毕业论文-基于数字电路（数值比较器）的宏模型设计

基于数字电路（数值比较器）的宏模型设计摘要在当今世界电子技术进步日异月，新产品更新换代的周期逐渐缩短，大规模集成电路和电子计算机有了进一步的发展，电子设记自动化技术以其新颖的设记方法一改以往传统的设记方法，在新型的集成电路与系统设记中占据的主导地位，不再以电路实验定量估计和定量估计为设记的基础，一举成为现如今电子系统设记中不可或缺的重要技术。在数字电路中，总是会出现对两个一样位数的二进制数做大小的比较，从而来判断这两个数的大小或是不是相等，来实现这个功能的逻辑电路就称谓数值比较器。数值比较器顾名思义就是要对两个数进行比较，从而来判断大小的逻辑电路。比较结果很显然有三种情况。本文概术了一种数字门电路建立宏模型的方法，利用该方法建立的门电路宏模型以对门电路以及由门电路构成的数字电路进行逻辑仿真，再通过PSPICE软件进行电子电路的仿真，从而达到对电路进行分析的目的。关键词数字电路；数值比较器；PSPICE；宏模型BASEDONTHEDIGITALCIRCUITDESIGNNUMERICCOMPARATORMACROMODELABSTRACTINTODAYSWORLDDIFFERENTMONTHS,THENEWPRODUCTREPLACEMENTCYCLEDATEELECTRONICTECHNOLOGYADVANCESGRADUALLYSHORTENED,LSIANDCOMPUTERWITHFURTHERDEVELOPMENT,ELECTRONICDESIGNAUTOMATIONTECHNOLOGYINMINDITSINNOVATIVEAPPROACHHASCHANGEDTHEMINDSETOFTRADITIONALDESIGNHUTCHISONMETHOD,THENEWINTEGRATEDCIRCUITSANDSYSTEMDESIGNINMINDTOOCCUPYADOMINANTPOSITION,ISNOLONGERANEXPERIMENTALQUANTITATIVEANDQUANTITATIVEESTIMATIONCIRCUITISESTIMATEDTOBESETONTHEBASISOFMIND,HASBECOMETHEELECTRONICSYSTEMDESIGNISNOWANINDISPENSABLETECHNOLOGYINMINDINDIGITALCIRCUITS,OFTENNEEDTOCOMPARETWOANUMBEROFTHESAMEBINARYNUMBER,TODETERMINETHEIRRELATIVESIZEORAREEQUAL,THELOGICCIRCUITUSEDTOACHIEVETHISFUNCTIONBECOMESNUMERICCOMPARATORNUMERICCOMPARATORISTHECOMPARISONOFTWOA,B,LOGICCIRCUITTODETERMINEITSSIZETHECOMPARISONRESULTSWITHAB,ABANDABTHREECASESTHISPAPERDESCRIBESTHEMETHODFORESTABLISHINGADIGITALGATECIRCUITMACROMODEL,LOGICSIMULATIONTOTHECIRCUITANDTHEDIGITALCIRCUITFORMEDBYTHEGATECIRCUITUSINGTHEGATECIRCUITMACROMODELSOFTHISMETHOD,ANDTHENTHROUGHTHEPSPICESOFTWARESIMULATIONOFELECTRONICCIRCUITSTHECIRCUITANALYSISKEYWORDSDIGITALCIRCUITNUMERICCOMPARATORPSPICEMACROMODEL目录第一章引言111宏模型简单介绍112宏模型在当今国内外的发展状况113本课题的主要内容2第二章数值比较器321数值比较器的简单介绍322数值比较器的功能及原理423集成数值比较器的功能及原理624本章总结10第三章数字电路宏模型设计1131数字电路宏模型建模1132本章总结14第四章PSPICE程序软件的介绍及其应用1541PSPICE程序软件简介1542PSPICE的使用步骤1643PSPICE程序的仿真结果16参考文献18附录A19附录B20致谢21第一章引言11宏模型简单介绍宏模型是电子系统或其子系统、子网络的简化等效表示。可以是一个等效电路，也可以是一组数学的方程，一组多维的数表，或是表达更加复杂的电路的某种附号的表示形式。特点是在一定的精度范围内，模拟原电路端口特姓。但降低计算时间，节省内存要求。主要用在模拟电路高层次的仿真和大型电路的分析设记之中。在当今世界电子技术进步日异月，新产品更新换代的周期逐渐缩短，大规模集成电路和电子计算机有了进一步的发展，电子设记自动化技术以其新颖的设记方法一改以往传统的设记方法，在新型的集成电路与系统设记中占据的主导地位，不再以电路实验定量估计和定量估计为设记的基础，一举成为现如今电子系统设记中不可或缺的重要技术。仿真的器件库中的器件、集成电路等仿真模型的可用种类不够多的情况经常对平常使用EDA工具造成需要了很多麻烦，并且计算机模拟对模型的精确程度十分严格，不容小视，这些原因都对EDA的应用产生了影响，因此为了使EDA应用的流畅运行，建立一个种类繁多、模型精确的仿真器件库是必不可少的。在诸如此类的问题影响下，人们研制出一种工具可以简化电子系统或子系统、子网络的构成结构，它能够保持自己的端口特姓在一定的范围内与原系统的端口特姓相比基本相同，因而在降低了电路构造复杂程度的基础上降低了电路成本并且大幅降低了运算时间，同时对计算机内存的要求也降低了不少，这就是宏模型的出现给人们带来的方便，同时由于它的特点，使得它在高层次或者大型电路中尤为受到青睐。宏模型在绝大场合中都是代表模拟电路宏模型，然而宏模型还有另一种分类即数字电路宏模型，通常可用以下两种方法构建宏模型简化法通过分析电路或做灵敏度分析得到一些对电路影响微乎及微的元件，然后可以将其删去，这样电路的结构能简化不少，这种被简化之后的电路被称之为简化电路模型；另外一种方法构造法则是在指对电路的外特姓进行充分分析之后，并且了解其内部电路功能，去构建一个全新的电路，此前路不需要与原电路的结构保持相同，但是它的端口特姓与原电路端口特姓相同，所以与原电路功能相同。12宏模型在当今国内外的发展状况自从进入到20世纪，人们因感觉到它将有所发展所以越来越关注宏模型这一技术，从而研究出了类似于应用运算的放大器、比较器和模拟乘法器等的模拟集成电路宏模型。而对运算放大器的研究更是透彻然而直到现在也依然在使用，还有少部分人研究了一些基本单元电路的宏模型，然而现如今发展更为迅速，一些有关A/D、D/A转换器宏模型也被成功研制出，就连脉宽调制器这种因为结构复杂而难以研究的模拟集成电路心片也被攻破从而建立了它的宏模型，PSPICE是现如今最为应用广泛的电路仿真工具，它在90年代被美国的一所大学开发出，PSPICE为模拟集成电路提供了构建宏模型的可能，因为VHDLAMS能够通过自己所特有的方法描术数模混合系统，所以适用于SOC的系统等级的仿真，然而设记一个功能的种类很多的心片，必须从每个模块的最基础的地方开始建立宏模型，对于该心片的设记者来说，想要完成一个心片的设记需要耗费许多时间，以现在市场的需求来说，这明显对心片设记者的工作创造了不小困难，因而现在几乎所有电子设记自动化软件中，都会为心片设记者建立一个宏模型库，该宏模型库中拥有大量基本功能单元，这些特点使得心片的设记成本大大降低，同时提升了心片研究的效率，研究过程也没有以前那么复杂。13本课题的主要内容本课题是在充分了解数值比较器相关理论知识和知道如何建立宏模型的基础内容上，在基于数字电路的基础上，对数值比较器成功建立宏模型。采用一种建立的数字门电路宏摸型的方法，利用该方法建立的门电路的宏模型以对门电路，以及由门电路构成的数字电路的进行逻辑的仿真。再通过PSPICE的软件进行电子电路的仿真对电路进行分析。第二章数值比较器21数值比较器的简单介绍数值比较器是数字的系统中经常用到的基本的单元之一。早期的设记师们对于数值比较器这项数字的系统中最基本的单元的追求目标仅仅是增加其比较的范围，在此基础上提升比较的速度和稳定度等，而这些目标就是当时人们数值比较器的水平权衡，而现如今，增加比较范围速度之类早已不是优化数值比较器的目标，人们希望在数字系统尤其是计算机中能够更好的应用数值比较器，使其拥有更好的运算功能，最基本的运算功能就是比较两个数字谁大谁小。数值比较器就是一种能够比较两个数字的大小的逻辑电路，比较结果通常有AB,ABA1、B0，则1，故可以用Y（AB）作为AB的输出信号。（2）AB、IAB、IA和IAB是它们的比较结果，为了能够更加方便的组成更多位数的数值比较器而设置了低位数比较结果输入端来方便与其他数值比较器连接。左图为集成数值比较器74LS85的逻辑功能示意图。图中、和、是两个相比较的32A103B2104位二进制数的输入端；、和是级连输入AIABIABI端；、和作为比较的输出端。ABYBF（27）B、IABIBIBIBV9,0VABV10,0VABV10,0VA1999999THENCNT0CCCCCCCBTHENABY11Y20Y30ELSIFABTHENABY10Y21Y30ELSIFABTHENABY10Y20Y31ENDIFENDPROCESSENDRTL致谢在这繁忙的四年大学的学习期间，我得到了老师们在学业上和为人处事上的许多指导，还有在生活上的许多关怀。在我的学习过程中和课题的开展的过程中，得到了课题导师赵刚老师的些许指导和督促，还有众多同学的无私帮助，使我能够顺利的完成了课题，在此我衷心地向他们表达深切的谢意另外还要感谢这篇论文所涉及到的各位学者。如果没有各位学者的研究成果的帮助和对我的启发，我将很难完成本篇论文的写作工作。感谢我的同学和各位朋友，在我完成论文的过程中给予了我很多的素材。最后还要衷心的感谢我的家人，感谢他们对我的培养，正是有了他们许多的理解、支持和帮助，才使我顺利地进入大学并完成了大学的学业。谢谢你们为你提供优秀的毕业论文参考资料，请您删除以下内容，O_O谢谢ALARGEGROUPOFTEAMERCHANTSONCAMELSANDHORSESFROMNORTHWESTCHINASSHAANXIPROVINCEPASSTHROUGHASTOPONTHEANCIENTSILKROAD,GANSUSZHANGYECITYDURINGTHEIRJOURNEYTOKAZAKHSTAN,MAY5,2015THECARAVAN,CONSISTINGOFMORETHAN100CAMELS,THREEHORSEDRAWNCARRIAGESANDFOURSUPPORTVEHICLES,STARTEDTHETRIPFROMJINGYANGCOUNTYINSHAANXIONSEPT19,2014ITWILLPASSTHROUGHGANSUPROVINCEANDXINJIANGUYGURAUTONOMOUSREGION,ANDFINALLYARRIVEINALMATY,FORMERLYKNOWNASALMAATA,THELARGESTCITYINKAZAKHSTAN,ANDDUNGANINZHAMBYLPROVINCETHETRIPWILLCOVERABOUT15,000KILOMETERSANDTAKETHECARAVANMORETHANONEYEARTOCOMPLETETHECARAVANISEXPECTEDTORETURNTOJINGYANGINMARCH2016THENTHEYWILLCOMEBACK,CARRYINGSPECIALTYPRODUCTSFROMKAZAKHSTANASMALLARTTROUPEFOUNDEDSIXDECADESAGOHASGROWNINTO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