(精编版)语法专项《冠词》.ppt

考点1 冠词,1.主要考查的知识点： 定冠词的基本用法、抽象名词具体化和固定搭配等。 2.复习重点： (1)定冠词的用法(基本用法必须熟记。下面几句顺口溜可以帮助记忆：特指双熟悉，上文已提及；世上独无二，序数最高级；普转专有名，习语及乐器。) (2)不定冠词的基本用法。,(3)几种特殊用法： 专有名词前用不定冠词，表示“像的一个人或物”。如：a Napoleon。 姓名前用不定冠词，表示“某个叫的人”，多指不认识的人。如：a Miss Smith。 用于某些物质名词前，表示“一种、一份、一阵”等。如：a tea and a coffee。 用于某些抽象名词前，使抽象概念具体化。 这种用法的名词有 a surprise/knowledge/success/failure/ pleasure/interest/joy 等等。,1. 不定冠词(a/an),(1)She is _ university student. (2) Though the first letter is _ “u“ in the word “useful“,we must say“_ useful book“ A. a;a B. /;a C. /;an D. an;an,a,B,【归纳总结】,规则1：,当紧挨着不定冠词的单词的第一个音素为辅音 音素时，用 a；而当紧挨着不定冠词的单词的 第一个音素为元音音素时，用an。,特别提醒：,判断a还是an的依据是其后的词的发音，而不是字母。例如：a university student, a unique style, a European writer, an honest boy, an xray, an 800metrelong bridge等.,(1)There s _ apple tree behind _ house A. an;the B. a;a C. an;a D. the;the (2) I only know it was _dog not _ cat that bit me.,A,a,a,规则2：,“a/an 可数名词单数”常用来表示泛指,(2008.上海春) The cakes are delicious. He d like to have _ third one because _ second is rather too small. A. a; a B. the; the C.a; the D. the; a,规则3:,C,序数词前面加不定冠词a/an表示“再一，又一”之意,如:,They have a second house in the country.,【翻译下列句子并归纳总结】,在“of a/an 名词单数”结构中,不定冠词a/an表示“同一,相同”,相当于 the same,(1)The two boys are of an age. (2)These umbrellas are of a colour and size. (3)They are all songs of a type.,规则4:,【翻译下列句子】,不定冠词a/an用在姓氏和星期名称前表示“一个”,“有一个”.也可指与某名人有类似性质的人或事物,相当于“a certain”,A Mr. Li came to see you yesterday.,有位李先生昨天来看你。,规则5:,【翻译下列句子】,a/an 在表示时间和度量单位的名词前,表示“每一”,He walks twentymiles an hour.,他每小时走20英里,规则6:,2011.江西卷-Its said John will be in a job paying over $60,000_ year. -Right, he will also get paid by _ week. A. the; the B. a; the C. the ; a D. a ; a,B,What_lovely surprise to see you again! A. an B. the C./ D. a,不定冠词a/an用在某些抽象名词和物质名词前，表示“一种，一件，一个”之意；如果这些名词前有形容词修饰，则不定冠词通常不可少,D,规则7：,(1)It is _world of wonders, _world where anything can happen. A. a; the B.the; a C. a ; a D. /; / (2) When can we enjoy _ new moon?,moon, sky, world等表示世界上独一无二的事物三餐名词、专有名词被形容词修饰时前面要加不定冠词,C,a,规则8：,(2007.山东)_walk is expected to last all day, so bring_packed lunch. A. A; a B. The; / C. The; a D. A; /,【翻译下列句子】,C,提醒：breakfast, lunch, supper等前一般不用冠词， 但若受形容词修饰时用a/ an； 特指时要用the.,Its a most boring book.,这是一本非常乏味的书。,规则9：,不定冠词a/an用于most 前表示程度，意为：“非常，十分”,不定冠词用于固定结构中。quite/half/rather/many/what/such+a/an+名词 so/too/how+形容词+a/an+名词 what+a/an+adj+n,Many a woman has great influence on her husband. (2) (2011.辽宁 ) _ strange plant! I ve never seen it before. A . What a B. How a C. What D. How,许多女人对丈夫有很大影响。,A,规则10：,经常用于一些习惯搭配中。 如：a few, a little , a number of , once in a while , all of a sudden , have a swim/ walk / talk /dance / look / quarrel, a good many,规则11：,2定冠词(the),【汉译英】,他住在北方。,He lives in the north.,Were hoping to move to Scotland in _ near future. A.a B.the C./ D.one,B,规则1：,方位名词east, west, south, north, left, right, front, middle和时间名词present, past, future前都要用定冠词the,特别提醒：,这些方位名词作副词用时不加冠词,He was then heading east for the school farm.,【英译汉】,by 和计量单位名词连用时，名词前要用冠词the；例如：by the yard/the meter/the dozen/the month/the year/the hour，但如果该名词为不可数名词时，则不用冠词。如：by weight/volume/area。,The Smiths live in the apartment above ours.,史密斯一家住在我们的楼上。,规则2：,定冠词用于姓氏名称的复数前，表示“一家人或夫妇俩”。,【汉译英】,他按月付房租。,He pays the rent by the month.,规则3：,(1)My brother is playing _violin while my sister is chatting on _Internet. A. / ; the B. the ; the C. the ; / D. a ; the (2) 她擅长弹钢琴。,当西洋乐器名称作play的宾语时，名词前必须加定冠词the，但中国独有的乐器前不加the.,B,She is good at playing the piano.,规则4：,(1) I know you dont like _music very much. But what do you think of _music in the film we saw yesterday. A. / ; / B. the ; the C. the; / D. / ; the (2)This morning I saw _ woman who looked like your aunt. A. a B. the C. / D. an,名词由短语或定语从句修饰而成为特指时要加定冠词the；但是，修饰以后仍然是泛指时就不能用定冠词。,D,A,规则5：,Do you know who invented the telephone?,“the 可数名词单数”表示泛指时通常是在谈论发明物和科技问题,【汉译英】,你知道是谁发明了电话？,规则6：,(1) We caught him by the arm. (2) The robber beat him on the head.,用于某些介词短语中指身体的某个部分(介词the身体部位),【读例句归纳总结】,规则7：,(1)Students should be encouraged to use _Internet as _resource. A. / ; the B./ ; a C. the ; the D. the ; a (2) 上帝创造了宇宙吗？ (3) 他是我们班最好的学生。,独一无二的名词、江河湖海(山脉、群岛、海湾、海峡)等地理名词、形容词和副词最高级及某些含有普通名词的专有名词(国名、组织机构、建筑物、报纸杂志、会议条约等)前要用定冠词,D,Did God make the universe?,He is the best student in our class.,规则8：,(1) _ wealth does not always bring _ happiness. (2) He left _ school at the age of 18. 他18岁毕业。 (3)They live near _ school. 他们靠近一所学校居住。 (4) Todays vehicles use two kinds of _ fuel petrol and diesel. (5) He used to be _ teacher till he turned _ writer. (6) _ president was holding _ meeting.,3零冠词 (即不用冠词),用适当的冠词填空,/,/,/,a,/,a,/,/,the,(7) This is common in _nature. (8) I like playing _ football while my brother likes playing _ chess. A. the ; the B. the; / C. / ; the D. / ; / (9) _Readers Digest is a popular magazine. (10) George couldnt remember when he first met Mr. Anderson, but he was sure it was _ Sunday because everybody was at _table. A. / ; the B. the ; / C. a ; / D. / ; a,/,D,/,C,【归纳总结】,规则1：,物质名词和抽象名词都是不可数名词，泛指总称时不用冠词，如：(1)中wealth和happiness。,规则2：,class, school, church, college, university, hospital, prison, court, bed, table等名词，当我们取它们的功能意义作某一目的用时，不加冠词；如果这些名词表示“场所”时，要加冠词，如：(2)、(3)。,规则3：,“kind of 名词”中的名词不用冠词，类似的名词还有：type, sort, species，如：(4)中“fuel”。,规则4:,在动词turn之后作表语的名词前不用冠词。如：(5)中“writer”。在as(虽然)引导的让步状语从句前面的单数可数名词前不用冠词。,规则5：,表示职位、身份、头衔和季节、年份、日期的名词前，不用冠词，如：(6)中“president”。,规则6:,society表示“我们居住的社会”时， space表示“星球间的距离即太空”时， nature表示“大自然”时， most表示“大多数”，man 表示“人类”，word表示“消息”时都不用冠词。如(7),规则7：,学科名词，球类运动和棋类游戏名词前不用冠词，如：play football踢足球。如(8),规则8：,多数街名、广场名、车站、机场、公园、桥梁名、大学名、节日名、杂志名前。如（9） Time Square 时代广场 St. Valentines Day 情人节 Readers Digest读者文摘,规则9：,一些习语中常使用零冠词。如（10） at table 在吃饭；on purpose 故意的；lose face 丢脸； within reach of 在够得着的地方； in case of 假如，万一。,4、用冠词与不用冠词的特定情况,I lost my pen yesterday. I will have to buy one. I lost my pen yesterday. I will have to buy a new one.,比较下列两个句子,我的钢笔丢了，我要买一支。,我的钢笔丢了，我要买支新的,【归纳总结】,（1）在 take part in, catch hold of 等短语中，名词前一般不加冠词，但当名词被形容词修饰后，须加不定冠词 a(n)。例如：take an active part in, catch a tight hold of。 替代词 one 的用法亦是如此。,in bed in the bed in office in the office in prison in the prison by sea by the sea at table at the table at school at the school go to college go to the college,(2)在有关场所的名词前，用了冠词就单指具体场所。如果不用冠词，则转指该场所的功能、作用等抽象意义。,(人)睡觉、卧床,(人)在床上,执政,在办公室,坐牢,在监狱里,由海路,在海边,在进餐,在桌旁,在求学中,在学校,上大学,到大学去,特别提醒：有些短语中用或不用定冠词 the 完全是出于习惯。试比较：go to the office (cinema/theatre/university)上班(去看电影/去看戏/上大学)go to town进城/go to the countryside 下乡 in town 在城里/in the city 在城市里,（3）下列短语中,有无不定冠词,意义不一样：,in word(s) in a word of age of an age at times at a time in crowds in a crowd have words with have a word with by day by the day in front of in the front of in charge of in the charge of,口头上,总而言之,成年,同龄,有时,不时地,一度,一次,成群地,在人群中,争吵,与谈一下,在白天,按日计,在前面(范围以外),在前部(范围之内),负责，管理,由负责，在管理下,four of us 我们当中的四人 the four of us 我们四人(共有四人) in future 从今以后 in the future 未来，在将来 on earth 到底，究竟，在世界上 on the earth 在地球上，在地面上 of age 成年/of the age 当代，现代 in course of 正在过程中 in the course of 当时候，在期间 in place of 代替 in the place of 在地方,5、冠词的几个特殊位置,(1)名词短语中有 many, such, what 等词修饰时，不定冠词要放在这些词的后面。如： many a student, such a clever boy, what a kind man。,冠词一般放在最前面，但在下列情况下，冠词要后置：,(2)形容词前有 as, so, too, how, however 等副词修饰时，不定冠词要放在形容词之后，名词之前。,He is not _you think. 他并不像你想象的那么蠢。 _have you ordered? 你订的房间有多大？,so big a fool as,How large a room,(3)不定冠词可以放在副词rather 之前，也可放在其后，但必须放在副词fairly之前，quite之后。例如：,This is _. 这真是突然的变化。 I think it _for you. 我想这工作对你来说太容易了。 Einstein is said to be_. 据说爱因斯坦的小提琴拉得相当不错。,quite a sudden change,a rather easy job,a fairly good violinist,(4)名词短语里如果有 exactly, just, double, twice, half, both, all 等词修饰时，定冠词须放在这些词的后面。如：,exactly the same amount, just the person, half the way, twice the length, both the sides 等。,【高考链接】,1.【2012江西卷】21The Smiths dont usually stay at hotels, but last summer they spent a few days at a very nice hotel by _ sea. A/; a Bthe; the C/; the Dthe; a,C,解析：hotel为复数，前不会用定冠词the来修饰；江，河，湖，海前要加定冠词,2.（10辽宁22）There are over 58, 000 rocky objects in _ space, about 900 of which could fall down onto _ earth. A. the; the B. 不填; the C. the; 不填 D. a; the,解析：考查冠词。第一空in space 是固定短语，不用冠词，第二空名词earth属于独一无二事物的名词，其前必须用定冠词。,B,3.（09陕西）What_pity that you couldnt be there to receive_prize! A. a; a B. the; a C. a; the D. the; the,4.（09四川）In order to find _ better job, he decided to study _ second foreign language. A. the; a B. a; a C. the; the D. a; the,第一空所填冠词与上下文构成固定句型what a pity that，用不定冠词a；第二空后名词表示表特指，用定冠词the，选C。,C,B,该题的意思是：为了找到一个更好的工作，他决定再学习另外一门外语。第一空表示泛指；第二空用a +序数词+名词表示又一，再一。,5.（10福建21）Its _ good feeling for people to admire the Shanghai World Expo that gives them _ pleasure. A. 不填, a B. a, 不填 C. the, a D. a, the,解析：good feeling并非特指，故用a；pleasure是抽象名词，无需冠词。句意为“人们喜欢上海世博会给它们的快乐，这是（一）种不错的感觉” a good feeling , 一种不错的感觉，give sb pleasure。,B,6.（2008江苏卷21）We went right round to the west coast by _ sea instead of driving across _ continent. A. the; the B. /；the C. the; / D. / ; /,by +交通工具中间不用任何冠词；与水路对应，专指陆路，所以用定冠词the.,B,7.（2008浙江卷） _ apple fell from the tree and hit him on _ head. A. An; the B. The; the C. An; / D. The; /,一个苹果，可数名词；hit sb on the head 固定用法。击中某人某个部位用定冠词。,A,8.(2008湖南卷22）22. Have you heard _ news？The piece of _ petrol is going up again! A. the, the B. /，the C. the, / D. /，/,第一空填定冠词，表特指; 第二空填不定冠词，a success的本义是“一件成功的事情”，它在此指“一个成功的晚会”。,听说那个消息，特指后面的石油价格上涨，所以用定冠词；石油不可数名词，所以不用任何冠词。,C,9.(2007福建卷)How about _ Christmas evening party? I should say it was _ success. A. a; a B. The; a C. a; 不填 D. the; 不填,B,10.(2007江西卷)Many people have come to realize that they should go on _ balanced diet and make _ room in their day for exercise. A. a; / B. the; a C. the; the D. / ; a,第一空填不定冠词，因为diet表示“节食”时，为可数名词; 第二空不填冠词，因为room在此指“空间”“空处”，是不可数名词。,A,11.(2007全国II)Could you tell me the way to _ Johnsons, please? Sorry, we dont have _ Johnson here in the village. A. the; the B. the; a C. / ; the D. the; /,第一空填空定冠词，the Johnsons。第一空填空定冠词指约翰逊一家人; 第二空填不定冠词，a Johnson指“一个叫约翰逊的人”。,B,12.【2012全国新课程】22. Sarah looked at finished painting with satisfaction. A.不填；a B. a; the C. the; 不填 D. the; a,13.【2012安徽卷】21. Carl is studying food science at college and hopes to open up meat processing factory of his own one day. A. / ; a B. / ; the C. the ; a D. the ; the,【解析】第一空特指“已经画完的画”；第二空考查介词短语with satisfaction意为：满意地，作状语。此处satisfac