西安翻译公司-电站机组除氧器和除氧水箱(中英文对照翻译).doc

第一节 Adipala电站机组除氧器和除氧水箱Section 1 Deaerator and Deaerator Water Tank 为了保证热力发电厂运行的安全性、可靠性和经济性，必须除去锅炉给水种溶解的气体，其中危害最大的是氧气，习惯上将给水除气叫给水除氧。给水除氧有化学除氧和物理除氧两种方法。To ensure safe, reliable and economical operation of the thermal power plant, the gas dissolved in the boiler feedwater must be removed, of which oxygen is the most harmful. Habitually, feedwater deaeration is called feedwater deoxidation. There are two methods for feedwater deoxidation, i.e. chemical deoxidation and physical deoxidation. 化学除氧是利用易和氧反应的一些药剂，使之与水中溶氧化合而达到除氧目的。化学除氧能彻底除去水种的氧，但价格较贵，且不能除去其他气体。根据亨利定律，气体溶解于水的量与水面该气体的分压力成正比。根据道尔顿定律，混合气体全压力等于组成气(汽)体的分压力之和。物理除氧就是将水加热到饱和温度，水面上水蒸汽分压力几乎等于水面全压，其它气体的分压力都接近于零，从而使水中其它气体析出，再及时将这些气体排出达到除氧的目的。Chemical deoxidation relies on the chemical combination between some medicaments which are easily reactive to oxygen and the oxygen dissolved in water to achieve the purpose of deoxidation. Chemical deoxidation can thoroughly remove the oxygen in water, but it will require higher costs and is unable to remove other gases. According to Henrys law, the amount of gas dissolved in water is directly proportional to the partial pressure of the gas on the water surface. According to Daltons law, the total pressure of mixed gas is equal to the sum of the partial pressure of the component gas (steam). Physical deoxidation is to heat water to the saturation temperature so that the partial pressure of water steam on the water surface is almost equal to the total pressure on the water surface while the partial pressure of other gases is close to zero, then precipitate and timely discharge other gases in the water to achieve the purpose of deoxidation. 除氧器就是在给水加热到饱和温度同时，使水的表面积大大增加以析出水中的气体，再将气体排出的设备。一般讲的除氧器包括除氧头和给水箱两部分。Deaerator is a device that increases the water surface area when the feedwater is heated to the saturation temperature so as to precipitate and discharge the gas in water. Generally speaking, the deaerator includes a deaerator head and a feedwater tank. 一、除氧器基本设计数据见表6-1-1：I. Basic Design Data of Deaerator (as shown in Table 6-1-1): 除氧器型号：GC-1944/GS-235Deaerator model: GC-1944/GS-235除氧器型式：内置式卧式Deaerator type: built-in horizontal 安装标高：26mInstallation elevation: 26m水箱有效容积：235 m3Tank effective volume: 235 m3项目数据1设计温度3852设计压力1.47MPa3有效容积 235m3定义有效容积正常水位到出水管顶端4所要求的出水含氧量5ppb5建议的直径3800mm6支撑数量与间距三支墩，间距10m7除氧器正常出力/能力出力1944/2450t/h表6-1-1Table 6-1-1Item Data 1Design temperature3852Design pressure1.47MPa3Effective volume235m3Defined effective volumeNormal water level reaches the top of the discharge tube4Required oxygen content in effluent5ppb5Recommended diameter3800mm6Number and space of supports Three buttresses, 10m space 7Deaerator normal output / capacity output 1944/2450t/h二、除氧器运行参数：II. Operational Parameters of Deaerator: 1除氧器正常运行工况（VWO）如表6-1-21. Normal Operating Conditions (VWO) of Deaerator (as shown in Table 6-1-2)项目流量t/h压力MPa(a)温度()焓(KJ/Kg)1进除氧器凝结水1580.7031.88145.7614.42进除氧器高加疏水386.4222.186195.8833.63汽轮机抽汽102.2961.11370.73199.34除氧器出水2069.4211.11184.5783.1表6-1-2Table 6-1-2ItemFlow t/hPressure MPa (a)Temperature ()Enthalpy (KJ/Kg)1Condensate entered deaerator 1580.7031.88145.7614.42High-pressure heater drain entered deaerator 386.4222.186195.8833.63Extracted steam of turbine102.2961.11370.73199.34Deaerator effluent 2069.4211.11184.5783.12TMCR（0% MAKE UP）(100%负荷)工况如表6-1-3：2. TMCR (0% MAKE UP) (100% load) operating conditions (as shown in Table 6-1-3): 项目流量t/h压力MPa(a)温度()焓(KJ/Kg)1进除氧器凝结水1493.7031.88143.6605.32进除氧器高加疏水354.6962.058193.1821.53汽轮机抽汽95.0341.047370.23199.44除氧器出水1943.4331.047181.9771.6表6-1-3Table 6-1-3ItemFlow t/hPressure MPa (a)Temperature ()Enthalpy (KJ/Kg)1Condensate entered deaerator 1493.7031.88143.6605.32High-pressure heater drain entered deaerator 354.6962.058193.1821.53Extracted steam of turbine95.0341.047370.23199.44Deaerator effluent 1943.4331.047181.9771.63除氧器工作压力：3. Working pressure of deaerator: 最高：1.168MPa (a)Max:1.168MPa (a)最低：0.147MPa (a)Min:0.147MPa (a)4除氧器工作温度：4. Working temperature of deaerator: 最高：370.7Max:370.7最低：20Min:20加热蒸汽温度（VWO工况）：370.7Heating steam temperature (VWO condition):370.7除氧器进口水温（VWO）工况：145.7Inlet water temperature of deaerator (VWO condition):145.7除氧器出口水温（VWO）工况：184.5Outlet water temperature of deaerator (VWO condition):184.55进入高压加热器的给水水质5. Feedwater quality entered in high-pressure heater 水中含氧量 30300 g/lOxygen content30300 g/lFe离子 8 g/lFe ion8 g/lCu离子 3 g/lCu ion3 g/lSiO2 15 g/lSiO215 g/l联胺 g/lDiamineg/l钠离子 5 g/lSodion5 g/lpH值（25） 6.5 9.3pH value (25)6.5 9.3硬度 0 mmolHardiness 0 mmol导电率（氢离子交换后，25） 0.150.2 s/cm2Electric conductivity (after ion exchange, 25)0.150.2 s/cm2三、除氧器运行性能III. Operating Performance of Deaerator （一） 除氧器在正常运行情况下(定压-滑压运行)，出力为25%-100%除氧器最大出力范围之间时，除氧器出口含氧量5g/l。(A) In normal operation of the deaerator (under constant pressure sliding pressure), if the output ranges between 25%-100% of the maximum output of the deaerator, the outlet oxygen content of the deaerator should be 5g/l. （二） 当锅炉冷态启动且使用其它汽源的蒸汽时，除氧器能在指定的压力、流量下运行，且给水水温能满足锅炉启动的要求。(B) When the boiler is started in cold state and steam from other sources is employed, the deaerator should be able to run under the specified pressure and flow and the feedwater temperature should be able to meet the requirements for boiler startup. （三） 当除氧器下游的低压加热器停用或不能正常运行而除氧器的抽汽量增加以维持水温时，除氧器能适应此时的给水温度和流量要求。(C) When the low-pressure heater at deaerator downstream is disabled or unable to run properly yet the deaerator steam extraction is increased to maintain the water temperature, the deaerator should be able to adapt to the requirements for feedwater temperature and flow at this time. （四） 除氧器水箱的贮水量为锅炉最大连续蒸发量(BMCR)时510分钟的给水消耗量。贮水量是指除氧器水箱正常水位至出水管顶部水位之间的贮水量。(D) The storage capacity of the deaerator water tank is 5 to 10 minutes of feedwater consumption at the boiler maximum continuous rating (BMCR). The storage capacity refers to the storage capacity between the normal water level of the deaerator water tank and the water level at the top of the discharge tube. （五） 除氧器的最大出力不小于BMCR蒸发量105%时所需给水量（2450t/h）。(E) The maximum output of the deaerator should be no less than the required feedwater (2,450t/h) when the BMCR evaporation is 105%. （六） 除氧器以汽轮机TMCR工况为基准。在汽轮机阀门全开VWO工况时，除氧器仍能满意地运行。在负荷突变与汽机跳闸等所有负荷工况中，除氧器都能安全平稳可靠的运行，并无水击、过大的噪音、振动与变形等现象发生.在机组跳闸情况下，预防蒸汽返流入汽轮机。(F) The deaerator should refer to the TMCR condition of the turbine. The deaerator should be able to run with satisfaction in turbine VWO condition. In case of sudden load change, turbine trip and all other load conditions, the deaerator should be able to run in a safe, smooth and reliable manner and no water hammer, excessive noise, vibration, deformation and other phenomena should occur. In case of unit trip, steam backflow into the turbine should be prevented. （七） 除氧器的设计压力应保证除氧器运行安全，一般不应小于汽轮机VWO功况下运行时回热抽汽压力的1.25倍。除氧器的低压给水管管径应能通过最大给水流量，管径大小应按汽机满负荷时的给水温度和允许的介质流速范围内进行设计，最高流速2m/s。为把除氧器内的积水排尽，除氧器底部应设有管径适当，数量足够的排水管。(G) The design pressure of the deaerator should ensure its safe operation and is often no less than 1.25 times of the back-heating extraction pressure in turbine VWO condition. The low-pressure feed pipe diameter of the deaerator should be able to allow for passage of the maximum feedwater flow. The pipe diameter should be designed according to the feedwater temperature at turbine full load and within the allowable range of medium flow rate, the maximum flow rate 2m/s. Water accumulated in the deaerator should be drained off. A sufficient number of drain pipes of suitable diameter should be laid at the bottom of the deaerator. （八） 除氧器设计满足如下几点。(H) The deaerator is designed to meet the following aspects. 1.除氧器设有用于高加疏水的除氧闪蒸区。1. The deaerator has a deoxidation flash zone used for high-pressure heater drain. 2.除氧器设有一个汽水分离装置或区域，以保证稳定运行并达到应有性能。2. The deaerator has a steam-water separating unit or zone to ensure stable operation and realization of the desired performance. 3.除氧器能承受所有运行工况下可能出现的各种荷载的最不利组合，包括：3. The deaerator should be able to withstand the most adverse combination of various loads that may occur in all the operating conditions, including: （1） 除氧器的内部运行中出现的最高压力及其压力波动；(1)Maximum pressure occurred during internal operation of the deaerator and its pressure fluctuations; （2） 除氧器的外部运行中出现的最高压力及其压力波动；(2)Maximum pressure occurred during external operation of the deaerator and its pressure fluctuations; （3） 除氧器的壳体重量、附件重量、保温材料重量、检修平台扶梯重量和检修平台上的载荷；充水重量；(3)Deaerator housing weight, accessories weight, weight of thermal insulation materials, weight of overhaul platform escalators and load on the overhaul platform; full water weight. （4） 安全阀开启时的反作用力和力矩；(4)Reaction and torque when the safety valve is open; （5） 能承受外部管道系统传给接管座的作用力和力矩；(5)Ability to withstand the acting force and torque which the external piping system passes on to the adapter tube support; （6） 能承受支座反力；(6)Ability to withstand the support reaction; （7） 能承受地震载荷；(7)Ability to withstand seismic load; （8） 设备的接口能承受从外部管道传来的同时作用的反作用力和力矩，并留有足够的余量。(8)The device interface should be able to withstand the simultaneously acting reaction and torque that are transferred from the external pipeline, with sufficient margin reserved. （九） 为防止任何汽源引起除氧器超压，装设安全阀。安全阀采用全启式弹簧安全阀。安全阀直接安装在内置式除氧器上。安全阀的最大释放量不小于除氧器的最大进汽量。除氧器的壳体(包括接口加强板)、接口短管、短管上的法兰均作强度验算，并要求能承受地震荷载、内压、安全阀动作的反力和力矩、热胀推力和安全阀及排汽管的重量等荷载的最不利组合的影响。(I) Safety valve is installed to prevent deaerator overpressure cased by any source of steam. Full-lift spring safety valve is adopted. The safety valve is directly mounted onto the built-in deaerator. The maximum release of the safety valve should be no less than the maximum inlet steam flux of the deaerator. The deaerator housing (incl. the interface reinforcing plate), the interface nipple and the flange on the nipple should