过去完成时和直接引语.ppt

高一外研版必修三,Module 3 The Violence of nature Grammar 1&2,Grammar 1,1. By the time the tornado ended, more than 700 people had been killed. 2. Coghlan traveled back to Canada after he had been buried in Texas. 3. My computer had been all right till last week.,Grammar 1-1. Observation (3m) look at the sentences and answer the questions,1. Which event happened first? the tornado ending 700 people dying (c) travelling back to Canada (d) being buried in Texas 2. How can you show that one event happened before another? By using a tense which is further in the past (in this case the past perfect tense),过去完成时,(1) 概念：表示过去的过去 -|-|-|- 那时以前 那时 现在 其构成是had+过去分词构成。 (2) 用法 a. 在told, said, knew, heard, thought等动词后的宾语从句。 She said (that) she had never been to Paris.,b. 状语从句 在过去不同时间发生的两个动作中，发生在先，用过去完成时；发生在后，用一般过去时。 When the police arrived, the thieves had run away. c. 表示意向的动词，如hope, wish, expect, think, intend, mean, suppose等，用过去完成时表示 “原本 ，未能” We had hoped that you would come, but you didnt.,(3) 过去完成时的时间状语 before, by, until, when, after, once, as soon as。 e.g.: 1. He said that he had learned some English before. 2. By the time he was twelve, Edison had began to make a living by himself. 3. Tom was disappointed that most of the guests had left when he arrived at the party.,被动语态,被动语态表示主语为动作的承受者。只有及物动词才有被动语态，被动语态的具体用法如下所表示：,After the hurricane, Mary _ (see) that the roof of her house _ (disappear) 2. She _ (return) home and _ (find) all her furniture _ (ruin) by the flood. 3. Arthur was surprised when he _ (arrive) home because the tornado _ (take) the feathers off his chickens.,Grammar 1 - 2. Exercise Finish the exercise at Activity 2, Page 24.,saw,returned,had disappeared,found,had been ruined,arrived,had taken,4. We _ (leave) the house when the thunderstorm _ (fininsh). 5. He _ (try) to drive back to his home Before the flood _ (pass) through the Village.,left,had finished,tried,passed,注意：当从句由after, before, when或 as soon as引导时，主句和从句都可以用 一般过去时。,Grammar 1- 2. Exercise Finish the exercise at Activity 2, Page 24.,Grammar 1 - 3. Finish the exercise at Activity 3, Page 24.,destroy die fall flood kill,1 After the earthquake, they discovered that several people _ 2 When the hurricane ended , several buildings in the town _ His village _ in the heavy rain, so he moved to his parents house.,had been killed / had died,had been destroyed /had fallen down,had been flooded /had been destroyed,4 When she woke up, she found that her house _ by the thunderstorm. 5 Arthur was unhappy because some of his animals _.,had been destroyed,had died/had been killed,When Li Ming hurried home, he found that his mother _already_to hospital. has; been sent B. had; sent C. has; sent D. had; been sent 2. We _five English songs by the end of last term. had learned B. learned C. have learned D. will have learned,Exercises,D,A,3. Han Mei told me she _lunch, so she was very hungry. A. has had B. hasnt have C. have had D. hadnt had 4. By the end of 1976, many buildings _ built in the city. A. have been B. have C. had been D. will 5. She _her keys in the office so she had to wait until her husband _home. A. has left; comes B. had left; would come C. had left; came D. left; had come,D,C,C,6. He said that it was at least ten years since I _a good drink. A. had enjoyed B. was enjoying C. have enjoyed D. have been enjoying 7. The meeting _ when Mr. Wang _ to school. A. has begun; get B. has been on; get C. had begun; got D. had been on; got,A,C,For more exercises, click here.,Grammar 2 Indirect speech,Grammar 2 -1. Observation,定义：直接引语:直接引用别人的话,把它放在引号内。 间接引语:用自己的话转述别人的话。,“Im a beatiful girl.” She said (Direct speech) She said she was a beatiful girl. (Indirect Speech),“Im still working because there is a lot to do.” he said.,He said that he was still working because there was a lot to do.,present simple becomes past simple,Grammar 2 -2. Observation What are the tense changes in indirect speech?,He said, “Eleven thousand people live here and six thousand left last week.”,He said that eleven thousand people lived there and six thousand had left a week before.,present simple becomes past simple; past simple becomes past perfect; Here becomes there; last week becomes a week before.,“Does this mean that the danger is over?” he asked.,He asked if this meant that the danger was over.,present simple becomes past simple; We add “if” if the direct speech is a “Yes / No question”.,He often says, “China is great.” He often says (that) China is great. 2. “I dont want to play football.” he said. He said (that) he didnt want to play football.,陈述句变为间接引语,要用that引导从句,口语中常可省略。,Grammar 2 -3. Rules Read following sentences, then draw a conclusion of them.,1. He says, “Is Tom an Englishman?” He asked whether/if Tom was an Englishman. 2. He asked me“ Do you want to go?” He asked me if/whether I wanted to go.,一般疑问句变成间接引语,要由连词if/whether引导,并将原来的疑问句语序变为陈述句语序。,Grammar 2 -3.Rules Read following sentences, then draw a conclusion of them.,1. He said, “Where is she going?” He asked where she was going. 2. He asked me “what did you do?” He asked me what I had done.,特殊疑问句变为间接引语,引导词仍用特殊疑问词,但疑问语序要变为陈述语序。,Grammar 2 -3. Rules Read following sentences, then draw a conclusion of them.,1. “Tom,” he said to him, “come here, please.” He asked Tom to go there. 2. Father said to me ,“Dont do that.” Father told me not to do that.,祈使句变为间接引语时,用ask / tell / order sb. to/not to do sth. 连接。,Grammar 2 -3. Rules Read following sentences, then draw a conclusion of them.,Answers:,Grammar 2 4. Exercise Finish the exercise at Activity 2, Page 26.,1 Volcanic eruptions dont happen very often on the island. A scientist said that _ _. 2 No one was on the island during the volcanic eruption. A local journalist said that _ _.,volcanic eruptions didnt,happen very often on the island,no one was/had been,on the island during the volcanic eruption,Answers:,3 The thunderstorm will put out the fires. Local people said that _ _. 4 The residents can go back to their homes. The governor said that _ _.,the thunderstorm would,put out the fires,the residents could go,back to their homes,Answers:,5 Seval eruptions have taken place in the last twenty years. A local radio station said that _