自考2008年-2012年英语国家概况历年真题(一句话问答及名词解释).doc.doc

( Word Reader - 未注册 ) 08年月 III. Explain each of the following terms in English. Write your answer in the corresponding space on the answer sheet in around 40 words.(20 points, 5 points for each) 61.bank holidays 62.constitutional monarchy 63.“No taxation without representation” 64.the U.S. Federal system 51.When did the recorded history of Britain begin? 52.What was the military significance of the destruction of the Spanish Armada for Britain? 53.How many Members of Parliament does the House of Commons in the U.K. consist of? 54.Please write any three of the 13 colonies the British established along the east coast of North America between 1607 and 1733. 55.What are the three branches in the U.S. federal government? 56.What dose IBM stand for? 57.On which side did Canada fight during WW ? 58.What kinds of vegetation are suitable for the hot dry climate in Australia? 59.What is partly the reason for New Zealand to have changeable weather and to be often windy? 60.What was the result of growing Irish nationalism in the early decades of the 20th century? 年月 II. Answer the Questions. (30 points, 3 points for each) Directions: Give a one-sentence answer to each of the following questions. Write your answers in the corresponding space on the Answer Sheet. 51. Why did William I have the Domesday Book compiled? 52. What is the British constitution made up of? 53. In what way is Church of England uniquely related to the Crown? 54. Why did Hawthorne attack transcendentalism? 55. What is the guiding principle of community college? 56. Whats the most central function of the Congress in the United States? 57. What are the two principal river systems in Canada? 58. What are the three topographical regions in Australia? 59. What do you know about Kiwi? 60. Why did Ireland refuse to join in World War II? III. Term Explanation. (20 points, 5 points for each) Directions: Explain each of the following terms in English. Write your answers in the corresponding space on the Answer Sheet in around 40 words. 61. Independent School 62. Wars of the Roses 63. Federalist Papers 64. Harlem Renaissance 年月 ( Word Reader - 未注册 ) II Give a one-sentence answer to each of the following questions Write your answer in the corresponding space on the answer sheet (30 points, 3 points for each) 51 What are the main functions of the British Parliament? 52 What were the two countries Elizabeth I successfully played off against each other for nearly 30 years? 53 What was the outcome of the English Civil War? 54 What are the three main Christian festivals in the U.K.? 55 What were the three cornerstones of American postwar economic boom? 56 What was the most important document produced between China and the United States when President Nixon visited China in 1972? 57 What is the most central function of the U.S Congress? 58 What are the two major parties that dominate American politics at the federal, state and local levels? 59 What are the two official languages used in Ireland? 60 Who are the native people living in Australia? III Explain each of the following terms in English Write your answer in the corresponding space on the answer sheet in around 40 words (20 points, 5 points for each) 61 Open University 62 The Speaker (of the House of Commons in Britain) 63 Muckrakers 64 The stock market crash of 1929 年月 Directions: Give a one-sentence answer to each of the following questions. Write your answers in the corresponding space on the Answer Sheet. 51. What is the cause of the decline of the British Empire? 52. Why is the English Civil War also called the Puritan Revolution? 53. What dose the British Parliament consist of? 54. Why did the American Civil War break out? 55. What are the two special powers of the Senate in America? 56. Why is the board of trustees which governs American colleges and universities composed primarily of laymen? 57. Under what treaty was modern New Zealand founded? 58. What happened to the French colony after the Seven Years War between Britain and France? 59. What happened after the English king was declared the head of the Church of Ireland, replacing the Pope? 60. How many political divisions are there in Australia? What are they? III. Term Explanation. (20 points, 5 points for each) Directions: Explain each of the following terms in English. Write your answers in the corresponding space on the Answer Sheet in around 40 words. 61. NHS 62. Whigs and Tories 63. Electoral College 64. Manifest Destiny ( Word Reader - 未注册 ) 年月 51.What is the Magna Carta also known as? 52.Who has the power to declare war and make peace in the U.K.? 53.What are the three political divisions on the island of Great Britain? 54.When was the Declaration of Independence adopted? 55.What foreign policy did the American government pursue in the early 1930s? 56.What are Conglomerates in the USA? 57.Where is the name“Canada”believed to have come from? 58.Why does Great Britain have the greatest influence upon Australia? 59.What is Maoritanga? 60.What was the consequence of the the Anglo-Irish Treaty of 1921? III.Explain each of the following terms in English. Write your answer in the corresponding space on the answer sheet in around 40 words.(20 points， 5 points for each) 61.the House of Commons 62.English feudal system 63.the U.S. two-party system 64.the New Deal 年月 II. Answer the Questions. (30 points, 3 points for each) Directions: Give a one-sentence answer to each of the following questions. Write your answers in the corresponding space on the Answer Sheet. 51. Who is directly responsible for the NHS in Britain? 52. What is the peculiar feature of the feudal system of England? 53. What is the significance of the expulsion of the English from France? 54. What is the “winner-take-all” system? 55. What mechanism did the writers of the American Constitution introduce to provide safeguards? 56. Why were American children awarded the 1965 Nobel Peace Prize? 57. How many geographical regions are there in Canada? What are they? 58. What does the Outback usually refer to? 59. What are many Maori people determined to do with Maoritanga? 60. Why is Ireland also called the Emerald Isle? III. Term Explanation. (20 points, 5 points for each) Directions: Explain each of the following terms in English. Write your answers in the corresponding space on the Answer Sheet in around 40 words. 61. the Black Death 62. the Great Charter (1215) 63. the Great Depression 64. Boston Tea Party 年月 ( Word Reader - 未注册 ) II. Give a one-sentence answer to each of the following questions. Write your answer in the corresponding space on the answer sheet. (30 points, 3 points for each) 51. On which day does Easter fall? It falls on the first Sunday after full moon that coincides with,or comes after,the spring equinox. 52. What are the four Scottish universities established in the 14th and 15th centuries? They are University of St. Andrews,University of Glasgow, University of Aberdeen,and University of Edinburgh 53. What kinds of courses require five-year study in British universities? The course that require five-year study in British univetsities are medical and veterinary courses. 54. What was King Edward (1042-1066) known as? He was knoen as Edwardthe Confessor 55. Give an example to illustrate the highly aggressive and intolerant nationalism in 1919 and 1920 in the United States. Examples such as the Red Scare,the death sentence of Sacco and Vanetti,and the revival of Ku Klux Klan 任选一 56. What was the key problem that affected the progress in U.S.-China relations from 1972 to 1979? It was the Taiwan problem. 57. What are the most memorable words Lincoln said in a short speech on the occasion of dedicating the national cemetery at Gettysburg in 1863? He said that government of the people,by the people,for the people,shall not perish from the earth. 58. What is the American tradition of laissez faire? The government should merely preserve order and protect property,leaving the control over the economy to the business people. 59. What explains the absence of large forests in Australia? The hot dry conditions that are found over most of the continent are suitable for small plants such as grasses and shrubs rather than forests. 60. Who is the head of the Australian government? The Queen of England. III. Explain each of the following terms in English. Write your answer in the corresponding space on the answer sheet in around 40 words. (20 points, 5 points for each) 61. Industrial Revolution The Industruak Revolution refers to the mechaniation of industry(2 分 ) and the consequent changes in social and economic organization in Britain in the late 18th and early 19th centuries.(2)Britain was the first country to industrialize.(1) 62. Bank Holiday Official public holidays are also called bank holidays(1)The term Bank Holiday goes back to the Bank Holiday Act of 1871.(2)which owes its name to the fact that banks are closed on the days specified(2) 63. Amerigo Vespucci Amerigo Vespucci was the navigator who proved that the land discovered by Christopher Columbus was not India,but a new continent.(3)Therefore,the land was named after him.(2) ( Word Reader - 未注册 ) 64. Research universities The research universities offer a full range of programs leading to a BA degree(1)and are committed to postgraduate education through the doctorate.(1)They give high priority to research and award doctoral degrees.(3) 2011年 7月 II. Answer the Questions. (30 points, 3 points for each) Directions: Give a one-sentence answer to each of the following questions. Write your answers in the corresponding space on the Answer Sheet. 51. How many political divisions are there in Britain? What are they? Four.England, Scotland, and Wales and Northern Ireland 52. What questions did Elizabeth I treat as personal and private? Elizabeth treated 5 questions as personal and private. These were her religion ,her marriage, her foreign policy, the succession to the throne, and her finance. 53. What were the two events in the world which most alarmed the British ruling classes in the closing decades of the 18th century? American war of independence, and the French revolution. 54. Which are the five biggest cities in terms of population in the United States? The biggest city is New York, followed by Los Angeles, Chicago, San Francisco, and Philadelphia. 55. What are the three branches of the American government? the legislative, the executive and the judicial 56. What does Mark Twain want to put across in The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn? In 1937, under a new constitution, the Governor-General was replaced by an elected president and the name of the country was officially changed to Ireland. 57. When was the name of the country officially changed to Ireland? 58. Who are easy to immigrate to Canada now? American 59. In terms of land area and population, which is the biggest state and which is the smallest state in Australia? West Australia is the largest state in Australia. Tasmania is the smallest of the Australian states 60. What are the two active volcanoes in New Zealand? Ruapehu Ngauruhoe III. Term Explanation. (20 points, 5 points for each) Directions: Explain each of the following terms in English. Write your answers in the corresponding space on the Answer Sheet in around 40 words. 61. the Chartist Movement A proletarian movement or campaign in the 19th century in England. It was to call for political changes. The Peoples Charter was put forward during the movement. But it ended in a failure. 62. Constitutional Monarchy The United Kingdom is a constitutional monarchy: the head of State is a king or a queen. In practice, the Sovereign reigns, but does not rule: the United Kingdom is governed, in the name of the Sovereign, by His or Her Majestys Government-a body of Ministers who are the leading members of whichever political party the electorate has voted into offices, and who are responsible to Parliament. ( Word Reader - 未注册 ) 63. the Bill of Rights of America 1.the Bill of Rightsthe term used for the first 10 amendments to the Constitution. 2. It guarantees: freedom of religion, freedom of speech, freedom of the press, freedom of assembly and petition, freedom from unreasonable searches, right to jury trial, right to due process of law and other legal rights. 64. the Federal System of America The federal system: the Constitution set up a federal system of government which has two layers of rule central or federal government, state and local governments. 2012年 4月 II. Give a one-sentence answer toeach of the following questions. Write your answer in the corresponding spaceon the answer sheet. (30 points, 3 points for each) 51. Was thereligious reform of Elizabeth I radical? 52. Who is the headof state of the U.K.? 53. What is theHouse of Lords made up of? 54. What is the major reason for manyearly settlers to come to the English colonies in North America? 55. What are thethree kinds of the American high schools? 56. What are thethree branches of government in the United States? 57. Besides being the capital city ofCanada, what is special about the city of Ottawa in terms of language? 58. How does the hot and dry weather in Australia affect thevegetation? 59. How do the New Zealanders usually refer themselves to? 60. In which way is Ireland uniqueamon