare72,000centenarians（百岁老人）.Worldwide,probably450,000.Ifcurrenttrendscontinue,thenby2050therewillbemorethanamillionintheUSalone.AccordingtotheworkofProfessorJamesVaupelandhisco-researchers,50%ofbabiesbornintheUSin2007havealifeexpectancyof104ormore.BroadlythesameholdsfortheUK,Germany,France,ItalyandCanada,andforJapan50%of2007babiescanexpecttoliveto107.[B]Understandably,thereareconcernsaboutwhatthismeansforpublicfinancesgiventheassociatedhealthandpensionchallenges.Thesechallengesarereal,andsocietyurgentlyneedstoaddressthem.Butitisalsoimportanttolookatthewiderpictureofwhathappenswhensomanypeoplelivefor100years.Itisamistaketosimplyequatelongevity（长寿）withissuesofoldage.Longerliveshaveimplicationsforalloflife,notjusttheendofit.[C]Ourviewisthatifmanypeoplearelivingforlonger,andarehealthierforlonger,thenthiswillresultinaninevitableredesignofworkandlife.Whenpeoplelivelonger,theyarenotonlyolderforlonger,butalsoyoungerforlonger.Thereissometruthinthesayingthat“70isthenew60”or“40thenew30.”Ifyouagemoreslowlyoveralongertimeperiod,thenyouareinsomesenseyoungerforlonger.Butthechangesgofurtherthanthat.Take,forinstance,theageatwhichpeoplemakecommitmentssuchasbuyingahouse,gettingmarried,havingchildren,orstartingacareer.Theseareallfundamentalcommitmentsthatarenowoccurringlaterinlife.In1962,50%ofAmericansweremarriedbyage21.By2014,thatmilestone（里程碑）hadshiftedtoage29.Whiletherearenumerousfactorsbehindtheseshifts,onefactorissurelyagrowingrealizationfortheyoungthattheyaregoingtolivelonger.Optionsaremorevaluablethelongertheycanbeheld.Soifyoubelieveyouwilllivelonger,thenoptionsbecomemorevaluable,andearlycommitmentbecomeslessattractive.Theresultisthatthecommitmentsthatpreviouslycharacterizedthebeginningofadulthoodarenowbeingdelayed,andnewpatternsofbehaviorandanewstageoflifeareemergingforthoseintheirtwenties.Longevityalsopushesbacktheageofretirement,andnotonlyforfinancialreasons.Yes,unlesspeoplearepreparedtosavealotmore,ourcalculationssuggestthatifyouarenowinyourmid-40s,thenyouarelikelytoworkuntilyourearly70s;andifyouareinyourearly20s,thereisarealchanceyouwillneedtoworkuntilyourlate70sorpossiblyevenintoyour80s.Butevenifpeopleareabletoeconomicallysupportaretirementat65,overthirtyyearsofpotentialinactivityisharmfultocognitive（认知的）andemotionalvitality.Manypeoplemaysimplynotwanttodoit.[G]Andyetthatdoesnotmeanthatsimplyextendingourcareersisappealing.Justlengtheningthatsecondstageoffull-timeworkmaysecurethefinancialassetsneededfora100-yearlife,butsuchpersistentworkwillinevitablyexhaustpreciousintangibleassetssuchasproductiveskills,vitality,happiness,andfriendship.[H]Thesameistrueforeducation.Itisimpossiblethatasingleshotofeducation,administeredinchildhoodandearlyadulthood,willbeabletosupportasustained,60-yearcareer.Ifyoufactorintheprojectedratesoftechnologicalchange,eitheryourskillswillbecomeunnecessary,oryourindustryoutdated.Thatmeansthateveryonewill,atsomepointintheirlife,havetomakeanumberofmajorreinvestmentsintheirskills.Itseemslikely,then,thatthetraditionalthree-stagelifewillevolveintomultiplestagescontainingtwo,three,orevenmoredifferentcareers.Eachofthesestagescouldpotentiallybedifferent.Inonethefocuscouldbeonbuildingfinancialsuccessandpersonalachievement,inanotheroncreatingabetterwork/lifebalance,stillanotheronexploringandunderstandingoptionsmorefully,orbecominganindependentproducer,yetanotheronmakingasocialcontribution.Thesestageswillspansectors,takepeopletodifferentcities,andprovideafoundationforbuildingawidevarietyofskills.[J]Transitionsbetweenstagescouldbemarkedwithsabbaticals（休假）aspeoplefindtimetorestandrechargetheirhealth,re-investintheirrelationships,orimprovetheirskills.Attimes,thesebreaksandtransitionswillbeself-determined,atotherstheywillbeforcedasexistingroles,firms,orindustriesceasetoexist.Amulti-stagelifewillhaveprofoundchangesnotjustinhowyoumanageyourcareer,butalsoinyourapproachtolife.Anincreasinglyimportantskillwillbeyourabilitytodealwithchangeandevenwelcomeit.Athree-stagelifehasfewtransitions,whileamulti-stagelifehasmany.Thatiswhybeingself-aware,investinginbroadernetworksoffriends,andbeingopentonewideaswillbecomeevenmorecrucialskills.[L]Thesemulti-stageliveswillcreateextraordinaryvarietyacrossgroupsofpeoplesimplybecausetherearesomanywaysofsequencingthestages.Morestagesmeanmorepossiblesequences.[M]Withthisvarietywillcometheendofthecloseassociationofageandstage.Inathree-stagelife,peopleleaveuniversityatthesametimeandthesameage,theytendtostarttheircareersandfamilyatthesameage,theyproceedthroughmiddlemanagementallroughlythesametime,andthenmoveintoretirementwithinafewyearsofeachother.Inamulti-stagelife,youcouldbeanundergraduateat20,40,or60;amanagerat30,50,or70;andbecomeanindependentproduceratanyage.[N]Currentlifestructures,careerpaths,educationalchoices,andsocialnormsareoutoftunewiththeemergingrealityoflongerlifespans.Thethree-stagelifeoffull-timeeducation,followedbycontinuouswork,andthencompleteretirementmayhaveworkedforourparentsorevengrandparents,butitisnotrelevanttoday.Webelievethattofocusonlongevityasprimarilyanissueofagingistomissitsfullimplications.Longevityisnotnecessarilyaboutbeingolderforlonger.Itisaboutlivinglonger,beingolderlater,andbeingyoungerlonger.Anextendedlifespaninthefuturewillallowpeopletohavemorecareersthannow.Justextendingone’scareermayhavebothpositiveandnegativeeffects.Nowadays,manyAmericanshaveonaveragedelayedtheirmarriagebysomeeightyears.39.Becauseoftheirlongerlifespan,youngpeopletodaynolongerfollowthepatternoflifeoftheirparentsorgrandparents.40.Morepeoplewillbeexpectedtoliveover100bythemid-21stcentury.41.Alongerlifewillcauseradicalchangesinpeople’sapproachtolife.42.Fasttechnologicalchangemakesitnecessaryforonetoconstantlyupgradetheirskills.Manypeoplemaynotwanttoretireearlybecauseitwoulddoharmtotheirmentalandemotionalwell-being.44.Thecloselinkbetweenageandstagemayceasetoexistinamulti-stagelife.45.Peoplelivingalongerandhealthierlifewillhavetorearrangetheirworkandlife.SectionCDirections:Thereare2passagesinthissection.Eachpassageisfollowedbysomequestionsorunfinishedstatements.ForeachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD).YoushoulddecideonthebestchoiceandmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet2withasinglelinethroughthecentre.PassageOneQuestions46to50arebasedonthefollowingpassage.Intheclassicmarriagevow（誓约）,couplespromisetostaytogetherinsicknessandinhealth.Butanewstudyfindsthattheriskofdivorceamongoldercouplesriseswhenthewife—notthehusband—becomesseriouslyill.“Marriedwomendiagnosedwithaserioushealthconditionmayfindthemselvesstrugglingwiththeimpactoftheirdiseasewhilealsoexperiencingthestressofdivorce,”saidresearcherAmeliaKarraker.Karrakerandco-authorKenzieLathamanalyzed20yearsofdataon2,717marriagesfromastudyconductedbyIndianaUniversitysince1992.Atthetimeofthefirstinterview,atleastoneofthepartnerswasovertheageof50.Theresearchersexaminedhowtheonset（发生）offourseriousphysicalillnessesaffectedmarriages.Theyfoundthat,overall,31%ofmarriagesendedindivorceovertheperiodstudied.Theincidenceofnewchronic（慢性的）illnessonsetincreasedovertimeaswell,withmorehusbandsthanwivesdevelopingserioushealthproblems.“Wefoundthatwomenaredoublyvulnerabletomaritalbreak-upinthefaceofillness,”Karrakersaid.“They’remorelikelytobewidowed,andifthey’retheoneswhobecomeill,they’remorelikelytogetdivorced.”Whilethestudydidn’tassesswhydivorceismorelikelywhenwivesbutnothusbandsbecomeseriouslyill,Karrakeroffersafewpossiblereasons.“Gendernormsandsocialexpectationsaboutcaregivingmaymakeitmoredifficultformentoprovidecaretosickspouses,”Karrakersaid.“Andbecauseoftheimbalanceinmarriagemarkets,especiallyinolderages,divorcedmenhavemorechoicesamongprospectivepartnersthandivorcedwomen.”Giventheincreasingconcernabouthealthcarecostsfortheagingpopulation,Karrakerbelievespolicymakersshouldbeawareoftherelationshipbetweendiseaseandriskofdivorce.“Offeringsupportservicestospousescaringfortheirotherhalvesmayreducemaritalstressandpreventdivorceatolderages,"shesaid.“Butit’salsoimportanttorecognizethatthepressuretodivorcemaybehealth-relatedandthatsickex-wivesmayneedadditionalcareandservicestopreventworseninghealthandincreasedhealthcosts.”WhatcanwelearnaboutmarriagevowsfromthepassageA)Theymaynotguaranteealastingmarriage.B)Theyareasbindingastheyusedtobe.C)Theyarenottakenseriouslyanymore.D)Theymayhelpcouplestideoverhardtimes.WhatdidKarrakerandco-authorKenzieLathamfindaboutelderlyhusbandsA)Theyaregenerallynotgoodattakingcareofthemselves.B)Theycanbecomeincreasinglyvulnerabletoseriousillnesses.C)Theycandevelopdifferentkindsofillnessesjustliketheirwives.D)Theyaremorelikelytocontractseriousillnessesthantheirwives.WhatdoesKarrakersayaboutwomenwhofallillTheyaremorelikelytobewidowed.Theyaremorelikelytogetdivorced.Theyarelesslikelytoreceivegoodcare.Theyarelesslikelytobothertheirspouses.WhyisitmoredifficultformentotakecareoftheirsickspousesaccordingtoKarrakerA)Theyaremoreaccustomedtoreceivingcare.B)Theyfinditmoreimportanttomakemoneyforthefamily.C)Theythinkitmoreurgenttofulfilltheirsocialobligations.D)Theyexpectsocietytodomoreofthejob.WhatdoesKarrakerthinkisalsoimportantA)Reducingmaritalstressonwives.B)Stabilizingoldcouples’relations.C)Providingextracarefordivorcedwomen.D)Makingmenpayfortheirwives’healthcosts.PassageTwoQuestions51to55arebasedonthefollowingpassage.Ifyouwerelikemostchildren,youprobablygotupsetwhenyourmothercalledyoubyasibling’s（兄弟姐妹的）name.HowcouldshenotknowyouDiditmeanshelovedyoulessProbablynot.Accordingtothefirstresearchtotacklethistopichead-on,misnamingthemostfamiliarpeopleinourlifeisacommoncognitive（认知的）errorthathastodowithhowourmemoriesclassifyandstorefamiliarnames.Thestudy,publishedonlineinAprilinthejournalMemoryandCognition,foundthatthe“wrong”nameisnotrandombutisinvariablyfishedoutfromthesamerelationshippond:children,siblings,friends.Thestudydidnotexaminethepossibilityofdeeppsychologicalsignificancetothemistake,sayspsychologistDavidRubin,“butitdoestelluswho’sinandwho’soutofthegroup.”Thestudyalsofoundthatwithinthatgroup,misnamingsoccurredwherethenamessharedinitialorinternalsounds,likeJimmyandJoanieorJohnandBob.Physicalresemblancebetweenpeoplewasnotafactor.Norwasgender.Theresearchersconductedfiveseparatesurveysofmorethan1,700people.Someofthesurveysincludedonlycollegestudents;otherswere