动词时态语态讲义.doc

英语时态汇总 I 一般现在时态1 适用范围： 表示目前经常发生的动作或存在的状态，或客观事实和普遍真理。2 助动词：do/does3 动词形式：动词原形或动词的第三人称单数形式（does）简称三单注：动词由原形变成三单的规则等同于名词变复数，大体有8种方式。简单说就是词末加s 举例 like-likes go-goes4 时间状语：sometimes, usually, often, every day, in the morning 5 句型公式（肯定句）主语+动词+其他 三单主语+动词三单+其他 (否定句) 主语+dont+动词+其他 三单主语+doesnt+动词+其他 (一般疑问句)Do+主语+动词+其他？ Does+三单主语+动词+其他？（回答）Yes, 主语+do. Yes, 三单主语+doesNo,主语+dont. . No, 三单主语+doesnt6 例句They like apples. She likes apples.They dont like apples. She doesnt like apples.Do they like apples? Does she like apples?Yes, they do. Yes, she does.No, they dont. No, she doesnt.II 现在进行时态1 适用范围：表示现在或目前正在发生的动作。2 助动词：be (am, is, are)3 动词形式：动词的现在分词形式（doing）注：动词的现在分词（doing）的构成（1）直接在动词后加ing go-going(2)以辅音加e结尾的去掉词末的e再加ing hike-hiking(3)重读闭音节，并且词末的三个字母顺序是辅元辅的，双写词末的辅音字母再加ing put-putting(4)特殊变化lie-lying tie-tying die-dying 4 时间状语: now5 句型公式（肯定句） 主语+be+动词ing+其他 (否定句) 主语+be+not+动词ing+其他 (一般疑问句) Be+主语+动词ing+其他？（回答） Yes, 主语+be. No, 主语+be+not.6 例句They are sleeping now. They are not sleeping now Are they sleeping now? Yes, they are. No, they arent.III 将来时态1 适用范围：表示将要发生的动作。2 助动词：will (主语是I或we的时候可以用shall) / be going to3 动词形式：动词原形4 时间状语：tomorrow next year 5 句型公式（肯定句）主语+will+动词+其他 主语+be going to+动词+其他 (否定句) 主语+wont+动词+其他 主语+ be +not+going to+动词+其 (一般疑问句)will+主语+动词+其他？ Be+主语+ going to+动词+其他?（回答）Yes, 主语+will. Yes, 主语+beNo,主语+wont. . No, 主语+be+not6 例句They will swim tomorrow. They are going to swim tomorrow.They wont swim tomorrow. They arent going to swim tomorrow.Will they swim tomorrow? Are they going to swim tomorrow?Yes, they will. No, they wont Yes, they are. No, they arentIV 一般过去时态1 适用范围：表示在过去时间里发生的事情或存在的状态。2 助动词：did3 动词形式：动词的过去式注：动词过去式的构成（1）绝大多数动词直接在词末加ed finish-finished (2)以e结尾的动词在词末直接加d like-liked (3) 以辅音加y结尾的动词将y变成i再加ed carry-carried(4) )重读闭音节，并且词末的三个字母顺序是辅元辅的，双写词末的辅音字母再加ed stop-stopped(5)与原形一致 put-put(6)特殊变化 go-went4 时间状语 yesterday last night5 句型公式（肯定句） 主语+动词过去式+其他 (否定句) 主语+didnt+动词+其他 (一般疑问句) Did+主语+动词+其他？ （回答） Yes, 主语+did. No,主语+didnt. . 6 例句 They went to the park last week. They didnt go to the park last week Did they go to the park last week? Yes., they did. No, they didnt.V现在完成时态1 适用范围：2 助动词：have/has3 句型公式（肯定句） 主+ have/has+过去分词+其他. (否定句) 主+ have/has+not+过去分词+其他. (一般疑问句) Have/has+主+过去分词+其他?（回答） Yes,主+ have/has. No,主+ havent/hasnt4 分类:1表完成 2表持续5 换词问题(瞬间性-持续性)1 becomebe 2buyhave 3borrowkeep 4diebe dead5open-be open 6closebe closed 7leavebe away 8start/begin be on 9finish/endbe over 10join be in/be a member of1 I have_ (buy) a book already.2 I have_ (buy) a book for 5 days.3 I havent_ (buy) a book for 5 days6.经典句型1 He has been dead for 5 years.2 He has been dead since 5 years ago3 He has been dead since 2003.4 It is 5 years since he died.5 5 years has passed since he died.6 I have worked since I graduate. 动词语态I语态分类1主动语态 2被动语态II被动语态句型公式1情态动词的被动语态主语+情态动词+be+过去分词+by+其他2一般式(一般现在/过去时态)主语+be+过去分词+by+其他3进行式(现在/过去进行时态)主语+be+being+过去分词+by+其他4将来式(将来/过去将来时态)主语+will/would+be+过去分词+by+其他主语+be+going to+be+过去分词+by+其他5完成式(现在/过去完成时态)主语+have/has/had+been+过去分词+by+其他III将下列句子变成被动语态1They make a model ship.2 Lucy planted some trees.3 Tom is repairing the car.4 They will help Jack.5 They were going to visit the Palace Museum6 I have finished the work.7 You must answer the phoneIV不使用被动语态的情况1不及物动词没有被动语态 walk2某些及物动词(组)没有被动语态Have/wish/dream/livetake place/break out3主动表被动主动表被动(1)主系表结构The ice feels cold(2)主语+need+doing 需要The room needs cleaning.(3)主语+be+worth+doing 值得The match is worth watching.(4) 某些及物动词,表示主语的性征,并且有个副词结尾时,主动表被动.The coat washes well.The books sell well.不规则动词的过去式过去分词表I.A-A-A型. costcost cost 值， 花 hithit hit 碰，撞 letlet let 让 setset set 树立 ，下沉hurthurt hurt 伤害 readread read 读 putput put 放 cutcut cut 砍，切shut-shutshut 关闭II.A-B-B 型.(1).元音字母变化 get-gotgot sit-sat-sat find-foundfound meet-met-met feedfedfed win-wonwon holdheld-held spitspat-spat dig-dugdug shoot-shotshot stand-stood-stood understand-understood-understood(2).辅音字母变化 make-mademade lend-lent-lent have/has-had-had send-sent-sent spendspent-spent build-built-built spill-spilt-spilt(3).原形后+t或去e+t mean-meant-meant spoil-spoilt-spoilt feel-feltfelt leave-left-left keep-kept-kept sleep-slept-slept sweep-swept-swept (4).词尾+d hear-heard-heard tell-told-told sellsold-sold say-said-said pay-paid-paid lay-laid-laid(4).词尾+d hear-heard-heard tell-told-told sellsold-sold say-said-said pay-paid-paid lay-laid-laid(5).augh读/ : / catch-caught-caught teach-taught-taught(6).ough读/ : /buy-bought-bought bring-broughtbrought think-thought-thought fight-fought-foughtIII.A-B-C型.(1).iau ring-rang-rung sing-sang-sung drink-drank-drunksink-sank-sunk swim-swam-swum begin-began-begun (2). eat-ate-eaten see-sawseen fall-fell-fallen give-gave-givendrive-drove-driven rise-rose-risen hide-hid- hidden / hid take-took-taken mistake-mistook-mistaken be(am, is)-was-been are- were-been (3). owewow+n draw-drew-drawn blow-blew-blown know-knew-known grow-grewgrown throw-threw-thrown show-showed-shown(4).break-broke-broken speak-spoke-spoken choose-chose-chosen freeze-froze-frozen steal-stole-stolen (5).write-wrote-written ride-roderidden forget-forgot-forgotten wear-wore-worn(6).do-did-done go-went-gone fly-flew-flown lie-lay-lain IV.A-B-A型. come-came-come become-became-become run-ran-run V.A-A-B型. beat-beat-beatenVI.有两种形式.learn-learned-learned 或 learnt-learnt burn-burned-burned 或