PhilosophersofAncientChina全文翻译.doc

Philosophers of Ancient ChinaAncient China was a palce where states were often at war with each other. But it was also a time when there were many great philosophers. Confucius（孔子） ( 551BC - 479BC ) is the philosopher whose influence has been the greatest. He stressed the importance of kindness, duty and oder in society. Chinese society was influenced by these ideas for more than 2000 years. Mencius（孟子） was a thinker whose teachings were very similar to those of Confucius. Mencius was born in 372BC. His father died when he was young, and he was brought up by his mother. He became a student of Confuciuss ideas, and was then given an important position in the government of a state. However, when he saw that the ruler was not following his advice, he resigned. For many years he travelled from state to state, teaching the principles of Confucius. He then became an adviser to another ruler. He spent his last years preparing a book of his teachings called The Book of Mencius. Mencius believed that the reason why man is different from animals is that man is good. He taught that if the government was kind, then people would be good. He believed that people were more important than rulers, and hated the state when it treated people badly. Mozi（墨子） was another teacher who was very influential. Born in 476BC, he came from a family which was very poor. He became famous for his unusual clothes and behaviour. Mozi founded the philosophy called Mohism. In some ways, his beliefs were similar to those of Confucius. For example, he considered that government was most important. As a result, he spent many years trying to find a state where people would follow his teachings. Mozi believed that all men were equal. His idea of love was different from the Confucian idea of kindness. Mozi taught that we should love all human beings and look after those who are weaker than ourselves. He hated the idea of war. Mozi died in 390BC.中国古代哲学家古代中国是一个地方，国家之间经常发生战争的。但这也是一个有许多著名哲学家。孔子（孔子）（551bc -479bc）是一位影响最大的哲学家。他强调，善良，还是在社会责任和。中国社会的影响，这些想法超过2000年。孟子（孟子）是一个思想家的学说非常相似的孔子。孟子是天生的在372bc。他的父亲去世时，他年轻的时候，他是由他的母亲。他成为一名学生孔子的思想，并给出了重要地位的国家的政府。然而，当他看到统治者不采取他的建议时，他辞职了。多年来他周游列国，孔子的教学原则。他后来成了一位顾问向另一个统治者。他晚年准备他的书称为孟子学说。孟子认为，之所以不同于动物是人的善良。他教导说，如果政府是善良的，那么人们就好了。他认为，人们更重要的统治者，讨厌的人治疗时的状态。墨子（墨子）是另一位有影响的。在476bc出世，他来自一个很贫穷的家庭。他成为著名的为他的不寻常的衣着和行为。墨子创立的哲学称为墨。在某些方