2018年高考英语一轮复习Unit4Globalwarming单元知识新人教版.docx

Unit 4 Global warming1. consume vt. 消费；消耗；耗尽；吃完 The factories consume a large amount of coal. 这些工厂消耗了大量的煤。 We should consume most of our time in reading. 我们应该把大部分时间花在读书上。 The kids soon consumed all the food on the table. 孩子们一会儿功夫便把桌上的食品全部吃光了。【归纳拓展】be consumed with 被（某种情感）所折磨consumer n. 消费者consumption n. 消费(量)；消耗(量)time-consuming adj. 耗时的 汉译英 她把大部分时间都花在读书上了。_ 这辆汽车很费汽油。_【答案】 She consumed most of her time in reading. The car consumes a lot of fuel.2. come about 出现；发生How did it come about that you were an hour late on such a short trip? 这样一次短途旅行你还迟到一小时，这是怎么回事？ How did this come about? 这是怎么发生的？【归纳拓展】 come about是不及物动词短语，其后不能接宾语，也没有被动语态，主语一般为物。常指情况不受人控制地突然发生。常用句型：How did it come about that.？某事是怎么发生的？；It come about that.发生了。 与come有关的其他短语也要记住：come across 被理解；偶然碰见，无意中找到come along 跟着来；进步；赶快come back回来；记起 come on开始；上场；赶快；得了吧come out （花）开；出版，发行come to 总计，达到come up 走近；（从土中）长出，发芽；被提出come up with 赶上；提出（建议）【易混辨析】come about/happen/take place/break out/occurcome about 多指事情已经发生了，但还不知道为什么。happen 强调偶然发生，主语往往是事件、事故等，其后可接不定式；常用于It happened that.句型中。take place 发生；举行，常指计划或安排好的事情的发生与进行，不含偶然性。break out 多指（战争、火灾、疾病、疫情等的）突然爆发occur 可指发生偶然事件或产生抽象事物（如思想等）；常用于It occurs to sb that.结构。【名师点津】表示“发生”的词或短语：come about，happen，occur，take place，break out，都是不及物动词或短语，都没有被动语态。 New-comer as you are, if you spend a little more time on your work, I am sure youll _ ahead in the end.A.come upB.come aboutC.come throughD.come out【答案】D3. subscribe （1）v. 同意，赞成；捐助，出资；订阅。常见搭配：subscribe to同意/赞成(=agree with)；订阅（报刊等）subscribe to为捐助（金钱等）(=contribute to) They havent subscribed to newspapers yet. 他们还没有订阅报纸。（2）vt. 在签名；签。常见搭配：subscribe to在上签 I subscribed my name to the document.我在文件上签了名。【名师点津】和subscribe连用的to是介词，其后要跟名词、代词、动名词作宾语。 (1)I dont _ the view that girls are slower than boys in science.A. refer toB. see toC. subscribe toD. stick to【答案】C【解析】句意：我不同意女孩比男孩在科学方面反应慢的观点。refer to参考，谈到，提到，涉及；see to负责，处理，注意；subscribe to同意，赞同；stick to坚持，其宾语多为原则、规则、诺言或某一想法，根据句意可知选C。(2)What do you think of the plan to build a power station in the village? I dont _ to it at all. It will ruin the village.A.respondB.submitC.subscribeD.contribute【答案】C【解析】考查动词辨析。respond回应，回复；submit顺从，屈服，提交；subscribe同意，赞成，订阅；contribute贡献。句意：“你认为在这个村子里建一个电站这个计划怎么样？”“我一点也不赞成。它会毁掉这个村子的。”由句意可知，C选项切题。4. quantity n. 量；数量Huge quantities of oil were shipped to Japan last year. 去年大量的石油被海运到日本。As a result of destroying the forests，a large quantity of desert has covered (cover) the land. 由于破坏了森林，大量的沙漠覆盖了陆地。He likes reading and always buys books in quantity. 他喜欢阅读，总是成批地买书。【归纳拓展】a large/small quantity oflarge/small quantities of“大/少量的”，既可以修饰 可数名词也可以修饰不可数名词 a(large)quantity of后接名词作主语时，谓语常用单数形式 (large)quantities of 后接名词作主语时，谓语常用复数形式in quantity 在数量上；大量地 in large quantities 大量地a quantity of和quantities of既可修饰可数名词，又可修饰不可数名词，谓语动词由quantity本身的数决定。 There is a large quantity of rain in this area. 这一地区雨量大。 There are large quantities of rain in this area. 【巧学妙记】With more forests being destroyed, huge quantities of good earth _ each year. A. is washing awayB. is being washed awayC. are washing awayD. are being washed away【答案】D5. tend vi.趋向；易于；照顾；vt.照顾，护理tend to do sth.倾向于做某事tend to/towards sth.倾向于某事tend (to) sb./sth.照顾（=attend to）Janet tends to get angry if you disagree with her. 你如果不顺着珍妮特，她往往容易大发脾气。Mom was usually busy tending (to) my younger sisters. 妈妈通常要忙于照顾我的妹妹们。【归纳拓展】tendency n. 倾向；偏好have a tendency to do sth. 倾向于做某事（1）Take it easy. People to make mistakes when doing things in a hurry.A.promiseB.tendC.offerD.expect【答案】B【解析】句意:放松些,人们在着急做事时总容易犯错。tend to意为倾向,符合句意。promise答应,允诺;offer提供;expect期待,预料。（2）As many students will graduate from colleges, there is a for unemployment to rise in the summer.A.customB.tendencyC.tensionD.supply【答案】B6. go up上升，增长，升起为不及物动词短语，不能用于被动语态。近义词有rise和increase。常见的搭配：go up by上升了（by表示上升的程度或幅度）go up to上升到（to表示上升的后果）Prices of fruit and vegetables have already goneup水果和蔬菜的价格已经上涨了。【归纳拓展】go短语总结： go down倒下，下沉；(物价)下降go out 出去，(灯)灭go on 继续go over 仔细检查；复习go through 经历，遭受；穿过；完成(工作等)go in for爱好；对感兴趣；参加语法填空I dont go _ for rock n roll. Its much too noisy for me.If you go _ nature, you will be punished sooner or later.With prices going _ so fast, we cant afford luxuries.(奢侈品)If you want to use my dictionary, go _. Its a spare one.She went _ a lot of hardships in her childhood.【答案】 in against up aheadthrough7. result in导致，造成的结果 其中in是介词，后面跟名词、动名词作宾语。近义词（组）有cause,bring about,lead to, contribute to。Stress and tiredness often result in a lack of concentration. 紧张和疲劳常使人精神不集中。The accident resulted in two deaths. 这场意外事故造成两人死亡。【易混辨析】result in/result fromresult in意为“导致，造成”，指引起某种结果，即主语是原因，宾语是结果。result from意为“因而发生，随发生”，指某种结果是由于某种原因而产生的，即主语是结果，宾语是原因。Lack of exercise results in many illnesses. 缺乏锻炼会引起很多疾病。His stomachache resulted from his eating too much. 由于吃得太多，他肚子疼。【归纳拓展】as a result结果as a result of.由于的结果without result没有结果；白费He has got lung cancer_ smoking twenty cigarettes a day.A.soB.as a result ofC.as a resultD.so that【答案】B8. oppose vt.反对；反抗；与(某人)较量 opposed adj.相反的；对立的 常见搭配： oppose oppose sth.to/against sth.使某事物与另一事物对照或对抗 be opposed to.反对；与对立（to是介词）The parents strongly opposed their daughter going there alone. 父母极力反对女儿单独去那里。Most company bosses say they are opposed to employees working a lot of overtime. 大多数公司老板说，他们反对雇员频繁加班。My parents strongly _ my _ to go to college out of Beijing, because they dont like my being far away from them.A.enjoy; wishB.oppose; attemptC.advocate; effortD.object; desire【答案】B9. consequence nC 结果；后果；影响 常见搭配：as a consequencein consequence结果，因此in consequence ofas a consequence of由于，因为的缘故answer for the consequences对后果负责take the consequences of承担责任The city was in ruins in consequence of/as a consequence of a severe earthquake. 由于严重的地震，这座城市变成了废墟。She studied hard，and in consequence/as a consequence she passed the examination. 她努力学习，结果通过了考试。I was caught in the heavy rain and consequently(consequent)I was late. 我碰上了大雨，所以迟到了。The problem of smog is becoming increasingly serious. _, the citizens need to wear masks when going out.A.On the contraryB.In other wordsC.As a consequenceD.On the whole【答案】C10. state vt. & n. 陈述，说明（1）vt. 陈述，叙述；说明，声明 sth/wh- to do sth 说（明）某事state oneself to be. 宣称自己是 that. 说 It is stated that. 据说 The facts are already clearly stated in the report. 报道已经对事实作了清楚的说明。 Please state whether you are married or single. 请说明你是已婚或单身。 It is stated that the service in that hotel is better than before. 据称那家旅馆的服务水平比以前好多了。 They sated that the diamond had been stolen. 他们宣称钻石已被偷。（2）C n. 状态（况），情况；国家；州，邦 in a(n).state/in a state of 处于的状态keep up a good state of 保持良好的心态in a bad/good state 处于坏的/好的状况中 Everything was in a state of disorder. 一切都处于紊乱的状态。 We must pay taxes to the state. 我们必须向国家纳税。【归纳拓展】statement n. 陈述，声明 make a statement 声明 The minister at first declined to make a statement, but later she agreed. 部长起初拒绝发表声明，但后来她同意了。I _ my destination. The driver acknowledged my instructions but did not move off. A. statedB. orderedC. decidedD. chose【答案】A【解析】句意：我说出了我的目的地。司机听到我的指示，却没有出发。此处表示我说出目的地。state作动词，表示说明，陈述。11. even if即使；尽管与even though同义，引导让步状语从句，从句常用一般时代替将来时。可位于句首或句中I wouldnt tell you even if I knew.即使我知道我也不会告诉你。He never apologizes, even though he knows that he is wrong. 他从不道歉，即使他错了。I wont go to the wedding even if I am invited. 即使被邀请我也不会去参加婚礼。【归纳拓展】引导让步状语从句的连词小结用although，though，even though，even if 等引导让步状语从句，意思是“尽管”或“虽然”。用when 和 while 引导让步状语从句，意思是“尽管；虽然”。用as 引导让步状语从句，意思是“虽然；尽管”。用作此意时必须将表语、状语或动词原形提到as前面。The engineers are so busy that they have no time for sports activities, they have the interest.A.even ifB.as ifC.wheneverD.wherever【答案】A12. keep on 继续（1）用作不及物动词短语，在句中单独使用（2）构成短语keep on doing sth. “继续做某事”Keep on until you come to a filling station.继续前进，直到加油站为止。They kept on working although they were tired. 他们虽然很疲劳，但还是继续工作。The heavy rain didnt keep them from watching the football match. 大雨没能阻止他们看足球赛。【归纳拓展】keep 构成的短语还有： keep back(与)保持距离；抑制；隐瞒keep off不接近keep out挡住；使不进入keep away from避开keep up with赶上；跟上keep ones word /promise履行诺言keep.from (doing) sth阻止某人做某事keep in touch with与保持联系keep to坚守；遵守；坚持keep.in mind记住用适当的介词或副词填空。We will reach the goal if we keep _ the plan.The captain tried his best to keep our spirits _He told the boys playing football to keep _ the grass.Keep the children away _ the machine.【答案】 toupofffrom13. glance vi.看一下；瞥一眼；扫视；n.C一瞥glance over/through/at浏览at first glance/sight乍一看give/take a glance (at)(朝)一瞥He glanced through/over the newspaper. 他大致浏览了一下报纸。At first glance the problem seemed easy. 乍看之下这个问题似乎很简单。She glanced at her watch and then went out in a hurry. 她匆匆看了看表然后匆忙出去了。【易混辨析】glance/glare/stareglance指快速地看某人或某物一眼，强调动作glare 指怒视，强调敌对、威胁的态度stare 指由于害怕或吃惊而睁大眼睛注视某人或某物，也指盯着看Lily is so shy that whenever she is introduced to strangers, she always at them quickly and then looks down at the ground.A.staresB.glancesC.laughsD.points【答案】B14. on the whole 大体上；基本上 The two buildings are similar on the whole. 从整体来看，这两幢楼是相似的。 Is the collection going to be divided up or sold as a whole? 这批收藏品是零售还是一起卖？【归纳拓展】as a whole作为一个整体；总体上 in general大体上；总的来说generally speaking一般来说 The business as a whole was successful. 那笔生意整体来看是成功的。 Generally speaking, I dont go out on sundays. 一般来说，我周末不出去。 You have made a few grammar mistakes in your essay but _ you have done well.A. on the wholeB. on the other handC. first of allD. generally speaking【答案】A【解析】on the whole总的来说；on the other hand另一方面；first of all首先，最重要的是；generally speaking通常来说。句意：虽然你的论文中有一些语法错误，但是总的来说你写得很出色。15. average adj. 平均的；普通的 n. 平均数 On average，people who dont smoke are healthier than people who do. 通常，不吸烟的人比吸烟的人健康。 Toms work at school is above (the) average，while Harrys is below (the) average. 汤姆在学校的功课在一般以上，而哈利的功课在一般以下。【归纳拓展】on average平均来看 above average高于平均水平 below average低于平均水平 up to average 达到平均数；达到一般水准average v. 平均数为；算出平均数 average out算出平均数 完成句子汤姆的功课在学校是中游以上水平。Toms work at school is _.一般地说，男子比女子吸烟多。 _ men smoke more cigarettes than women.【答案】above averageOn average16. on behalf of代表一方；作为的代言人 On behalf of everyone here，I wish you a pleasant journey. 我代表在座各位祝你旅途愉快。 Mr Knight cannot be here，so his wife will accept the prize on his behalf. 奈特先生不能来，因此由他的夫人代他领奖。I, my parents and myself, thank you for all the trouble you have taken to help us out.A.in favor ofB.on behalf ofC.by means ofD.in respect of【答案】B17. advocate vt.拥护；提倡；主张 n拥护者；提倡者常见搭配:advocate (doing) sth.提倡(做)某事advocate that提倡(从句谓语用should动词原形，should可省)an advocate for/of 的支持/拥护者 Our government advocates the use of energysaving lights. 我国政府提倡使用节能灯。 I dont advocate building (build)large factories. 我不主张建造许多大工厂。 Many teachers advocate that the education system(should)be reformed (reform) 很多教师主张改革现有的教育制度。完成句子许多人主张增设医院。Many people _ _ more hospitals.有时她主张我应该存些钱。Sometimes she would advocate that I _ some of the money.【答案】advocate building(should) save18. put up with 容忍，忍受 I dont know how she puts up with him. 我不明白她怎么受得了他。 Im not going to put up with their smoking any longer. 我再也不能容忍他们抽烟了。【归纳拓展】(1)“动词+up with”型短语：come up with 找到（答案）catch up with 追上；赶上end up with以结尾team up with 合作，与结成一队(2) put构成的其他短语put up 举起；张贴；建造；投宿；搭起 put away收拾，积蓄，放好put back 放回原位；拖延，延误 put down放下；记下；镇压put off 推迟，使延期，使失去兴趣 put on穿上；发胖；上演put out 将扔到外面；扑灭 put forward把提前；提出建议 用put短语填空I can _ _ _ the house being untidy, but I hate it if its not clean.The exam results will be _ _ on Friday afternoon.【答案】put up with put up19. so long as 只要用作连词，引导条件状语从句，此时可用as long as替换。 Ill help you so long as I have time. 只要我有时间我就会帮助你的。 You may borrow this book, so long as you keep it clean. 这本书你只要能保持整洁，就可以借给你。【归纳拓展】条件状语从句有两种：真实条件句和非真实条件句（即虚拟条件句）。能引导真实条件句的连词除了so/as long as外，还有if，unless，suppose/supposing(that)，providing/provided that，given(that)，on condition that，only if等。 完成句子只要你有自信，你就会获胜的。_ _ _ you have confidence in yourself, youll win.It is so cold that you cant go outside _ fully covered in thick clothes.【答案】So/As long asunless1. There is no doubt that the earth is becoming warmer and that it is human activity that has caused this global warming rather than a random but natural phenomenon.毫无疑问，地球正变得更加暖和。全球变暖是人为的，而不是随意的自然现象。Theres no doubt that.意为“是毫无疑问的”。 There is (some) doubt之后常接whether引导的从句，表“怀疑是否会”；there is no doubt后常接that引 导的从句，表“对毫不怀疑”。doubt用作动词时，意为“怀疑，不相信”。在肯定句中doubt后面的从句由whether/if引导；在疑问句或否 定句中doubt后面的从句由that引导。There is no doubt at all that we did the right thing.毫无疑问我们做得对。I doubt(I have my doubt)whether/if he is the best man for the job.我怀疑他是否是做这项工作的最佳人选。There is some doubt whether/if he is fit for the job.至于他能否胜任这项工作，还有疑问。（1）I am sure he will come. I have about it.A.no problemB.no hurryC.no doubtD.no wonder【答案】C（2）There is no doubt _ you are bound to have an accident if you drive so fast down the motorway.A.whichB.whetherC.thatD.if【答案】C【解析】考查连词（固定句型）。There is no doubt that是固定句型，意思是“毫无疑问”，其中，that引导同位语从句。句意：如果你在高速公路上开得这么快，毫无疑问会出事故的。故选C。2. That probably does not seem much to you or me, but it is a rapid increase when compared to other natural changes. 这个数值对你我来说很可能无关紧要，但是跟其他自然变化相比较而言，这却是一种快速的增长。when compared to.是时间状语从句的省略，其完整形式为：when it is compared to.，状语从句的省略的用法： 省略成分：从句主语be 适用的从句：时间、条件、让步等状语从句 省略条件：主从句主语一致或从句主语是it，且从句谓语含有be When (she was) very young, she began to learn to play the piano. 她很小就开始学弹钢琴。 If (it is) necessary, ring me at home. 如果有必要，往我家里打电话。【巧学助记】巧记状语从句的省略时，条，让，方，地，主语同，谓语be，二者省去不可惜，从句主语是it，省去its也可以。Children, when _ by their parents, are allowed to enter the stadium.A. to be accompaniedB. to accompanyC. accompanyingD. accompanied【答案】D3. As Im not sure where to start with my project, I would appreciate any suggestions you may have. 因为我还不清楚我该从哪里着手开始我的研究，我会感激你们的任何建议。（1）本句为主从复合句，as引导原因状语从句，在该从句中where to start.作Im not sure的宾语；you may have为定语从句，修饰suggestions。where to start with my project为疑问词不定式结构。疑问代词(who，what，which等)和疑问副词(when，where，how等)后面跟不定式，构成疑问词不定式结构，这种结构在句中可以作主语、宾语(一般用在tell，understand，explain，advise，discuss等后面)、表语等。 Where to go tomorrow has not been decided. 明天到什么地方去尚未决定。 He has to learn how to hunt for food, and make fire. 他得学会如何寻找食物以及生火。 The most difficult challenge is how to survive without friends. 最难的挑战就是生活中孤独无友。【温馨提示】将该结构改成从句时，需在疑问词后加上适当的主语，并将不定式改成适当形式的谓语。 How to do it is a question. How we should do it is a question. 我们该怎样做是一个问题。 Which to choose is important. Which we should choose is important. 我们要选哪个很重要。（2）此处为be sure疑问词不定式结构.；另外be sure后面可以跟从句或跟介词of/about动名词或名词，意为确信，对有把握。be sure不定式表示必定，必然会，准会。 Im sure what to do next. 我确定下一步要做什么。 Im not sure when to finish the task. 我不确定什么时候完成任务。 完成句子有二十名学生要去听如何快速阅读的课。Twenty students want to attend the class that aims to teach _ _ _ _.【答案】how to read fast4. It takes a lot of energy to make things from new materials，so，if you can，buy things made from recycled materials.用新材料来做这些东西要耗费大量的能源，因此，如有可能，就买那些用再生材料制成的物品吧。It takes sth.to do.是固定句式，表示“做某事需要”。It 在此作形式主语，真正的主语是后面的不定式短语。It takes sb.to do./It takes.for sb.to do.做某事花某人(时间、精力等) It took great courage to tell the truth. 说出真相需要很大的勇气。It usually takes half an hour for me to arrive(arrive)at my school. 我通常花半小时到达学校。翻译句子Persistence is a good quality and thats what it takes to achieve your dream._【答案】坚持不懈是一种好品质，是实现你的梦想所需要的品质。it的用法()it可用于强调结构中。在语言的使用过程中，有时我们要根据具体语境的需要对句中的某些部分进行强调，这时候我们就需要一种特殊的句型强调句。1. 强调句型的基本结构强调句型的基本结构为：It is/was被强调部分that/who其他成分。强调句型的一般疑问句：Is/Was it被强调部分that/who其他成分？强调句型的特殊疑问句：特殊疑问词is/was itthat其他成分？Is it in 2012 that the 30th Olympic Games will be held in London？ 是在2012年第30届奥运会将在伦敦举行吗？How was it that your brother succeeded in finishing the difficult task？ 你哥哥是怎样成功完成了那个困难的任务的？2. 强调句型强调的成分强调句型强调的成分：主语、宾语、状语。被强调部分指人时，用who或that皆可；指物时，只能用that；被强调部分是时间、地点，原因或方式状语时，不用when，where，why或how而用that。 It was the beautiful lady that/who I met in the hotel yesterday. 我昨天在旅馆里遇到的正是这位漂亮女士。(强调宾语) It was in Beijing that we visited the Birds Nest and Water Cube. 正是在北京我们参观了鸟巢和水立方。(强调地点状语) It is my mother who/that reminds me t