情态动词和虚拟语气

1、情态动词和虚拟语气考生需要掌握的主要考点 :1. 情态动词的基本用法 ;2. 部分情态动词的特殊用法 ,如 must, should 等 ;3. 条件句中虚拟语气以及倒装用法 ;4. 虚拟语气的部分特殊情况。考点 1 考查情态动词的基本用法 考题精练1. （2017?北京）Samuel, the tallest boy in our class,easilyreach the books on the top shelf.【答案与解析】can表示能力，用can。句意:Samuel是我们班最高的男生他能 很轻松地够着书架顶上的书。2. （2016?天津）lt was really annoyin

2、 g; I（ca n） get access to the data bank youhad recommended.【答案与解析】 couldnt 句意:这真令人生气 ;我不能进入你推荐的数据库。根 据题干中的 was 可知,此处要用过去时 ;再结合句意可知 ,还需用否定形式。 考点追踪1. 考查表示能力的情态动词 can, could和be able to;2. 考查表示请求或允诺的情态动词shall, may, might, can, could, would, shoulc等;3. 考查表示推测的情态动词 can, could, may, might, must, should等。（2

3、017?全国 U ）Tell the person yoii re sorry and explain that you have a million things to do and the n ask if the two of you can talk at a differe nt time.告诉对方你很抱歉 ,并解释你有很多事要做 ,然后询问是否你们能另约时间交谈。If you will come into the hall, the meeting will begin soon. 请到大厅里来 ,会议快要 开始了。You shall have a lot of mo ney尔会有

4、很多钱的。The new law states that people mustn t drive after drinking alcohol. 新法律声明人 们不准酒后驾车。考题精练1. （2014?江苏）lt was sad to me that they, so poor themselves,bring me food.【答案与解析】 should 本句中的 should 表示“竟然”。句意:让我难过的是 ,如此贫穷的他们竟然给我带来了食物。2. （2012?陕西）l thank you too much for all your help to my son while wewer

5、e away from home.【答案与解析】 cant 所填情态动词与 too 构成固定句型 cant.too., 意为 “再都不为过”。考点追踪1. cant 与 too / over / enough / perfectly / sufficiently 等词连用 ,意为 “无论怎 样也不为过” ;2. cannot wait to do sth 意为“急于做某事” ;3. would 和 used to 的区别；4. should 表示“竟然” ;5. may / might as well+动词原形”意为“还不如；不妨;还是的好”。We ca n t be too careful

6、in matters like this.在类似这样的问题上我们越谨慎越好。I was shocked that she should have said such a thing to yo她竟然对你说这种话，真 让我吃惊。Si nee you will know the matter sooner or later, I might as well tell you now.既然你迟 早都会知道这件事 ,我倒不如现在就告诉你。考点 3 考查情态动词 +have done 的用法考题精练1. （2016?浙江）George（go） too far. His coffee is still w

7、arm.【答案与解析】 can t have gone 句意:乔治肯定没有走远 ,他的咖啡还是热的。对过去的否定推测用“ can t have done”结构。2. （2014?湖北）You（in terrupt）the meet ing to tell me that; you could have cometo tell me afterwards.【答案与解析】 shouldn t have interrupted / oughtn t to have interrupted 考查 的是对过去情况的虚拟，使用“情态动词+have do ne”的形式。should nt / oughtn

8、t to have done表示“本不应该做（实际上却做了）”。3. （2013?辽宁）Harry is feeling uncomfortable.He （drink） too much at theparty last night.【答案与解析】 must have drunk 根据空格后面的 last night 可知,哈利喝酒一事 是过去的事情 ;再结合语境可知 ,此处表示对过去发生的事情的肯定推测 ,应该用“ must have done” 结构。考点追踪“情态动词+have do nW结构表示责备、批评、抱怨、猜测等，主要有may / might/ can /could have

9、done “本来可以做 （而实际上没有）” ;should / ought to have done “本来应该做 （而实际上没有）” ;needn t have done “本不必做 （实 际却做了）” ;must have done “肯定做了 ” 。Mr Smith can t have gone to Beijing, for I saw him in the library just now. 史密斯先 生不可能去北京了 ,因为我刚才还在图书馆见过他。He might have give n you more help, eve n though he was busy他 本来可以多

10、给你一 些帮助 ,即使他很忙。Tom, you are too lazy. The work should have been finished yesterday. 汤姆,你太懒 惰了 ,这项工作本来昨天就应该做完的。考点 4 考查虚拟语气在非真实条件句中的基本用法 考题精练1. （2017?北京）lf the new safety system （put） to use, the accident wouldnever have happened.【答案与解析】 had been put 此处指和过去相反的愿望 ,条件句中谓语动词用 had done形式,而且system和put在逻辑上是

11、动宾关系，故用had been put。2. （2016?浙江）Had the governme nts and scie ntists not worked together, AIDS-relateddeaths （fall） since their highest in 2005.【答案与解析】 would not have fallen 根据条件句中的 had done 可知 ,主句谓语 应用“ would have done”结构,表示对过去情况的虚拟。3. （2015?四川改错 ）What do you think I should do? If you are me, would

12、 you talk to them?【答案与解析】 are 改为 were 根据语境可知 ,此处需要用虚拟语气 ,因为与现在 事实不相符 ,故把 are 改成 were。4. （2015?北京）lf I（see） it with my own eyes, I wouldn t have believed it.【答案与解析】hadn t seen 根据后半句wouldn t have believed可以判断这 是对过去的虚拟。所以从句谓语用had done形式。考点追踪1. 与现在事实相反的假设，用“If+主语+动词的过去式（be用were）,主语+would / should / coul

13、d / might / ought to + 动词原形”结构 ;2. 与过去事实相反的假设,用“If +主语+had done,主语+should / would / could / might+have done” 结构;3. 与将来事实相反的假设，用“ lf+主语+were+不定式/ should+动词原形/ 一般过 去时，主语 +should / would / could / might / ought to + 动词原形”结构。If I knew his telephone number, I would tell you. 如果我知道他的电话号码 ,我就会 告诉你。考点 5 考查省

14、略非真实条件句中的 if考题精练1. （2017?江苏） （be） it not for the support of the teachers, the student couldnot overcome her difficulty.【答案与解析】 Were 句意:如果没有老师们的帮助 ,这个学生不可能克服困难。 根据题干中的 could not overcome 可知,这是对现实的虚拟。 在 if 引导的非真实条 件句中，可以省去if,同时把be动词提前，故填were。2. （2015?江苏 ）It might have saved me some trouble （have）I kno

15、wn theschedule.【答案与解析】 had 句意 :我如果早知道日程安排 ,就可能会省去一些麻烦。根据题干中might have saved可知主句是对过去的虚拟，从句应用if I had known与主 句保持一致。if虚拟条件句中含有had时，可将if省去,同时将had提前构成倒装 结构。考点追踪当if引导的虚拟条件句中的谓语动词含有were, should, had时,if可以省略，这时从句要用倒装语序，即将were, should, had等词置于句首。Had you been here just now, you would have met her. 你要是刚才在这儿 ,

16、就见到她 了。Were I not busy, I would have come.假如我不忙，我就会来了。考点 6 考查虚拟语气的特殊情况 考题精练（2015?天津）I wish I （be） at my sister s wedding last Tuesday, but I was on abusiness trip in New York then.【答案与解析】 had been 句意:上周二我本希望参加我姐姐的婚礼 ,但那时我在 纽约出差。本题考查在 wish 引导的宾语从句中使用虚拟语气的情况,表示与过去 事实相反的愿望 ,从句用 had done 结构。考点追踪1. 考查主从句

17、时间不一致的虚拟条件句。 在虚拟条件句中 ,主句和条件从句的谓语 动作若不是同时发生时 ,虚拟语气的形式应做相应的调整 ;2. 考查名词性从句中的虚拟语气 ,在含有表示坚持、 建议、 命令、要求等动词或名 词 （order, require, insist, suggest, demand, propose, advise, suggestion, advice, proposal等）的名词性从句和在it作形式宾语或形式主语的复合句中，宾语补足语 是 necessary / strange / essential / natural / apity / a shame 等表示“惊奇、惋惜或理应

18、如此”等含义的词时 ,从句中的谓语动 词需用“ should+动词原形”，其中should可以省略；3. 其他词如 wish, as if / though, if only, would rather, otherwise, without 等引导的虚 拟语气。The workers dema nded that their wages （should） be raised by 10 perce nt.工人们要 求增加百分之十的工资。I wish she had taken my advice那时她要是接受我的建议就好了。They treat me as though I were a s

19、tra nger.他们待我如陌生人。笔记 1 正确判断情态动词状元绝招有些情态动词需要用在特定的句型中，如may表示推测时,往往用在肯定或否定句 中;must表示推测只能用于肯定句中。运用此法就是通过分析所给句子的句型特 点,选用具有特定句型特点的情态动词。优生题库（2010?陕西）一May I take this book out of the readi ng room?No,you .You read it in here.【答案与解析】 mustnt 句意: “我可以把这本书带出阅览室吗 ?”“不可以 ,你 一定不能带出去。你就在这里读。 ” mustnt 表示禁止 ;不准。笔记 2

20、正确判断语境状元绝招情态动词主要表示说话人的语气、情感或态度,所以在解答此类试题时 ,一定要注意说话者的语气 （这也是解题的难点 ）,这就要求考生正确理解句子 ,从说话者的角 度去考虑问题 ,结合具体的语境来分析和判断 ,最后确定所需情态动词是否符合特 定的情感需要。优生题库Just as we were sitting down to have dinner, the telephonering.【答案与解析】 must 此处 must 表示说话人感到不耐烦 ,意为“偏要”。句意 :正 当我们要坐下来吃饭时 ,偏偏电话铃响了。笔记 3 正确判断动词形式状元绝招虚拟语气可以用在状语从句、名词性

21、从句、定语从句中 ,在不同的从句中 ,虚拟语 气可以用不同的动词形式来体现 ,如 if 引导的非真实条件句 （分三种情形 ）,wish 后 的宾语从句 ,“It is time that.”这种形式的定语从句等。所以 ,掌握了各类从句中 虚拟语气的动词形式 ,就基本上掌握了虚拟语气的用法。优生题库If we (take) the other road,we might have arrived here in time for the meeting.【答案与解析】 had taken 句意 :如果我们走另一条路的话 ,我们或许能够及时到 达这里参加这次会议了。根据主句的谓语动词 might

22、have arrived 可以推出 ,本句 是与过去事实相反的虚拟语气，所以if条件句中的谓语动词应该用have done结构单句填空1. （2017?天津）My room is a mess, but I （need） clean it before I go outtonight. I can do it in the morning.2. （2016?北京）Why didn t you tell me about your trouble last week? If you （tell） me, I could have helped.3. （2015?湖南）Remember, howe

23、ver, that you should usually con sult differe nt types ofsources. That is, you always rely just on the Internet for your research.4. （2015?重庆）Without his wartime experie nces, Hemingway（write） his famous novel A Farewell to Arms.5. （2015?重庆）You be Carol. You haven t changed a bit after all these yea

24、rs.6. （2015?四川）You be careful with the camera. It costs!7. （2015?陕西）You feel all the training a waste of time, but I m a hundredpercent sure later you ll be grateful you did it.8. （2015?陕西）Elle n is a fan tastic dan cer. I wish I（da nee） as well as her.9. （2015?福建）一Sorry, Mum! I failed the job in te

25、rview aga in.Oh, it s too bad. You （make） full preparations.10. （2015 ?安徽）It is lucky we booked a room, or we （have） no where to stay now.11. （2014?大纲）Although youfind bargai ns in Lon do n, it s not gen erally acheap place to shop.12. （2014?安徽）People are recycling many things which they （throw） awa

26、y inthe past.【答案与解析】1. needn t 句意:我的房间很乱 ,但是在今晚我出去之前不需要打扫 ,我可以明天 早晨再打扫。此处指不需要 ,用 needn t。2. had told此处是与过去事实相反的假设，故从句谓语动词用had done结构。3. shouldn t 句意:记住,无论如何 ,你都应该查阅不同类型的资料。也就是说 ,你 不应该总是依赖互联网。此处 shouldn t 表示“不应该”。4. wouldn t have written根据“ without his wartime experiences”可知，此处表示与过去事实相反的假设，故主句用“ woul

27、dn t have done”结构。5. must此处must表示对现在肯定的推测，意为“一定;肯定”。6. must根据下文的it costs可知，照相机很昂贵，此处must表示“必须”。7. may 此处表示不确定性 ,用情态动词 may。8. daneed I wish表示“但愿”，后面接宾语从句用虚拟语气，和现在相反用一般过 去时。9. should have made 考查“情态动词 +have done” 结构。should have done 表示 “本来应该做某事 （而实际上没做 ）”。10. would have 考查or引导含蓄虚拟条件句。本句相当于“ if we had

28、nt booked a room, we would have no where to stay now ”，根据 now 可知是对现在进行虚拟 , 因此用would+动词原形。11. can 此处 can 表示 “能够”。12. would have thrown would have done 表示“过去常常做某事” ,是对过去发生 的事情的推测。I .单句填空1. As the deadline is drawing near, no one leave with his own workuncompleted.2. The young fire-fighter insisted tha

29、t he (be) well-prepared and (be)sent there to put out the fire.3. How I wish I (pass) the geography exam! So youre sorry that you didnt work hard.4. I m afraid I have to leave now, for you see, he is waiting for me. Well, if you , at least wait till the heavy rain stops.5.I was ill that day, otherwi

30、se I (take) part in the sports meet.6.It is required by law that a driving test (take) before a man gets a license.7.Its time that we (do) something quickly.8.Sorry, Im late. I might (turn) off the alarm clock and gone back to sleepagain.9. We could (face) the difficulty together, but why didn t you

31、 tell me?10. Jack, look! Everybody is doing homework quietly.you make a noise in class?11. Luckily the man missed the high-speed train to Wenzhou, or he have beenkilled in the accident.12. May I watch TV for another 15 minutes, Mum? Oh, dear, if you.13.I want to open the window, but it open.14.The e

32、xamination results suggested that I (be) in poor health, so thedoctor suggested that I (take) much exercise to improve it.【答案与解析】1. shall 句意:截止日期即将到来 ,不完成工作 ,任何人都不许离开。 shall 用于第三 人称陈述句中 ,表示“命令 ;警告”。2. was;(should)be 句意:那位年轻的消防员坚持说他准备好了 ,并且坚持要去那里 救火。当 insist 意为“坚持说 ;坚持认为”时用陈述语气 ,且根据主句时态为一般 过去时可知 ,从句也

33、应用过去时。当 insist 意为“坚持要求”时从句要用虚拟语 气,谓语动词用“ should+动词原形”，其中should可以省略。3. had passed 句意“我多么希望通过了地理考试啊 !” “这么说你后悔没有努力 学习了。”根据语境可知 ,此处表示对过去的虚拟 ,故从句中谓语动词应用 had done 结构。4. must 句意: “恐怕现在我不得不离开了 ,因为你知道 ,他在等我。”“好的 ,如果你 非得走，至少要等到大雨停了再走。”根据语境可知此处填 must，意为“偏要；非 得”。5. would have taken 句意:那天我病了 ,否则我就参加运动会了。根据语境可推知

34、 设空处是与过去事实相反的虚拟语气 ,故答案为 would have taken。6. (should) be taken 句意:法律规定 ,一个人在获得驾照之前要先参加驾照考试。“It is required that. ”句式中，that从句中的谓语动词用“ should+动词原形”, 其中should可以省略；又因为test与take之间是逻辑上的动宾关系，故用被动语 态，即(should) be taken。7. did / should doIt s time that.意为“该做的时候”，从句常用虚拟语气，即从句谓语动词用 should do 或动词的过去式。8. have tur

35、ned might have done 表示“可能做了”。9. have faced根据“why didn t you tell me”可知,此处是对过去情况进行虚拟。could have done表示“本可以做(实际上却未做)”。10. Must 此处must表示“偏要；非要”。11. might 根据语境可知 ，此处是推测过去的可能性 ，但并没有把握 ，所以用 mighthave done表示“(过去)或许已经发生了” 。12. must 此处must表示“偏要;非要”。13. won t 此处 will 表示习惯或反复发生的动作 ，意为“老是 ；总是”。14. was;(should)

36、take suggest表示“表明；暗示”时后接陈述语气，而且整句时态 为过去时，故第一空用was。suggest表示“建议”时后接虚拟语气，谓语动词用“should+动词原形”，其中should可以省略，故第二空用(should) take。n .单句改错1. As for the consumers， they had better have their own judgment and not were puzzled by ads.2. You shouldn t have bought so much food， because I have prepared everything

37、we need for the picnic.3. Most citizens in Hong Kong strongly insisted that those who attacked the policewith violence were put into prison.4. He made a suggestion that we did some volunteer work this weekend.5. Don t be sleepy all day. It s time that you fight for your dream.6. What do you think I should do