2010届中考英语透析语法形容词和副词考点.doc

3eud教育网 百万教学资源，完全免费，无须注册，天天更新！透析中考英语语法形容词、副词考点ww.zk53u.ecom【形容词、副词命题趋势】形容词是用来修饰名词的词表示名词的属性，副词和形容词一样，在句中起修饰作用，所不同的是：形容词主要修饰名词；而副词主要修饰动词、形容词、副词和句子等。对形容词、副词的考查是高考一项重要考查内容，考查的方向主要体现在以下几个方面： 1. 形容词的用法；2. 副词的用法；3. 形容词和副词原级、比较级、最高级的用法；4. 形容词和副词在句中的区别和位置。【考点诠释】一、考查形容词的作用与位置ww.zk53u5.ecom 形容词修饰名词，说明事物或人的性质或特征。常放在被修饰的名词前作定语，放在系动词后作表语，或放在宾语之后作宾语补足语。1多个形容词作定语时的排列顺序【考例】-Yeah, too _work makes me tired. 太原市A. little B. many C. much答案C。解析本题重在考查几个形容词的用法。little有“小的”或“几乎没有”等意思。many与much都有“多”的意思，但many修饰可数名词复数，much修饰不可数名词。空格后的名词work是不可数名词，故应选C。2形容词用作定语，修饰不定代词时，通常后置。The idea of sunshine sport makes it possible for kids to choose and do about sport as long as one hour every day. 哈尔滨市A. pleasant something B. anything pleasant C. nothing pleasant答案B。解析考查形容词和不定代词的位置关系。从句子意思可知应填anything pleasant表“任何高兴的事”。A结构不对，C表否定。3表语形容词(well，unwell，ill，faint， afraid，alike，alive，alone，asleep，awake等)作定语，需要后置；有些表示身体健康状况的形容词，如well，faint，m只作表语；sick既可作表语又可作定语。【考例】Carl felt _because he won the first prize in the school singing competition. 安徽省A. interested B. proud C. angry D. worried答案B 。解析考查形容词词义。根据句意“获奖是值得高兴、自豪的事情”，应选proud。I feel _to have a friend like him. He always helps me out when I am in trouble. 太原市A. luckily B. happy C. sorry答案B。解析本题重在考查系动词的用法。系动词feel“觉得”其后可接形容词作表语，A项为副词，故排除；B、C虽然都是形容词，但意义相反，根据后句推断选B。Jin Yong is one of the greatest and oldest_ writersHe is still_.镇江A1iving；alive B1iving；1ivingCalive；living Dalive；alive答案：A解析：alive作表语或后置定语，指“有生命的，活的，还出着气的”；living指“健在的，现行的，现代的”，可作表语，也可作定语。句意为“金庸是最伟大的健在的老作家之一，他仍然活着”，故选A。4用作补足语。【考例】Li Leis words made her_.济南 Ahappily BangrilyCcrying Dangry答案：D解析：本题考查make后跟形容词作宾语补足语的用法。选项中只有angry为形容词，故选D。5 形容词之间词义的区别【考例】Nothing in the world is _if you put your heart into it. 昆明A. impossible B. important C. interesting D. necessary答案A。解析考查几个重要的形容词的含义。这是一个含有条件状语从句的复合句，后句给出的条件是“如果你把你的整个心思放进去”，那么可以很容易判断在世界上没有什么是“不可能的”，其余三项“重要的、有趣的、必须的”都与句子意思不符。-Would you like to go and see a film?-Sure; the TV programmes are too_.南京A. surprising B. interesting C. exciting D. boring答案D。解析考查形容词。根据语境应选boring意为“枯燥的”。Why are you so_?Because our pingpong player Wang Liqin has won the world championship福州Aexcited BexcitingCbored Dboring答案：A解析：由题意“我们的乒乓球运动员王励勤获胜”，故选A或B。exciting“令人兴奋的”，往往修饰物事；excited指人兴奋，故选A。二、考查副词的作用与位置ww.zk553u.ecom1副词则用来修饰形容词、动词、副词或句子，一般位于形容词之前，动词之后或句子之首。The suitcase(手提箱)was _heavy for me to carry，so I pulled it up the stairs and into my flat沈阳A quite B so C very Dtoo答案D。解析考查 tooto句型。tooto太而不能，“这个手提箱太重了，提不动，所以 。We all love Miss YangShe always makes her history class very_. 重庆 Ainterest BinterestsCinteresting Dinterested答案：C解析：very是副词，后要跟形容词，该形容词修饰事物history class，故用interesting；如果修饰人用interested。故选C。2enough作副词修饰形容词、副词时，必须后置。【考例】 What do you think of the lecture(演讲)of Li Yangs Crazy English? I think its_，but someone thinks its much too_.安徽芜湖Awonderful enough；boredBenough wonderful；boringCwonderful enough；boringDenough wonderful；boredC解析：enough修饰形容词时要后置，故排除B、D，而形容物时要用一ing形式的形容词，形容人时用一ed形式的形容词，故选C。3 副词之间的词义区别【考例】Its too late to go out now and_, its starting to rain.杭州A. though B. besides C. however D. instead ww.zk653u.ecom解析：答案为B。题干前半句说“现在时间太晚了不能出去了”，后面有说“天开始下雨了”，这两者是什么关系呢？不能出去的原因有两个，时间太晚不出去不方便，天在下雨就更不好出去了，因此两者应该是并列或递进关系。选项B的besides意为“此外，而且”，符合题意故为正确选项。三、对形容词和副词的比较等级的考查1原级的用法。 表示双方在程度、性质、特征等某方面相等时，用“as+原级形容词副词+as”的结构；表示双方不相等时，用not so(as)+原级形容词副词+as的结构；表示一方是另一方的若干倍时，用“倍数+as+原级形容词副词+as”的结构。 【考例】John is much shorter than his sister，but he jumps _she does连云港Aas good as B as best as Cas high as Das higher as答案C。解析用“asas”作比较时，应使用形容词或副词的原级，据此可将B与D项排除。good是形容词，不能用作状语修饰谓语动词，所以C项正确。Dont just believe the advertisementThat kind of camera is _it says. 湖北 Aas good as Bnot as good as Cas well as Dnot as well as答案：B解析：上句为“不要仅仅相信广告”，下句应为“这种相机没有它说的好”。“不如”用not as+ adjadv + as，句中有is，故用形容词。故选B。2比较级的用法。1表示一方超过另一方时，用“比较级+than的结构表示。【考例】Which coat is _on me，the blue one or the black one?一The blue one北京市A good B better Cbest Dthe best答案B。解析 考查比较级，根据句意：“哪个大衣我穿着更好看，是蓝色的，还是黑色的?”两者比较用比较级，故选B。 I think Shanghai food is _Sichuan foodI dont agreeI like Sichuan food better沈阳市A better than B so good as C more than D as well as答案A 。解析is是系动词，后面不能用as well as(因为well作adv：)，所以排除D。not soas表“不及”，用在否定句中故也被排除。more than不合句意，所以选A。一What does your cousin look like now?0h, he is much _than before福州市A strong B stronger C strongest Dtoo strong答案B。解析本题考查形容词的比较级。than”是比较级的标志，它表示两者作比较，应使用形容词strong的比较级stronger，故选B项。Lets go by plane, Its _than by train. 吉林省A. faster B. fastest C. slower D. slowest答案A 。解析由关键词than可知用比较级，所以排除了B、D。再由常识：飞机的速度快于火车，故选A。2表示一方不及另一方时，用less+原级+than的结构表示。【考例】The doctor told Mary to eat _ vegetables and _meat because she was getting fatter and fatter. 广东省A. much; little B. more; less C. many; few D. more; fewer答案B。解析 考查few与little的区别。本题由句意入手，“医生叫玛丽多吃蔬菜，少吃肉，因为她正变得越来越胖。”由后边的原因状语从句来看主句中也应为比较级，排除A、C选项，vegetable为可数名词，用many的比较级more修饰，meat为不可数名词，用little的比较级less修饰，故本题选B。威海 一Hi，TomIs your brother as active as you?一No，hes a quiet boyHe is_.Aless outgoing than meBnot so calm as ICmore active than IDas outgoing as I31答案：A解析：根据前句“他是一个安静的男孩”，也就是“不如我活泼”，故只有A符合句意。3一方在程度或数量上超过另一方时，可在比较级前加程度副词even，a lot，a bit，a little，still，much，far，yet，by far等来修饰。【考例】-You speak English much _than before. ww.zk53u.ecom-Thank you. 陕西省A. well B. better C. best D. good答案B。解析 句中有表示比较的连词than，所以所填部分必定是比较级，而选项中只有better是比较级。-Mr Smith, would you please speak a little more _? -Sorry! I thought you could follow me. 安徽省A. quietly B. quickly C. slowly D. politely答案C。解析此题考查比较级。由答语可知对方要求说得稍慢一些，而slowly的比较级是more slowly，其他几项不符合要求。4用more and more 的结构，表示“越越【考例】The number of giant pandas is getting _ because their living areas are becoming farmlands. （年江苏盐城）A. less and less B. larger and larger C. smaller and smaller D. fewer and fewer【解析】 答案为C。句意为“大熊猫的数量越来越少因为他们的生存空间正逐渐变成农场”。本题中四个选项都是“比较级+ and + 比较级”的结构，表示“越来越”。主语为number，只能和large或small搭配。而结合句意可判断答案为C。5. 用the+比较级+句子其它成分，the+比较级+句子其它成分”表示“越越【考例】一Hi, AndrewHow can you improve your English so much? Oh，nothing difficultThe _you work at it，the _progress you will make黄冈市A harder；more B more hardly；moreChardier；greater Dharder；great答案A。解析 考查比较级的用法。the+比较级，the+比较级表示“越越”，如：the more，the better越多越好。-As middle school students, we should study hard for the future.- ww.zk53u.ecom-I think so. _we study now, _future well have. 哈尔滨市A. The hard; the good B. The harder; the better C. The hardest; the best答案B。解析 根据题意可知要选比较级，“the+比较级，the+比较级”；表示“越，越”。依据句意：“现在学习越努力，将来会越好。”四、最高级的用法。1三者或三者以上相比，表示最高程度时，形容词最高级用the+最高级”结构表示。这种句式一般常有表示比较范围的介词短语。Who is _running star in your college?I think Philip is长春Afamous Bmore famous Cthe most famous D1ess famous答案：C解析：由in your college在你们大学里”限定范围，使用最高级，故选C。 Of all the sports shoes , John bought _ pair. Then he had some money for socks. 成都市A. a cheaper B. the most wonderful C. the least expensive答案C。解析 考查形容词比较级。根据句意可知，one of+(最高级)+名词复数，故排除A，再看句意，“因此他留下一些钱买袜子”故选C。What do you like_，tea，coffee or milk? ww.zk53u.ecom-Tea, of course. 浙江Abetter Bgood Cwell Dbest答案：D解析：本题考查副词最高级的用法。从三者中选择一者，构成了最高级的用法，故选D。2形容词最高级可被序数词以及muchBy far，nearly，almost，by no means，not quite，not really。nothing like等词语所修饰。【考例】 4作状语的副词最高级前可以不加定冠词。【考例】 Did you enjoy yourself at the party? 一YesIve never been to _one before苏州 Aa more exciting Bthe most excited Ca more excited Dthe most exciting答案：A解析：由句意“我以前从未参加过比这个更令人兴奋的晚会”可知，此处要用比较级，故排除B、D两项。修饰物时要用一ing形式的形容词，故选A。5形容词和副词前面使用冠词的情况。Welcome to our hotelIts _in the city北京Agood BbetterCbest Dthe best答案：D解析：由in the city这一范围确定要用最高级，且最高级前要使用冠词the，故选D。English is one of _important subjects in our school 济南Amost Bthe mostCmore Dmuch more 答案：B解析：本题考查形容词最高级的用法，根据范围in our school可判断用最高级，故选B。-I am getting _each month. I cant put on my jeans.-Im afraid you have to take exercise every day. 河南省A. heavy B. heavier C. the heavier D. the heaviestAmy makes fewer mistakes than Frank. She does her homework_.南京市A. more carefully B. more carelessly C. more careful D. more careless答案A。 解析考查副词的比较级。修饰动词应用副词，且此题为比较级，故选A。六、考查形容词、副词词义或用法上的区别【考例】Susan enjoys a cup of tea at times，but _she drinks coffee扬州市A. mostly B almost Cnearly Dmost答案A。解析本题应从句意上破解，“大多数时候”她喜欢喝咖啡，四个选项中， mostly可用作副词修饰谓语动词，符合句意。 Zhou Feng has 1earned English for many years，but he can _understand the English speakers.07江西省A. hardly B certainlyCalways Dalmost答案A。解析考查副词词义的区别。 抓住连词but是破解题目的关键所在，它在句中表转折，意为“但是”。 学了多年英语，理应能听懂英语，但他却“不能”，所以应选表示否定含义的副词hard1y。Remember to e-mail meAll of us hope to hear from you_.天津市A quickly B soon Cfast Dquick 答案B。解析 此处应是副词作状语，所以D项排除。quickly常指动作敏捷，soon意为“很快；不久；fast常指速度快。由句意可知B项正确。Unluckily，Mr. Brown drove so _that his car crashed into a tree yesterday evening 连云港Acareless BcarefulCcarefully Dcarelessly 答案：D解析：本题考查形容词与副词的用法，副词修饰动词。由题意“太粗心撞到了树上”，故选carelessly。沈阳 Alice _eats meat so that she can keep herself from getting too fatArarely Balways Cnearly Dcarefully答案：A解析：rarely意为“很少”；always意为“总是”；near1y意为“几乎”；carefully意为“细心地”。【语法回顾】形容词和副词形容词是用来修饰名词的词表示名词的属性，副词和形容词一样，在句中起修饰作用，所不同的是：形容词主要修饰名词；而副词主要修饰动词、形容词、副词和句子等。1. 形容词的用法 (1) 形容词在句中作定语, 表语, 宾语补足语。 例如： Our country is a beautiful country. 我们的国家是一个美丽的国家。（作定语） The fish went bad. 鱼变坏了。（作表语）We keep our classroom clean and tidy. 我们保持我们的教室干净、整洁。（作宾语补足语）(2) 形容词修饰something, anything, nothing, everything等不定代词时,形容词放在名词后面。 I have something important to tell you. 我有重要的事情告诉你。 Is there anything interesting in the film. 在这部电影里有一些有趣的事情吗？(3) 用 and 或 or 连接起来的两个形容词作定语时一般把它们放在被修饰的名词后面。起进一步解释的作用。 Everybody, man and woman, old and young, should attend the meeting. 每个人，无论男人、妇女，老人和年轻人应该参加会议。 You can take any box away, big or small. 你可以拿走箱子，大的或小的。(4) 用形容词表示类别和整体。某些形容词加上定冠词可以泛指一类人，与谓语动词的复数连接，如the dead，the living，the rich，the poor，the blind，the hungry等。例如：The rich should help the poor.富人应该帮助穷人。（5）有关国家和民族的形容词加上定冠词指这个民族的整体，与动词的复数连用，如the British，the English，the French，the Chinese等。例如： The English have wonderful sense of humor. 英国人颇有幽默感。 2. 副词的用法(1) 副词在句中可作状语,表语和定语。 He studies very hard. 他学习很努力。（作状语）Life here is full of joy.这儿的生活充满着愉快。 （作定语） When will you be back? 你什么时候回来？ （作表语） 副词按其用途和含义可分为下面五类：1)时间副词时间副词通常用来表示动作的时间。常见的时间副词有：now today, tomorrow, yesterday, before, late, early, never, seldom, sometimes, often, usually, always等。例如：He often comes to school late.他经常上学迟到。What are we going to do tomorrow? 我们明天干什么？He s never been to Beijing.他从来没有到过北京。2)地点副词地点副词通常用来表示动作发生的地点。常见的地点副词有：here, there, inside, outside, home, upstairs, downstairs, anywhere, everywhere, nowhere, somewhere, down, up, off, on, in, out等。例如：I met an old friend of mine on my way home.在回家的路上，我遇见了一位老朋友。He went upstairs.他上楼了。Put down your name here.写下你的名字。3)方式副词方式副词一般都是回答“怎样的？”这类问题的，其中绝大部分都是由一个形容词加词尾-ly构成的, 有少数方式副词不带词尾-ly, 它们与形容词同形。常见的方式副词有：anxiously, badly, bravely, calmly, carefully, proudly, rapidly, suddenly, successfully, angrily, happily, slowly, warmly, well, fast, slow, quick, hard, alone, high, straight, wide等。例如：The old man walked home slowly.这位老人慢慢地走回家。Please listen to the teacher carefully.请仔细听老师讲的。He runs very fast.他跑得很快。4)程度副词程度副词多数用来修饰形容词和副词，有少数用来修饰动词或介词短语。常见的程度副词有：much, (a) little, a bit, very, so, too, enough, quite, rather, pretty, greatly, completely, nearly, almost, deeply, hardly, partly等。例如：Her pronunciation is very good.他的发音很好。She sings quite well.他唱得相当好。I can hardly agree with you.我不能同意你的意见。5)疑问副词是用来引导特殊疑问句的副词。常见的疑问副词有：how, when, where, why等。例如：How are you getting along with your studies? 你的学习进展得怎么样？Where were you yesterday? 昨天你在哪里？Why did you do that? 你为什么做那件事？(2)副词在句中的位置1)多数副词作状语时放在动词之后。如果动词带有宾语，则放在宾语之后。例如：Mr Smith works very hard.史密斯先生工作和努力。She speaks English well.他的英语讲得很好。2)频度副词作状语时，通常放在行为动词之前，情态动词，助动词和be动词之后。例如：He usually gets up early.他通常起得早。Ive never heard him singing.我从未听过他唱歌。She is seldom ill.她很少生病。3)程度副词一般放在所修饰的形容词和副词的前面, 但enough作副词用时，通常放在被修饰词的后面。例如：It is a rather difficult job.这是一份相当难的工作。He runs very fast.他跑得很快。He didnt work hard enough.他工作不够努力。4)副词作定语时，一般放在被修饰的名词之后。例如：On my way home, I met my uncle.在回家的路上，我遇见了我的叔叔。The students there have a lot time to do their own research work.这里的学生有许多时间做研究工作。(3)部分常用副词的用法1) very, much这两个副词都可表示“很”，但用法不同。Very用来修饰形容词和副词的原级，而much用来修饰形容词和副词的比较级。例如：She is a very nice girl她是一个很漂亮的姑娘。Im feeling much better now.现在我感觉很好。Much可以修饰动词，而very则不能。例如：I dont like the idea much.我不太喜欢这个主意。They did not talk much.他们很少交谈。2) too, either这两个副词都表示“也”，但too用于肯定句，either用于否定句。例如：She can dance, and I can dance, too.她会跳舞，我也会。I havent read the book and my brother hasnt either.我没有读这本书，我的弟弟也没有。3) already, yetalready一般用于语肯定句，yet一般用于否定句。例如：He has already left.他已经离开。Have you heard from him yet?你还没有收到他的信吗？He hasnt answered yet.他仍然没有回答。4) so, neitherso和neither都可用于倒装句， 但so表示肯定，neither表示否定。例如：My brother likes football and so do I.我哥哥喜欢足球，我也喜欢。My brother doesnt like dancing and neither do I.我哥哥不喜欢跳舞，我也不喜欢。3. 形容词和副词的比较级和最高级ww.zk53u.ecom大多数形容词（性质形容词）和副词有比较级和最高级的变化，即原级、比较级和最高级，用来表示事物的等级差别。原级即形容词的原形，比较级和最高级有规则变化和不规则变化两种。1） 规则变化 单音节词和少数双音节词，加词尾-er，-est来构成比较级和最高级。构成法原级比较级最高级一般单音节词未尾加-er,-esttalltallertallest以不发音的e结尾的单音词和少数以- le结尾的双音节词只加-r,-stnicenicernicest以一个辅音字母结尾的闭音节单音节词，双写结尾的辅音字母，再加-er,-estbigbiggerbiggest以辅音字母+y结尾的双音节词，改y为i，再加-er，-estbusybusierbusiest少数以-er,-ow结尾的双音节词未尾加-er,-estclever/narrowcleverer/ narrowercleverest/ narrowest其他双音节词和多音节词，在前面加more，most来构成比较级和最高级important/ easilymore important/ more easilymost important/ most easily2） 不规则变化原级比较级最高级Goodbetterbestwell（健康的）worseworstBadill（有病的）Oldolder/elderoldest/eldestmuch/manymoremostLittlelessleastfar farther/furtherfarthest/furthest3）主语+谓语(系动词)+as+形容词原形+as+从句。表示两者对比相同。(1）在否定句或疑问句中可用so as。例如：He cannot run so/as fast as you. 他没你跑得快。Maths is as interesting as English.数学和英语一样有趣。(2）当as as 中间有名词时采用以下格式：as +形容词+ a +单数名词/ as + many/much +名词。例如：This is as good an example as the other is. 这个例子和另外一个一样好。I can carry as much paper as you can. 你能搬多少纸，我也能。(3）用表示倍数的词或其他程度副词做修饰语时，放在as的前面。例如：This room is twice as big as that one. 这房间的面积是那间的两倍。Your room is the same size as mine.你的房间和我的一样大。(4）倍数+ as + adj. + as 倍数+ the + of。例如：This bridge is three times as long as that one. 这座桥的长度是那座的三倍。This bridge is three times the length of that one.Your room is twice as large as mine. 你的房间是我的两倍大。Your room is twice the size of mine.4）比较级形容词或副词 + than 。例如：You are taller than I. 你比我高。They lights in your room are brighter than those in mine.你房间的那些灯比我房间里的亮。注意： 1）要避免重复使用比较级。（错） He is more cleverer than his brother.（对） He is more clever than his brother.（对） He is clever than his brother.2）要避免将主语含在比较对象中。（错） China is larger than any country in Asia.（对） China is larger than any other countries in Asia.3）要注意对应句型，遵循前后一致的原则。The population of Shanghai is larger than that of Beijing.It is easier to make a plan than to carry it out.4）要注意定冠词在比较级中的使用。比较：Which is larger, Canada or Australia? Which is the larger country, Canada or Australia? She is taller than her two sisters. She is the taller of the two sisters. (2) most 同形容词连用而不用 the,表示 极,很,非常, 十分。 Its most dangerous to be here. 在这儿太危险。 (4) 形容词比较级 + and + 形容词比较级 , 表示 越来越. 。 Its getting hotter and hotter. 天气越来越热。第四节、最高级表达形式及用法I、基本用法1、三个或三个以上的人或事物相比，其中一个人或事物在某方面比其他都好，这就要使用形容词与副词的最高级。其结构为：the+形容词/副词（最高级）+其他+of（in，among）+（比较范围）例如：This is the happiest day in my life.这是我一生中最快乐的一天。This is one of the best novels that I have ever read.这是我所看过的小说中最好的一本。The Yellow River is the second longest river in China.黄河是中国第二长的河流。2、最高级的副词和形容词的比较应该有一个范围，这个范围通常由介词of，in，among+名（代）词构成的介词短语来表示。Miss Zhao is one of the most popular teachers in the school.赵小姐是学校里最受欢迎的教师之一。Of all the students, Wangbing reads (the) most correctly.在所有的这些学生当中王冰读得最准确。They all came early but she came (the) earliest of all.他们都来得很早，但她来得最早。II、比较级表示最高级的几个句型：在中学英语里，最高级表示的最常见形式是“主语+谓语+the most.(est) + 比较范围。”除此之外，常见的表达最高级含义的比较级结构还有：1)主语 + 谓语 + 比较级 + than the othersThis one is much larger than the others.这一个比其它大的多得多。He is taller than the others in his class.他比班上其他人都高。2）主语 + 谓语 + 比较级 + than anyone (anybody, anything)elseHe is stronger than anyone else in his class.他比班上的任何人都强壮。His handwriting is much better than anyone elses.他的书法比其他人都好3) 主语+谓语+比较级 + than any other +单数名词I think Chinese is more popular than any other subject.我想汉语比任何的课程更受欢迎。Tom is taller than any other student