英语主谓一致的三个原则

1、英语主谓一致的三个原则1. 形式一致的原则一般说来，当作主语的名词或代词是第三人称单数时，谓语动词就用单数形式；当作主语的名词或代词是复数时，谓语动词就复数形式：如：(1) He likes skating in winter. 他喜欢冬天滑冰。(2) Alice reads much. 艾利斯看了很多书。(3) They dont live here. 他们不住这里。2. 意义一致的原则英语中，有些名词或代词形式上是单数，而意义上可能是复数，这时，谓语动词的形式就须依据名词或代词的意义决定。如：(1) People there were very glad to see our team w

2、in the match. 在那里的人们看到我们队赢了比赛时都非常高兴。(2) His family were watching TV when I got to his home. 我到他家时，他家的人在看电视。(3) Our class are working hard to make ours a good class. 我们班的同学都在努力工作以便是我们班成为优秀班。3. 邻近一致的原则英语中，有时几个名词或代词有某些此连接起来一起作句子的主语，此时，谓语动词的形式就须有与之最接近的名词或代词的人称和数决定。如：(1) There is a desk and five chairs i

3、n his room. 他房间里有一张办公桌和五把椅子。(2) There are five chairs and a desk in his room. 他房间里有五把椅子和一张办公桌。(3) Either you or Li Lei is going to be sent there. 要么是你要么是李蕾将被派到那里去。(4) Are either you or Li Lei going to be sent there. 是你将被派到那里去还是李蕾将被派到那里去？几个容易弄错的主谓一致问题1.“many a +名词”和“more than one +名词”作主语谓语动词的数通常用单数(即

4、遵循语法一致的原则)：Many a child was playing there. 很多小孩在那儿玩。More than one student has failed the exam. 不止一个学生考试未及格。2. each 用于复数名词后作同位语此时谓语动词用复数：They each have an English-Chinese dictionary. 他们每人都有一本英汉词典。The young people each carry a big bag. 这些年轻人个个背着一个大袋子。3. 主语后接in addition to, with, along with, together w

5、ith, except, but等介词其后的动词形式取决介词前主语：Nothing but trees was to be seen. 除了树木之外什么也看不见。No one except my parents knows anything about this. 除我父母外没人知道此事。Jim, together with his classmates, has seen the film. 吉姆和他的同学都看过这部电影。4. means作主语名词means(方法)单数与复数同形，用作主语时，其谓语的单复数要视具体含义而定(尤其注意其前的修饰语)：These means are very g

6、ood. 这些方法很好。Such a means is really unpleasant. 这样的方法确实是令人不愉快。若没有特定的修饰语或语境，则用单数或复数谓语均可：There is are no good means. 没有好的方法。Are Is there any other means of doing it? 做这事还有其他的什么办法吗?不定代词作主语时的主谓一致问题1. someone, anyone等作主语时someone, anyone, no one, everyone, something, nothing等复合不定代词作主语，谓语动词用单数：Someone is as

7、king to see you. 有人找你。Nobody is to blame for it. 这谁也不怨。No one wants to read such books. 没有人想看那样的书。2. all 作主语时若指人，谓语通常用复数；若指事物或现象，谓语通常用单数：All have gone home. 大家都走了。All that glitters is not gold. 发亮的不一定都是金子。比较：All is silent. 万籁俱寂。(指现象)All are silent. 人人都沉默不语。(指具体的人)【注意】若是“all of+名词”作主语，则谓语动词与其中名词的数保持一

8、致。3. either和neither作主语时若是单独作主语，谓语通常用单数：Neither was satisfactory. 两个都不令人满意。The two guests have arrived, and either is welcome. 两位客人都到了，哪一位都受欢迎。【注意】若是“either neither of+名词”作主语，则其后的谓语动词可用单数(正式文体)或复数(非正式文体)：Neither of the two computers is are cheap. 这两台电脑都不便宜。Is Are either of the boys ready? 两个男孩都准备好了吗？

9、I dont think either of them is are at home. 我想他们俩个都会不在家。4. each作主语或修饰主语时单独用作主语(或修饰主语)，谓语用单数:Each student has his own desk. 每个学生都有自己的课桌。Two boys entered. Each was carrying a suitcase. 两个男孩进来，每人提着一只箱子。【注意】(1) 两个或多个“each单数名词”结构并列作主语时, 谓语用单数。(2) “each of复数名词或代词”用作主语, 谓语一般要用单数Each of them was deeply frig

10、htened. 他们个个都惊恐万分。(from )但是在非正式文体中(尤其是当 each of之后的名词较长时)偶尔也可用复数谓语，但很少见，学生宜慎用。5. none (of) 作主语时若指不可数名词，谓语用单数；若指复数可数名词，谓语可用单数(正式文体)或复数(非正式文体)：None of the money is mine. 这笔钱没有一点是我的。None of the boys like likes it. 这些男孩子谁也不喜欢它。6. 关于“one of+复数名词+定语从句”在这一结构中，定语从句的谓语用复数取决于先行词是one还是其后的复数名词。一

11、般说来，在这类结构中，复数名词通常被认为是先行词(即定语从句谓语用复数)，除非one of前有the (only) 修饰(此时定语从句的谓语用单数)：He is one of the people who were killed in the accident. 他是事故中丧命的人之一。He is the only one of the people who was killed in the accident. 他是事故中惟一丧命的人。数量概念作主语时谓语动词的数1. 表时间长度、钱数、速度等的词组作主语此时通常将其视为整体，谓语用单数。如：Twenty years is a long ti

12、me. 20年是很长的时间。Ten dollars is all I have left. 我只剩下10美元。2. 分数(百分数)作主语“分数(百分数)+of+名词”结构作主语时，谓语动词的数与其中名词的数保持一致。如：About 30 percent of the pupils were absent that day. 那天大约有30%的学生未到。Three-fourths of the surface of the earth is covered by sea. 地球表面的四分之三是海。【注意】在现代英语中，有时即使该结构中的名词为复数，其谓语也可用单数(即将其视为整体)：Over s

13、ixty per cent of families own owns a television. 百分之六十以上的家庭已拥有电视机。3.“one in out of+复数名词”作主语此时谓语动词通常用单数。如：Only one in ten students has passed the examination. 只有十分之一的学生通过了考试。One out of twelve bottles was broken. 每12个瓶子中有一个破了。【注意】在非正式文体中有时也用复数谓语。如：Nationwide, one in five adults are illiterate. 就全国范围而言

14、，五个成年人中有一个是文盲。4.“all of (some of, none of, half of, most of, lots of, plenty of)+名词”作主语此时谓语动词的数与其中名词的数保持一致。如：Most of the people are against the plan. 大多数人反对这个计划。Most of the Earths surface is covered by water. 地球的大部分地区被水覆盖。Half of the apple is bad. 这个苹果有一半是坏的。Half of the apples are bad. 这些苹果当中有一半是坏的。

15、5.“one and a half复数名词”与“a单数名词and a half”作主语此时国内不少书认为，这两个结构作主语，谓语均用单数。如：One and a half months has passed. / A month and a half has passed. 已经过去了一个半月。但是，国外一些词书则认为，谓语动词的数取决于这两个结构中名词的数：One and a half months have passed. / A month and a half has passed. 已经过去了一个半月。6.“the a number of+名词”作主语该结构若用定冠词，其后谓语用单数

16、；若用不定冠词，其后谓语用复数：The number of students is 4000. 学生人数为4000。A number of people were absent from the meeting. 许多人开会缺席。注意类似结构：The variety of goods in this shop is rich. 这家商店的品种丰富。A variety of books have been published. 已出版了各种各样的书。.并列结构作主语时谓语动词的数1. 由and和both.and连接的并列主语此时谓语动词通常用复数。如：Jim and Mary are both

17、interested in it. 吉姆和玛丽都对此感兴趣。Both brother and sister are college students. 兄妹俩都是大学生。【注意】(1) 当由and连接的两个并列主语受each, every, no的修饰时，谓语用单数：Every boy and (every) girl likes the book. 每个男孩女孩都喜欢这本书。No desk and (no) chair was seen in the room. 房间里不见桌椅。(2) 当and连接两个数相加时，谓语动词可用单数或复数：Six and eight makes make fou

18、rteen. 六加八等于十四。(3) 当and连接的两个的词语指同一个人或事物时，谓语通常要用单数：A cart and horse was seen in the distance. 远处看见一辆马车。 2. 由or, nor, either.or, neithernor, not onlybut also, notbut等连接的并列主语此时谓语动词通常与最靠近的主语保持一致(即遵循就近原则)。如：He or I am wrong. 不是他错了，就是我错了。Either you or he has taken it. 不是你拿了就是他拿了。Not only the children but

19、also the mother wants to go. 不仅孩子们想去，母亲也想去。注意这类句型的疑问句形式：Were you or he there? 当时是你还是他在那儿?Are either you or he to blame? 是怪你还是怪他?【注意】在非正式文体中，个别结构(如neithernor)连接主语时，谓语可用复数：Neither his father nor his mother have has come. 他的爸爸和妈妈都没来。3. 由as well as, as much as, rather than , more than, no less than 等连接的

20、并连主语此时谓语动词通常与前面一个主语保持一致。如：The teacher as well as the students has read it 不仅学生读过它，老师也读过。The teacher rather than the students is to blame. 应受责备的是老师而不是学生。集合名词做主语的主谓一致问题1. 通常用作复数的集合名词police(警察)，people(人)，cattle(牛，牲口)等集合名词，总是表示复数意义，用作主语时，其谓语要用复数：The police were after him. 警察正在追捕他。People are beginning to

21、 talk about her. 人们开始议论她。Cattle feed on grass. 牛吃草。【注】goods(货物), clothes(衣服)只有复数形式，且只表示复数意义：Such clothes are very cheap. 那样的衣服很便宜。All the goods have been sent to them. 所有的货物都给他们送去了。2. 只用作单数的不可数集合名词clothing(衣服)，poetry(诗歌)，baggage / luggage(行李)， furniture(家具)，machinery(机械)，scenery(景色)，jewellery(珠宝)，eq

22、uipment(设备)等集合名词通常只用作不可数名词，表示单数意义，用作主语时，其后谓语动词用单数形式：Our clothing protects us from against the cold. 我们的衣服可以御寒。All their baggage was stolen. 他们所有的行李都被偷了。The furniture is convenient to move. 这家具搬起来很方便。All the machinery in the factory is made in China. 这个工厂所有的机器都是中国产的。3. 既可表示单数意义也可表示复数意义的集合名词family(家庭)

23、，team(队，队员)，class(班，班上的全体学生)，crowd(人群)，government(政府)，crew(乘务员)，committee(委员会)，audience(听众)，public(公众)等集合名词，当它们表示整体意义时，表单数意义，当它们强调个体意义时，表示复数意义： Her family is a large one. 她的家庭是一个大家庭。Her family are all tall. 她的一家人都很高。The team is the best in the league. 这个队在联赛中打得最好。The football team are having baths.

24、足球队队员们在洗澡。It was late, but the audience was increasing. 时间很迟了，但听众人数却在增加。The audience were all moved to tears. 听众都感动得流了泪。【注】有时没有特定的语境，用单复数谓语均可以：The audience was (were) very excited by the show. 观众对演出甚感激动。The public has (have) a right to know whats in the report. 公众有权知道这篇报告的内容。主谓一致的三个原则1. 语法一致原则该原则要求谓语动词必须与主语在语法形式上保持一致，