英语词汇学自考题-4

1、英语词汇学自考题-4（总分：100.00 ,做题时间：90分钟）一、I .（总题数：15,分数：30.00）I.Which kind of meaning is the meaning that is given in the dictionary and that forms the core of word-meaning?A. Conceptual meaning. B. Grammatical meaning.C. Lexical meaning. D. Associative meaning.（分数：2.00）A. VB.C.D.解析：2.The semantic change of

2、 the word girl from a young person of either sex to female young person is called.extension B. narrowingC. degradation D. elevation（分数：2.00）A.VC.D.解析：3.Tulip and rose are of flower.A. synonyms B. antonymshomonyms D. hyponyms（分数：2.00）A.B.C.V解析：上下义关系（hyponymy）指的是词语之间的语义包含关系，即一个意思比较具体的词包含在另外一个 意思比较具有概括

3、性的词里面。题目中的“ tulip ”和“rose”两个词包含在“flower ” 一词的语义里面 4.Transfer as a mode of semantic change can be illustrated by the example of.A. domicile for home B. diminutive for weeC. purse for money D. beaver for girl/（分数：2.00）A.B.C. VD.解析：转移(transfer)指的是本来指代一样事物的词语转而指代其他的事物。题目中的“ purse”原来指装硬币或者纸币的扁平小包，现在则可以指钱

4、。这种转移叫相关性转移(associative transfer) 。.The word criticize means to find fault with nowadays. But its original meaning was.A. curse B. reviewC. appraise D. view(分数：2.00)A.B.C. VD.解析：词的降格(degradation)指的是本来含有褒义或者能使人产生积极联想的词逐渐含有贬义的过程。题目中的“criticize ”原意为“评价”，而其现在的意思是“批评”。.explains the connection between the

5、 literal sense and figurative sense of the word.A. Etymological motivation B. Semantic motivationC. Morphological motivation D. Onomatopoeic motivation(分数：2.00)A.B. VC.D.解析：语义理据指的是由词的概念意义激发出的对词的相关联想，它可以解释词的字面意义和比喻意义的 联系。.Which two of the following are perfect homonyms?A. Bear (n.)/Bear (v.). B. Are

6、(v.)/R.C. Bow (n.)/Bow (v.). D. Sow (v.)/Sow (n.).(分数：2.00)A. VB.C.D.解析：完全同形同音异义词(perfect homonyms)指的是词形和发音都相同但是意义不同的词。题目中“boW (n.)和“boW (v.)组及soW (v.)和“soW (n.)互为同形异音异义词(homographs) ； are和R互为同音异形异义词(homophones),但D项两词发音不相同，不是完全同形同音异义词。.The differences between synonyms boil down to the three areas:.A

7、. denotation, connotation and intensity B. connotation, intensity and applicationC. denotation, connotation and application D. connotation, implication and application(分数：2.00)A.B.D.解析：同义词之间的差异主要表现在以下几个方面：外延 （denotation）,内涵（connotation）,以及各自的 应用（application） 。.Words like miaow, tick-tuck and ping-po

8、ng are motivated.A. onomatopoeically B. morphologicallyC. semantically D. etymologically（分数：2.00）V解析：题目中miaoW , “tick -tuck , ping - pong等词都是通过模仿自然莽中的声音而产生的，它 们的发膏可以表示出其意义，因此它们都是拟声理据（onomatopoeically motivated） 词。10.Antonyms are often used in proverbs to.A. form antithesis to achieve emphasis B. exp

9、ress ideas easilyC. form metaphors D. express ideas economically（分数：2.00）V解析：反义词（antonyms）常常被放置在一起，形成对偶 （antithesis）,以此起到强调的作用。许多格言、 谚语都有此特征，例如： more haste , less speed（欲速则不迭）。11.That the relationship between the word-form and meaning is conventional and arbitrary means that.the connection between t

10、he sign and mean ing has a logical explanationall the words are non-motivatedthe connection between the sign and meaning does not have a logical explanationnone of the above（分数：2.00）V解析：12.Extension can be illustrated by the following example: .A. butcher - one who kills goats B. journal - periodica

11、lC. companion - one who shares bread D. mill - places for grinding（分数：2.00）V解析：词义的扩大（extension）指的是原本意思较为具体的词的意思变得较为概括的过程。题目中的“journal ”原意为“日报”，而现在的意思是“期刊”。13.Motivation accounts for the connection between the word-form and.A. its referent B. its referring expressionsC. its meaning D. its concept（分数：

12、2.00）V解析：14.The antonyms big and small are.contradictory terms B. contrary termsC. relative terms D. connected terms（分数：2.00）A.V解析：对立反义词（contrary terms）可通过两个反义词意义的两极之间不同层级的对立得以最好地体现。此类反义词是可以分级、对立存在的。15.From the diachronic point of view, when the word was created, it was endowed with only onemeaning.

13、 The first meaning is called .A. primary meaning B. derived meaningC. central meaning D. basic meaning（分数：2.00）V解析：二、n.（总题数：5,分数：15.00）1 is a semantic process in which the primary meaning stands at the center and the second meaning proceeds out in every direction like rays.（分数：3.00）填空项1: （正确答案：Radia

14、tion ）解析：one thing changes to refer to a different butrelated1 is a process by which a word denoting thing.（分数：3.00）填空项1: （正确答案：Transfer ）解析：Contrary terms are 1 antonyms.（分数：3.00）填空项1: （正确答案：gradable ）解析：19.By etymological motivation, we mean that the meaning of a particular word is related to its

15、1.（分数：3.00）填空项1: （正确答案：origin ）解析：20.Ground floor in British English and first floor in American English have the same 1.（分数：3.00）填空项1: （正确答案：sense）解析：三、山.（总题数：5,分数：20.00）21.connotation（分数：4.00） 正确答案：（Connotation refer to the overtones or associations suggested by the conceptual meaning.）解析：22.motiv

16、ation4.00）正确答案：（Motivation refers to the relationship between the structure of a word/the linguistic symbol and is meaning.） 解析：23.contrary terms4.00） 正确答案：（Antonyms of this type are best viewed in terms of a scale running between two polesor extremes, such as rich and poor.）解析：24.hyponymy（分数：4.00）

17、正确答案：（Hyponymy deals with the relationship of semantic inclusion. That is, the meaning of a more specific word is included in that of another more general word.）解析：25.collocative meaning（分数：4.00） 正确答案：（Collocative meaning is the word-meaning which is suggested by the words before or after the word i

18、n discussion.）解析：四、IV.（总题数：3,分数：15.00）.What is a semantic field? Why is it useful in our reading?（分数：5.00） 正确答案：（A semantic field is a meaning area where words share the same concept. A semantic field is useful because it helps pin down the meanings of words in relation to other words in the semanti

19、c field. Often, a word is not known until the words that operate with it become known.）解析：.What is the difference between polysemy and perfect homonyms?（分数：5.00） 正确答案：（Polysemy is a commonfeature of all natural languages: it means a word has two or more meanings. Perfect homonyms are words identical

20、 both in sound and spelling, but different in meaning.）解析：.How do you understand semantic motivation?（分数：5.00） 正确答案：（Semantic motivation refers to the mental associations suggested by the conceptual meaning of a word. It explains the connection between the literal sense and figurative sense of the word.）解析：五、V.（总题数：2,分数：20.00）.Explain the meaning of the phrase a laconic answer, using the theory of motivation.(分数：10.00 )正确答案：(Laconic is derived from Laco