Benjamin-Franklin本杰明富兰克林ppt课件

1、Benjamin Franklin,1706-1790,1. Life Experience2. Great Contributions3. Literary Works4. Evaluation,第1章,content,He was born in Boston, the youngest son of a poor craftsman on January 17,1706. He had little formal education, but he taught himself by reading widely. At 17, he ran away to Philadelphia t

2、o make his own fortune and became a successful printer and publisher. At 24, as the owner and the editor of Pennsylvania Gazette , he made the periodical (周刊，杂志)popular. In 1751, he helped to establish an academy that eventually the university of Pennsylvania. In 1748, he began to devoted the rest o

3、f life to science, literature, diplomacy. On March 17,1790, he died,Life Experience,Writer,Statesman,Businessman,Scientist,Model of the American dream,Printer,Philosopher,Inventor,Diplomat,Franklins Contributions to Society,Humanitarian American first circulating library University of Pennsylvania P

4、hiladelphia hospital Pennsylvania militia,Serving god best is to contribute your talent to the people and community,Franklins Contributions to Science,A scientist with lots of inventions and a famous experiment (kite, electricity, thunderstorm); first applied the terms “positive” and “negative” to e

5、lectrical charges. effective street lighting, the Franklin stove, bifocal glasses and efficient heating devices,Franklins Contributions to the U.S,a statesman, diplomat ,negotiator He conducted the difficult negotiations with France that brought financial and military support for America in the war

6、He was the only American to sign the four documents that created the United States: The Declaration of Independence, The Treaty of Alliance with France, The Treaty of Peace with England, The Constitution,Poor Richards Almanac穷查理的年历/格言历书,Modeled on farmers annual calendar; Kept publishing for many ye

7、ars; Includes many classical sayings,Litery Works,Excerpts / ekspt/ from Poor Richards Almanac,A penny saved is a penny earned.” “Early to bed, and early to rise, makes a man healthy, wealthy, and wise.” God helps those who help themselves. Beware of little expenses: a small leak will leak a great s

8、hip. Eat to live, and not live to eat. Be slow in choosing a friend, slower in changing,省一文等于挣一文；聚沙可以成塔，积水可以成河 。 早睡早起,使人健康、富有和聪明 。 天助自助者 。 小小开支不可随意，小小漏洞会沉大船。 吃饭是为了活着,活着不是为了吃饭。 选择朋友要谨慎，换朋友更要谨慎,The Autobiography of Benjamin Franklin 本杰明富兰克林自传,It was considered to be the greatest autobiography produced

9、 in Colonial America which was published here contained 14 chapters,Content,Four parts written at four different times 1st part: 1771; a letter to his son; about 80 pages; his life before the age of 25 2nd part: 1784; his life between the age of 25 and 42; 3rd part: 1788; his social and scientific l

10、ife; 4th part: 1790; his life between his retirement and death,Thirteen Virtues” （13条美德,1.Temperance:Eatnottodullness;drinknotto elevation. 节制。食不过饱；饮酒不醉。 2.Silence:Speaknotbutwhatmaybenefitothersoryourself;avoidtriflingconversation. 缄默。言则于人于己有益，不作无益闲聊。 3.Order:Letallyourthingshavetheirplaces;leteach

11、partofyourbusinesshaveitstime. 秩序。各样东西放在一定地方；各项日常事务应有一定的处理时间,4.Resolution:Resolvetoperformwhatyouought;performwithoutfailwhatyouresolve. 决断。事情当做必做；既做则坚持到底。 5.Frugality:Makenoexpensebuttodogoodtoothersoryourself;i.e.,wastenothing. 节俭。花钱须于人于己有益，即不浪费。 6.Industry:Losenotime;bealwaysemployedinsomethingus

12、eful;cutoffallunnecessaryactions. 勤勉。不浪费时间；每时每刻做有用之事，戒除一切不必要的行动,7.Sincerity:Usenohurtfuldeceit;thinkinnocentlyandjustly;and,ifyouspeak,speak accordingly. 诚恳。不欺骗人；思想纯洁公正；说话也应诚实。 8.Justice:Wrongnonebydoinginjuries,or omittingthebenefitsthatareyourduty. 正直。不做不利他人之事，切勿忘记履行对人有益的义务而伤害他人。 9.Moderation:Avoi

13、dextremes;forbearresentinginjuries,somuchasyouthinktheydeserve. 中庸。勿走极端；受到应有的处罚，应当加以容忍,10.Cleanliness:Toleratenounclearnessinbody,clothes,orhabitation. 整洁。身体、衣服和住所应力求清洁。 11.Tranquility:Benotdisturbedattrifles,orataccidentscommonorunavoidable. 平静。勿因琐事或普通而不可避免的事件而烦恼。 12.Chastity:Rarelyusevenerybutforh

14、ealthoroffspring,nevertodullness,weakness,ortheinjuryofyourownoranotherspeaceorreputation. 节欲。除了为了健康或生育后代起见，不常举行房事，切戒房事过度，伤害身体或损害你自己或他人的安宁或名誉 13.Humility:ImitateJesusandSocrates. 谦逊。效法耶稣和苏格拉底,In The Autobiography we will be able to notice: 1)Puritanisms influence, such as self-examination and self-i

15、mprovement a how-to-do-it book (timetable,thirteen virtues, life style) Hard work was an ethic, a step toward salvation; 2)Enlightenment spirits (mans nature is good, rights of liberty, virtues include “order”) a success story of self-reliance, the fulfillment of the American dream,why is his Autobi

16、ography important,1) It is the first of its kind in American literature. 2) It is a puritan document. 3) It is the illustration of American dream. 4) It is the best example of plain style,Comments on Autobiography,1) Autobiography realistically described the life of Franklin whose rags-to-riches exp

17、eriences became the prototype of many Americans dream of success. 2) The prototype characterized by self-culture, self-improvement, self-reliance, self-cultivation, faith in the progress of society and the ideals of the future, practical and optimistic attitude toward life, and final success have be

18、en inspiring generations of Americans. 3) It shows that Franklin was spokesman for the new order of 18-century Enlightenment that man is basically good and free by nature, endowed with certain inalienable rights of liberty and the pursuit of happiness. It celebrates the fulfillment of the American dream,Evaluation,He is a typical American, model of the self-made man, a cultural hero whose life exemplified the American dream of the poor boy who made good. He stressed the importance of working hard