初中英语句子成分及五种基本句型讲解与练习

.....句子成分&五种基本句型一、考点、热点回顾I句子的成分]〔直接宾语、间接宾语宾语补足语等。〔一〕主语：主语是谓语讲述的对象，表示所说的“是什么”或“是谁”。一般由名词、代词、不定式或相当于名词的词或短语来充当。它在句首。如：〔1〕Lucyisabeautifulnurse〔.名词作主语〕〔2Hereadsnewspapersevery〔3Smokingisharmfultothe〔4ToswiminKunmingLakeisagreat〔5Whatweshoulddoisnotyet〔二〕谓语必须是动词在主语后面。如：HisparentsareWestudyhard.〔行为动词作谓语〕WedontfinishreadingthebokHecanspeakEnglish.〔三〕宾语宾语是动作、行为的对象，由名词、代词、不定式或相当于名词的词、短语来担任，它和与物动词一起说明主语做什么。一般放在谓语之后。SheisdoingherhomeworkoShe

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sheislWeoftenhelphmHelikestoplayWeenjoylisteningtothe说明1：宾语是与物动词涉与到的人或物，宾语一般放在与物动词之后。介词后面的名词或代词或动名词，称为介词宾语。名词、代词、数词常在句中做动词宾语或介词宾语。另外，动词不定式可作动词宾语；动名词和宾语从句也可用作动词宾语。说明2：与物动词作谓语时，后面要跟宾语。宾语分直接宾语和间接宾语。直接宾语是与物动词的直接对象，直接宾语指物，间接宾语通常是与物动词的动作所与的人，间接宾语指人。间接宾语一般放在直接宾语之前。give,shwbring,pass,y1Ourteachertellsusastory.〔2〕Thesungivesuslight.“fo“fo。★间接宾语前加“to”的有：give,show,send,bring,read,pass,lend,leave,hand,tell,return,ite,throw,应〕,拒绝〕等。★间接宾语加“for”的有：make,buy,do,get,playresing,ay〔1〕Igivehimabook改.成：〔2Hepassesmethe〔3Hewritesmealetter

成：〔4〕Hewillbuymesomebooks.改成：〔5〕Sheismakingmeacake.改成：〔四〕宾语补足语在宾语后面补充说明宾语的动作、状态、特征的成分，称为宾语补足语。名词、形容词、副词、介词短语以与动词不定式、分词等可用作宾语补足语。宾语和宾语补足语称为复合宾语。如：TheymakeherIseeherto的不定式〕We’llhutomaketheOlympicsasucs〕PleaseletWeheardhersingingaog〔五〕表语表语说明主语“是什么”或者“怎么样在系动词后面。如：IamaHeisalwaysTheyareontheplaygroundItgetsBeamwas,re系动词keep,stay,in，becomefee，soundseem/lootas如：Itsounds表语〕

尝起来〕，Weshouldallremaincareful表语〕〔六〕定语定语是用来修饰名词或代词的。形容词、代词、数词、名词、介词短语、不等式或相当于形容词的词或短语等。单个词如：TheblackbikeisWhat’syourTheymakepaper说明：当定语修饰不定代词：nothing,anything,everything,soehn在不定代词后面。如：tellhimsomethinginteresti的后置定语〕Hehassomethingtodo.〔to为不定式作后置定语〕说明2：短语或从句如：Theboysintheroomarein

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介词短语作theboy的后置定语。〕〔七〕状语一般放在句末，但有的可以放在句首、句中。如：HediditWeoftenhelphmHermothergoesouttodosomeshoppingonWhenIgrowup,IamgoingtobeaecesitsII.如：Thesunrises.阳升起来。Thecarstoppdrise和stop都是不与物动词，因此后边不必加宾语。如：Ilovemycountry.Hehelpsme.Ilikeactionmovies.Ibuyabook.如：Herbrotherisadriver.Wefeel为系动词，表示感到……〕ItgetsTomlooksill.look为系动词，表示看上去，看起来〕givesTomaMothermakeanewdress如：TheycallherMaryWemakeourclassroomcleanandtdHealwaysmakesus二、典型例题写出划线部分的句子成分。Lilyiscleaningthedesknow.Hergardenisthebestinourtown.LiuMingisthirteenyearsold.Ilikethisbookverymuch.Thegirlontheblueesister.mypartybecauseshewasill.WangPingdoeshishomeworkcarefully.WewilltotheChildren’scaweek.Theyareintheclassroom.Itsoundsgood.HisnameisPaul.Wealwaysgotoschoolearly.三、课后练习(一)挑出下列句中的宾语①Mybrotherdoesn'tdohishomework.A B C D②PeopleallovertheworldspeakEnglish.A B C D③Youmustpaygoodattentiontoyourpronunciation.A B C D④Howmanynewwordsdoyoulearn?A BC D⑤Somestudentsintheschoolwanttogoswimming,howaboutyou?A B C D(二)挑出下列句中的表语①Theoldmanisfeelingverytired.A B C D②WhyisheworriedaboutJim?A B C D③Theleaveshaveturnedyellow.A B C D④SoonTheyallbecomeinterestedinthesubject.A B C D⑤Sheisthefirsttolearnaboutit.A B C D(三)挑出下列句中的定语①TheyuseMr.Mrs.withthefamilyname.A B C D②Whatisyourgivenname?A B C D③OnthethirdlapareClass1andClass3.A BC D④Iamafraidsomepeopleforgottosweepthefloor.A B C D⑤Themandownstairswastryingtosleep.A B C D〔四)挑出下列句中的宾语补足语①Shelikesthechildrentoreadnewspapers&booksinthereading-room.A B C D②Heaskshertotaketheboyoutofschool.A B C D③Shefinditdifficulttodothework.A B C D④TheycallmeLilysometimes.ABC D⑤IsawMr.Wanggetonthebus.AB C D(五)挑出下列句中的状语①Thereisabigsmileonherface.A B C D②Everynightheheardthenoiseupstairs.A B C D③HebegantolearnEnglishwhenhewaseleven.A B C D④Themanonthemotorbikeistravellingtofast.A B C D⑤Withthemedicineboxunderherarm,MissLihurriedoff.A BC D(六)划出句中的直接宾语()和间接宾语〔〕①Pleasetellusastory.②Myfatherboughtanewbikeformelastweek.③Mr.Liisgoingtoteachushistorynextterm.④Hereisapen.GiveittoTom.⑤Doesheleaveanymessageforme?(七)写出下列句子的结构Th