英语高考语法复习专题 ----------( 强调句型, it的用法, 主谓一致,特殊句型)

1、英语高考语法复习专题 -( 强调句型, it的用法, 主谓一致,特殊句型) 一. 强调句型见三维268面二. it的用法,(一) 作人称代词1. it代替前面（或后面）的单数名词或分句等所表示的事物。 You cannot eat your cake but have it.(代替前面的cake) They say he has left town, but I don”t believe it.(it代替前面Theytown分句的情况)2. 代替有生命但不能或不必分阴阳的东西（包括婴儿）。 Yesterday we saw a big tree. It was fully twenty me

2、tres high. (it代替前面的tree) The baby cried because it was hungry. (it代替前面的baby)3. 在某些习惯说法中，能够代替人。-Someone is knocking at the door, Peter.-Who is it? - Its me.- it与one的区别 这两个词都能够代表前面说过的名词，但it用于同名同物的场合；one 则用于同名异物的场合。-Is this knife yours ? -No. It is Xiao Zhangs. Mine is the one on the desk. it与that的区别 两

3、词都能够代替某一特定名词，但that 指同一类，并非同一个。The climate of South China is mild(温和的); I like it very much.(it指the climate of South China) The climate of South China is much better than that of Japan.(that指the climate)二)作无人称代词it 作无人称代词时，除了句子找不到它所代表的词语外，另一个特点是它后面的内容都是表示天气、时间、距离、度量衡及情况等。It is fine (rainy, windy etc.)

4、It is noon.It is a half hours walk to the factory.It is eighteen square metres in area.What does it matter?(三)作强调词，构成强调结构用以协助改变句子结构，是句子的某一成分受到强调。“It is (was)+所强调的成分+that(who)+其它成分。”在这个句型中，it本身没有词义。（四）引导词it作形式主语（宾词） 为了是句子平衡，常采用形式主语（或宾语）it，而把真正的主语（或宾语）置于句子后面。通常引导词it与它所代替的句子成分中间要夹有某些词。 It takes half an

5、 hour to go there on foot.(It与to go there on foot之间夹有takes half an hour 四个词) We thought it strange that Mr. Smith did not come last night.(it与that从句中间夹有strange)但有时it与所替代部分之间并不夹有其它词。You may depend on it that they will support you.因为介词on之后一般不直接接that引导的宾语从句。注意：it不是多余的，不能当作错句）三.主谓一致（一）语法形式上的一致主语为单数形式，谓语

6、动词用单数形式，主语为复数形式，谓语动词也用复数形式。The number of students in our school is 1700.Mary and Kelly look alike.（二）意义上一致 1.主语形式虽为单数，但意义为复数，谓语动词一用复数。 The crowd were running for their lives. 单数形式代表复数内容的词有people、police、cattle等。2.主语形式为复数，而意义上却是单数，谓语动词用单数。The news is very exciting.形复意单的单词有news、works(工厂)、means和以ics结尾的学

7、科名称physics、politics、economics等。 (三)就近原则。即谓语动词的单复形式取决于最近它的词语。如果连词or、either.or、neithernor、not onlybut also等连接的并列主语，如果一个是单数，一个是复数，谓语动词与靠近它的主语一致。Either you or I am mad.应注意的若干问题1.名词作主语。某些集体名词如family、team等作主语时，如果作为一个整体看待，谓语用单数，反之用复数。 My family is going out for a trip. The whole family are watching TV.这类词常

8、有audience、class、 club、company、crowd、enemy、government、group、party、public、team等。Population和“a group(crowd) of +复数名词”也适用于这种情况，强调整体用单数，强调各个部分用复数。2.单、复数同形的名词作主语时，谓语动词应根据意义决定单、复数。A sheep is over there. Some sheep are over there.3.名词所有格之后的名词被省略，这种情况一般只指商店、工场、住宅等；作主语时，动词一般用单数。My uncles is not for from here.

9、4.当名词词组中心词为表示度量、距离、时间、书名等复数名词是，往往能够根据意义一致的原则，把这些复数名词看做一个整体，谓语用单数。Thirty years has passed.Five minutes is enough to finish the task.5.不定代词each、every、no所修饰的名词即使以and或逗号连接成多主语时，谓语动词仍用单数形式。如：Each boy and each girl my class has a dictionary.6.如果主语有more than one .或many a .构成，即使从意义上看是复数内容， 但它的谓语动词用单数形式。More

10、 than one student has seen the play .Many a boy has bought that kind of toy.但是，“more +复数名词+than one ”结构之后，谓语用复数。7.一些由两个部分构成的名词表示衣物或工具作主语时，谓语通常用复数形式。如：glasses、clothes、trousers、shoes、compasses、chopsticks、scissors等。His glasses are on the desk.但如果主语用a kind of 、a pair of、a series of等加名词构成时，谓语动词一般用单数形式。A

11、pair of shoes was on the desk .8.this kind of book =a book of this kind (这种书) ，其谓语动词用单数；短语this kind of men =men of this kind =these kind of men(口语)（这个类人），但this kind of men 的谓语用单数，men of this kind 和these kind of men 的谓语用复数，all kinds of 之后跟复数名词，谓语用复数形式。This kind of men is dangerous.Men of this kind/so

12、rt are dangerous.9. 复数形式的单、复数同形名词作主语时，按意义一致的原则，用作单数意义时，谓语用单数，反之，谓语用复数。这类名词有means、works、species(种类)、Chinese、Japanese等。当它们的前面有a、such a、this、that修饰时，谓语用单数；有all、such 、these、those修饰时，谓语用复数。10.如果名词词组中心词是all、most、half、rest等词语，所指是复数意义，谓语动词用复数形式，反之用单数。All of my students work hard .All of the oil is gone.11.在

13、主谓倒装的句子中，谓语动词的数与其后的主语一致。如：Between the two widows hangs an oil painting.12.由连接词连接的名词作主语。1).用and或bothand 连接并列主语，谓语动词通常用复数形式。但如果并列主语指的是同一个人，同一事物或同一概念时，谓语动词用单数形式，这是and 后面的名词没有冠词。The boy and the girl are dancing .The singer and dancer was performing when the light went out.2).当主语后面跟有as well as 、as much a

14、s、no less than 、along with 、like 、rather than、together with 、but 、except、besides、including、in addition to 等引导的词组时，采取“就远原则”。 The teacher along with the students is doing experiment.3）.以or、eitheror 、neithernor、only but also等连接的词作主语时，采取“就近原则”。 Neither you nor I am a superman.13.代词作主语。1)名词性物主代词连接的动词，既能够

15、用复数，也能够用复数这取决它所代替的是单数还是复数。 Ours (Our party) is a great party. Your shoes are white ，mine (= my shoes ) are black .2).such 、the same 起指示代词作用时应根据其所指的内容来决定单、复数。Such is our plan. Such are his last words .3）.关系代词who、that、which等在定语从句中作主语时，其谓语动词的数应与句中先行词的数一致。4）.疑问句who、what、which作主语时，谓语动词可根据说话人时候要表达的意思决定单、复

16、数。 -Who lives next door? -It is Xiao Liu. -Who are singing next door?-They are my students.5）不定代词any 、either、neither、none、 all 、some 、more等作主语时，要注意下列情况： (A)单独做主语时，视其在文中的意义，动词可用单数或复数形式。 Now all has been changed. All are present . (B)其后接of时，若of的宾语为不可数名词，动词用单数形式；若of 的宾语为复数名词或代词时，动词能够是单数，也能够是复数；在正式文体中，单

17、数形式的动词更常用。 None of us has (have ) seen the film .14. 分数、量词作主语。1).“分数或百分数+名词”构成的短语作主语时，其谓语动词要与短语中of 后面的名词的数保持一致，这是因为短语中后面的名词是中心词，而短语中前面的量词是修饰语。Three fifths students are cleaning the playgroud.Lots of damage was caused by flood .A number of students have gone to the countryside.2) a large amount of 修饰

18、不可数名词，其短语作主语时，谓语动词通常用单数；large amounts of 其短语作主语时，谓语动词通常复数。A large quantity of修饰可数/不可数名词，其短语作主语时，谓语动词用单数, Quantities of修饰可数/不可数名词，其短语作主语时，谓语动词用复数. A large quantity of people is needed here. Quantities of food ( nuts )were still on the table.15.名词化的形容词作主语。如果主语由“the + 形容词（或分词）”结构担任时，谓语通常用复数。这类词有the ric

19、h 、the poor 、the brave 、the injured、the living 、the wounded等。如表抽象的也能够用单数,the unknown、the beautiful等。Everyone should help the poor who are living in the countryside.16.从句作主语。 1）由what引导的主语从句，谓语动词通常用单数，但所指的具体内容是复数意义时，谓语动词一般用复数形式。What we need is more money .What we need are more people/teachers. 2）.在“on

20、e of + 复数名词+ who/that/which”引导的从句结构中，关系代词who/that/which的先行词是靠近它的复数名词而不是one,所以从句中的谓语动词也应该是复数形式。如果one前有the only，the first等则用单数形式。This is one of the most interesting stories that have been told by my father.She was the only one of the girls who was late for class today.17.不定式、名动词（短语）作主语用单数形式；There be 句

21、型中be的单复数取决于be后的第一个词的数。四. 特殊句型见练习。完成句子高考真题再现2008年1. It is your efforts , not your intelligence, _your success. ( determine ) 正是你的努力而不是你的智商高低决定你的成功。2009年2. During his last lecture , the scientist _easier to explain the theory to those with some background knowledge. ( find )在他的上次演讲中，这个科学家发现对那些有一些背景知识的

22、人解释这个理论更容易些。2011年3._call me when you arrive. Just come up to my house. Ill be at home all day. ( there)4.你到时没有必要打电话我，直接到我家来，我一整天都会在家。 _that he had an important conference to attend the next morning. ( occur ). 他突然想起第二天早上他有一个重要的会议参加。2012年5. I dont know _in the novel that made him burst into tears. (

23、what )我不知道是小说中的什么东西使他泪如泉涌。2013年6.The chief engineer together with his colleagues _new scientific methods of farming since five years ago. ( look )五年以来，总工程师和他的同事们一起一直在寻找新的科学农耕方法。1._ scientists must be creative and use their imagination all the time.(doubt) 毫无疑问，科学家必须总是具有创造性，利用想象力。2._ going on with th

24、e research because they have already done it. (point)继续研究没有意义，因为他们已经研究过了。3._to have a holiday because he is a workaholic.(use)邀请他度假无用。因为他是一个工作狂。4._that the qualities of our living improved.(deny)不可否认我们的生活质量提升了。5._what she said was right.(obvious)很明显她说的是对的。6.Engines are to machines_(what)发动机对于机器就如心脏对

25、于动物一样。7._that we should give him a hand.(strike)我突然想到我们应该帮帮他。8.When you are taking your examination, you_(careful)当你考试时，你怎么小心也不过度。9._tomorrow?(what)要是明天下雨怎么办？10.I would _you would like to teach me how to use the machine.(appreciate)如果你能教我如何用这个机器我将不胜感激。11._whether Jim will be fit enough to play in th

26、e finals.(remain)Jim是否将充足适合打决赛还拭目以待。12._whether he goes or not.(make)他去不去对我无关紧要。13.It was the first time that _, anyhow, I was confident of myself.(undertake)我是首次承担如此重要的任务，不管怎样，我对自己有信心。14.He _in Britain for two years when young, but he did not even understand some of English I spoke.(say)据说他年起时在英国学习

27、两年，不过他甚至不懂我说的一些英语。15.Jake is late again. _to keep others waiting.(typical)杰克又迟到了，他通常让别人等他。16.What he said is true_ the question.(come)当涉及到这个问题时他说的是对的。17._that all of us will pass the exam.( chance)很有可能我们所有的人都将通过考试。18._he got the first place in the exam.( wonder) 难怪他考试得了第一名。19._,Rome was not built in a day.(as)正如谚语说：“冰冻三尺非一日之寒”。20.The thief was _his cellphone when someone coughed.(point) 贼正要去偷他的手机，这时有人发出咳嗽声。21._I was not there that day.(happen) 碰巧我那天不在那儿。22._50 people died in the accident.(report) 据报道50人死于这场事故。23._he realized that he co