2018某市中考英语真题试卷附解析

2018 某市中考英语真题试卷附解析注意事项：1.本试卷共 12 页，10 道大题，满分为 120 分，考试时间为 120 分钟。2.根据网上阅卷需要，本试卷中的所有试题均按要求在答题卡上作答，答在本试卷上的答案无效。3.考试结束后，将本试卷与答题卡分别封装一并上交。听力部分一、听句子，选择图片。第一节 听句子，从每小题 A、B 、C 选项中选择最佳图片。 （每个句子读两遍）1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 二、听句子、对话和短文。第二节 听句子，从每小题 A、B、C 选项中选择能对句子做出适当反应的答语。 （每个句子读两遍）6. A. Sure. What would you like? B. Thank you all the same.C. Sure. Friend rice and a cup of tea7. A. My English teacher B. Interesting C. Science8. A. Im sorry to hear that B. How are you feeling now? C. You should see a doctor9. A. Yes, I will B. Of course, Id love to C. Yes, thanks10. A. Its terrible. I really love it B. Im afraid Ive no idea. C. Its a wonderful place to live第三节 听对话，从每小题 A、B 、C 选项中选择能回答所给问题的最佳选项。 （每个对话读两遍）听下面一段对话，回答第 11 至 12 小题。11. Whats the machine used for?A. Washing clothes B. Making noodles C. Cleaning the floor12. How much was the machine?A. 300 yuan B. 200 yuan C. 500 yuan听下面一段对话，回答第 13 至 15 小题。13. Where did the stay during their holiday?A. In a hotel B. On the mountain C. In some farmers houses14. How was the weather during their holiday?A. Rainy B. Cloudy C. Sunny15. When did they return?A. Last night B. This morning C. Yesterday afternoon第四节 听短文，根据所给问题选择最佳选项。 （短文读两遍）16. Teds hobby is _.A. keeping a pet B. playing balls C. listening to music17. Ted got this pet dog when he was _.A. 11 B. 12 C. 1318. Ted got this pet dog from _.A. his father B. his brother C. his mother19. Lots of kids like to _ Teds pet.A. play balls with B. play chess with C. run after20. Teds pet likes playing_ with him.A. ping pong balls B. basketball C. football三、听短文，填表格第五节 听短文，根据短文填写表格，每空一词。（短文读两遍）A school trip after the examWhere to go The West ParkHow far About 21 kilometers away from the schoolWhat to do Walk around the lake and look at trees and beautiful 22 Climb the mountains and go 23 How long For 24 hours in the parkWhat to bring A 25 and a pair of sports shoes四、单项选择从下面每小题的 A、B、C 、D 四个选项中选择可以填入空白处的最佳选项。1. Tim is _ eleven-year-old boy. He likes playing _ basketball.A. /; a B. an;/ C. an; the D. a; an【答案】B【解析】【详解】句意：Tim 是一个十一岁的男孩，他喜欢打篮球。a 和 an 都是不定冠词，修饰可数名词单数，表示泛指一个；an 用于元音音素前； the 是定冠词，修饰名词表示特指。第一个空表示“一个的男孩” ，应用不定冠词，后面的单词 eleven-year-old 的第一个音素是/i/，元音，故用 an 修饰。第二个空后是basketball 篮球，在球类运动的前面不加冠词。故应选 B。2. This is _ family photo, I took it on her mothers _ birthday.A. Mary; forty B. Marys; fortieth C. Mary; fortieth D. Marys; forties【答案】B【解析】【详解】句意：这是 Mary 的家庭照片，我在她妈妈四十岁生日的时候拍摄的。Mary 是一个女孩的名字，玛丽；Marys 是名词所有格形式， “Mary 的” ；forty 四十，基数词；fortieth 第四十，序数词；forties 是复数形式。第一个空后有名词 family photo，故应填名词所有格，作定语修饰这个名词；第二个空表示的是“岁生日” ，应用序数词，故选B。3. _ the _ of the car?A. How; money B. Whats price C. How much; money D. Whats; price【答案】D【解析】【详解】句意：这辆汽车的价格是多少？Howmoney 形式错误；What s price 这两个词应该分开；How muchmoney 形式错误，直接用 How much 来提问价格，句型是 How much be? Whats the price of.表示提问的价格，符合句意，故选D。4. Money is important, but it cant buy _, especially happiness and health.A. anything B. something C. everything D. nothing【答案】C【解析】【详解】句意：钱是重要的，但是不是所有的东西都能用钱买到，尤其是幸福和健康。anything 任何事，常用于否定句或者疑问句中；something 某事，常用于肯定句中；everything 每件事；nothing 没有什么事。根据句意可知，这里表示“不是所有” ，部分否定，用 not+ everything，故应选 C。5. In China, there are more _ in primary schools than in high schools.A. woman teacher B. women teachersC. women teacher D. woman teachers【答案】B【解析】【详解】句意：在中国，小学里女老师比中学里更多。woman teacher 女老师，单数形式；women teachers女老师，复数形式；women teacher 和 woman teachers 两种形式多是错误的。在这个短语中 woman作定语，修饰名词 teacher，在变复数的时候，woman 和 teacher 都应变为复数形式，根据句中的there are可知，这里应填复数形式，故选 B。6. I cant stand _ in public.A. smoking B. to smoke C. smoke D. smokes【答案】A【解析】【详解】句意：我不能忍受在公众场合吸烟。smoking 吸烟，是动名词形式； to smoke 动词不定式；smoke 吸烟，动词原形；smokes 是动词的第三人称单数形式。句中使用了句型 cant stand doing sth.不能忍受做某事，故这里应选 A。7. Mum wants to watch the CCTV news. Lets _ the TV.A. turn down B. turn on C. turn off D. turn in【答案】B【解析】【详解】句意：妈妈想看中央电视台的新闻，让我们打开电视吧。turn down 把声音关小；turn on 打开；turn off 关掉；turn in 上交。根据句意 Mum wants to watch the CCTV news 可知，想看新闻应该是把电视打开，故应选 B。8. The old couple were _ because they had a _ trip in Australia.A. pleased; pleasure B. pleased; pleasantC. pleasant; pleased D. please; pleased【答案】B【解析】【详解】句意：这对老夫妇非常的高兴，因为他们在澳大利亚进行了一次愉快的旅行。pleased 愉快的，高兴的，是一个形容词，常修饰人；pleasant 令人愉快的，形容词，常修饰物；pleasure 快乐，是一个名词；please 是一个动词，使愉快。第一个空前是 be动词的形式，这里应用形容词作表语，且是来修饰人的，故用 pleased；第二个空是作定语，修饰名词trip，故用 pleasant。选 B。9. Students _ to the library after school.A. allow to go B. are allowed goingC. will allow go D. are allowed to go【答案】D【解析】【详解】句意：学生们被允许放学后去图书馆。allow to go 形式错误，allow 后不能用动词不定式作宾语；are allowed going 形式错误， allow 后直接用动名词作宾语；will allow go 形式错误；are allowed to go 被允许去。这里考查 allow 这个词的用法，它的意思是“允许” ，常用于句型 allow sb. to do sth.或allow doing sth.，根据句意可知，句中的主语Students 和动词 allow 构成被动关系，故应选 D。10. In our school, most of us like playing football instead of basketball. So basketball is _than football.A. more popular B. most popular C. less popular D. least popular【答案】C【解析】【详解】句意：在我们学校，我们大多数人都喜欢踢足球而不喜欢打篮球，因此篮球不如足球受欢迎。more popular 更加受欢迎；most popular 最受欢迎；less popular 不受欢迎；least popular 最不受欢迎。根据句意和句中的 than 可知，这里表示篮球和足球两者相比，应用比较级形式，故先排除 B 和 D。根据句中 most of us like playing football instead of basketball可知，足球比篮球更加受欢迎，所以篮球是不比足球受欢迎的，应选 C。11. Where are going for your summer holidays? I _go to Dalian. I havent decided.A. may B. need C. must D. mustnt【答案】A【解析】【详解】句意：你打算去哪里度暑假？我可能去大连，我还没有决定。may 可能；need 需要；must 必须；一定；mustnt 禁止，不要。根据句意 I havent decided 可知，说话人还没有决定，所以这里表示只是有可能去大连，故应选 A。12. -Do you know the man _ is talking with our Chinese teacher?-Yes. He is my uncle, Mr. King.A. which B. who C. whom D. whose【答案】B【解析】【详解】句意：-你知道那个和我们的语文老师谈话的人吗？-是的，他是我的叔叔，King 先生。which 引导定语从句，是关系代词，先行词为物；who 引导定语从句，关系代词，先行词为人，在从句中作主语或者宾语；whom 是关系代词，引导定语从句，先行词是人，在从句中只能作宾语；whose. 的。根据句子结构可知，这里是一个定语从句，先行词是 the man，故排除 A；定语从句中缺少主语，故应选 B。13. -_ people do housework _twenty years?-No, I dont think so.A. Do; in B. Are; after C. Will; for D. Will; in【答案】D【解析】【详解】句意：-二十年后人们还会做家务吗？- 不，我认为不会。Do 是助动词，用于一般现在时态； Are 是 be 动词的形式，在这里不合适，句中 do 是实意动词；will 一般将来时态； in 与一般将来时态搭配，后面跟一段时间，表示“在之后” ；after 与一般将来时态搭配，后面跟时间点，表示“在之后” ；for后常跟一段时间，常与现在完成时态搭配使用。根据句意可知，这里问的是“二十年之后” ，应用一般将来时态，介词用 in。故选 D。14. My mother _ dinner when I got home yesterday.A. has cooked B. was cooking C. will cook D. cooks【答案】B【解析】试题分析：句意：昨天我到家时，妈妈在做饭。A. has cooked 现在完成时形式；B. was cooking 过去进行时形式；C. will cook 一般将来时形式；D. cooks 一般现在时态。本句表示我到家时，妈妈正在做饭，表示一个过去动作发生时，另一个过去动作正在发生。把正在发生的过去动作用成过去进行时态。故选 B。考点：考查动词的时态辨析。视频 15. -Excuse me, can I ask you some questions?-_.A. Sure, go ahead B. Congratulations!C. Thats right D. It doesnt matter【答案】A【解析】【详解】句意：-打扰一下，我能问你一些问题吗？-当然可以，问吧。Sure, go ahead.当然可以了，问吧；Congratulations.祝贺你；That s right.那是对的；It doesnt matter.没关系。根据句意可知，这里是回答对方的请求，这里是允许对方提问，故应选 A。五、完形填空阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，然后从 A、B、C、D 四个选项中选择一个最佳选项。Bike-sharing is a new choice for short journeys in cities. It is good to the _16_development of the big cities.A _17_ by a company found that shared bikes started the nations_18_for bikes again. Now more and more Chinese people are _19_bikes instead of cars to make short journeys in cities.An engineer of that company says that since the start of shared bikes, people_20_fewer trips by car. The love for shared bikes is not only among _21_ people, who were born in the 1980 s and 1990s, but also among people over sixty.At weekends, the number of the riders in Shenzhen reaches the _22_of all cities. On weekdays, the number of people who use shared bikes to travel to work is_23_in Shanghai.It is said that bike-sharing will help_24_the cities environment. It not only helps solve the traffic problems, but also will help to make more use of_25_in cities. Take Beijing as an example if more people choose shared bikes, an area of five Birds Nest stadiums will be saved.16. A. harmful B. sudden C. slow D. healthy17. A. report B. suggestion C. rule D. plan18. A. preparation B. love C. search D. worry19. A. repairing B. locking C. choosing D. pushing20. A. will made B. have made C. are making D. are made21. A. strong B. young C. old D. weak22. A. corner B. line C. top D. side23. A. going up B. giving away C. coming over D. putting off24. A. experience B. improve C. discover D. separate25. A. space B. money C. air D. time【答案】16. D 17. A 18. B 19. C 20. B 21. B 22. C 23. A 24. B 25. A【解析】【分析】最近共享单车已经进入了很多城市，受到了人们的欢迎，不只年轻人还有六十多岁的老人在短途旅行的时候，都选择共享单车，这对城市的健康发展是非常有利的。【16 题详解】句意：它对大城市的健康发展是有好处的。harmful有害的；sudden 突然的；slow 慢的；healthy 健康的。根据下文 It not only helps solve the traffic problems, but also will help to make more use of_10_in cities.可知，共享单车对城市的发展是有好处的，所以这里应该是健康发展，故选 D。【17 题详解】句意：某公司的一项报告显示共享单车又燃起了人们对自行车的喜爱。report 报告；suggestion 建议；rule规则；plan 计划。根据句意 found that可知，这里应该是调查报告显示的结果，故应选 A。【18 题详解】句意：某公司的一项报告显示共享单车又燃起了人们对自行车的喜爱。preparation 准备；love 热爱；search 搜索，搜寻；worry 担心。根据下文 The love for shared bikes is not only可知，人们自行车非常的喜爱，故应选 B。【19 题详解】句意：现在越来越多的中国人在城市里进行短途旅行的时候，都选择自行车而不是汽车。repairing 修理；locking 锁；choosing 选择；pushing 推。根据句中instead of cars 可知，这里说的是人们选择共享单车作为出行的方式，而不选择汽车，故应选 C。【20 题详解】句意：那个公司的一个工程师说自从开始共享单车，人们就很少乘汽车出行了。will made 形式错误，will后用动词原形；have made 现在完成时；are making 现在进行时；are made 一般现在时的被动语态。make a trip 去旅行，是固定短语，句中 since 的意思是“自从” ，常和现在完成时态搭配使用，故应选B。【21 题详解】句意：对共享单车的喜爱不仅在出生于上世纪 80 年代和 90 年代的年轻人中间，还有一些超过六十岁的老人。strong 强壮的；young 年轻的；old 老的；weak 弱的。根据空后 who were born in the 1980s and 1990s 可知，这里说的是出生在八、九十年代的年轻人，故应选 B。【22 题详解】句意：在周末，深圳的骑自行车的人数达到了所有城市之首。corner 角落；line 路线；top 顶，顶端；side 边，侧面。根据句中 the number of riders可知，这里说的是周末深圳骑自行车的人数，因此应该是“达到顶端” ，也就是所有城市中最多的。故应选C。【23 题详解】句意：在工作日，上海使用共享单车上班的人数增长了。going up 上升；giving away 捐赠，泄密； coming over 顺便来访； putting off 推迟。根据上文 Now more and more Chinese people are _4_bikes instead of cars to make short journeys in cities.可知，选择共享单车出行的人数越来越多了，所以这里应该是人数上升了，故选 A。【24 题详解】句意：据说共享单车有助于改善城市的环境。experience 经历，体验；improve 提高，改善；discover 发现；separate 分离，分开。根据下句话 It not only helps solve the traffic problems, but also will help to make more use of_10_in cities 可知，共享单车不仅帮助解决交通问题，还有助于充分利用城市的空间，这都是对城市有利的，故应选 B。【25 题详解】句意：它不仅帮助解决了交通问题，还有助于充分利用城市的空间。space 空间；money 钱；air 空气；time 时间。根据下句话 Take Beijing as an example if more people choose shared bikes, an area of five Birds Nest stadiums will be saved.可知，这里拿北京做了一个例子，如果更多的人选择共享单车，就可以省下五个鸟巢那么大的地方，所以这里说的是节省城市空间，故选 A。【点睛】这篇短文给我们介绍了共享单车对城市发展的好处。短文主题贴近学生们的日常生活，学生们对此比较熟悉和了解。文章句子结构也比较简单，容易理解。题型是完型填空，考查学生们在具体语境中运用语言的能力，综合性较强。做题时，应先通读短文，了解大意；然后逐空做题，先易后难，注意空前后的固定搭配和上下文的语境提示；最后应再读一遍短文，检查答案。例如第 1 小题，根据文意以及下文中 It not only helps solve the traffic problems, but also will help to make more use of_10_in cities.可知，共享单车有助于解决城市的交通问题，充分利用城市空间，因此对城市的发展是有好处的，所以应该是健康发展，故选 D。再如第 8 小题，根据上文 Now more and more Chinese people are _4_bikes instead of cars to make short journeys in cities.可知，选择共享单车出行的人数越来越多了，所以这里应该是人数上升了，故选 A。六、阅读理解AName Personal informationNormanBethune Born in 1890 in CanadaDied in 1939 in China A doctorCame to China in 1938CelineDion Born in Montreal, CanadaA singing star In 1997, sang My Heart Will Go on for the film TitanicTuYouyou Born in 1930 in the USAA Chinese medical scientist Won the 2015 Nobel Prize in Physiology or MedicineBill Gates Born in 1955 in the USAOwns Microsoft Company Wrote Business the Speed of ThoughtHemingway Born in 1899 in the USADied in 1961 A writerWrote The Old Man and the Sea根据表格内容选择最佳选项。26. _ is from Canada.A. Celine Dion B. Bill Gates C. Hemingway D. Tu Youyou27. The _ was born in 1899.A. scientist B. writer C. singer D. doctor28. My Heart Will Go on is the name of a _.A. story B. book C. song D. film29. Dr. Bethune worked in China for about _ years.A. 5 B. 4 C. 3 D. 230. Which of the following is TRUE?_A. Bill Gates was born in 1955B. Celine Dion is a scientistC. Hemingway wrote Business the Speed o ThoughtD. Norman Bethune died at the age of fifty-nine【答案】26. A 27. B 28. C 29. D 30. A【解析】【分析】这篇短文给我们介绍了一些名人的信息，如白求恩、席琳迪翁、屠呦呦、比尔盖茨和海明威，信息包括他们的出生年代、国籍、职业、成就等。【26 题详解】细节理解题。题目问到的是谁来自加拿大，我们从表格的第二栏中寻找 Canada 这个单词，发现前两个人Norman Bethune 和 Celine Dion 是来自加拿大的，结合选项可知应选 A。【27 题详解】细节理解题。我们根据题目所问的 born in 1899 在表格中找到出生在 1899 年的人是 Hemingway，再根据后面的信息可知，他是一个作家。故应选 B。【28 题详解】细节理解题。根据题目中的 My Heart Will Go on 我们可以在第二个人 Celine Dion 的信息中找到，根据 In 1997, sang My Heart Will Go on for the film Titanic 这句话中的 sang 唱歌可知，这是一首歌的名字，故应选C。【29 题详解】细节理解题。根据题目中的人名 Norman Bethune 我们定位到表格中的第一个人，根据里面的信息 Came to China in 1938 以及 Died in 1939 in China 可知，白求恩在中国工作了大约两年，故应选 D。【30 题详解】推理判断题。根据 Bill Gates 的信息 Born in 1955 in the USA 可知，比尔盖茨出生在 1955 年，这个信息是正确的，故选 A。根据 Celine Dion 的信息中 a singing star 可知，席琳迪翁是一个歌星，不是科学家，故 B不对；根据 Hemingway 的信息中可知，他写的是 The Old Man and the Sea，故 C 不对；根据 Norman Bethune 的信息可知，他出生在 1890 年，于 1939 年去世，去世时应该是 49 岁，故 D 不对。【点睛】这篇短文给我们介绍了几个名人的信息，文章是利用表格的形式，信息一目了然，比较有条理，文章的大意非常清楚、明了。后面的题目设置是细节理解和推理判断，前四个小题都是细节题，考查学生们快速寻找信息的能力，做题时，我们可以根据题目所问，定位到原文相关地方，根据相关信息作答。例如第 2 小题，我们可以根据题干中 born in 1899 这个年代作为关键词，在表格中查找出生在 1899 年的人，然后再查找他的信息，就可以知道答案。第 5 小题是一个判断题，其实也是考查对细节内容的理解，做题时，应注意每个选项的意思，把每个选项的内容都在原文查找一下，根据原文的信息用排除法作答。BNowadays, with the development of the Internet, emoji(表情符号)are more and more popular among netizens(网民). Some people even feel difficult to talk online without using emoji. Emoji help netizens to communicate with each other easily and vividly(生动地). Yet, not all emoji are properly used on social media. So we are going to introduce some common but confusing(令人困惑的)emoji to help you have a better understanding of these small signs.1. A recent survey shows, over 53% people use the emoji when they are chatting online. Some people think it means “Im shy,” but others only use it when they are surprised or shocked. But what does it really mean? It is still an unsolved question.2. What do you think of this sign? Believe it or not, 80% of netizens use it under the meaning of “It is not funny at all, but I have to smile.” Is it right? Of course not! It actually means that “I saw what you did(usually bad things) and I want to give you a sinister(奸诈的)smile.”3. People have very different opinions on this emoji. The Apple company has told that this emoji means “high five(嗨，击掌).” But most people still use the incorrect meaning“pray”. Some netizens even thought, “If you see this emoji as two people give each other a high five, you must be a bad guy.”4. According to the official guidelines(官方指南), it is used as “smile through tears(破涕为笑). ” However, most young netizens consider this emoji as “Laugh to tears” or simply “LOL”, which means “Laugh out loud”.You see, emoji are also a kind of language. And different people have different understanding of them.31. After reading the passage, we still cant understand the emoji _ well.A. B. C. D. 32. You are playing with your mobile phone while you are doing your homework, your brother sends you this sign , what does he mean?/A. Send this emoji back to your fatherB. Stop doing your homeworkC. Put away your mobile phone and do your homeworkD. Go on playing with your mobile phone33. When your friend tells you online that he won the first prize in the writing competition, which emoji will you send him?A. B. C. D. 34. The fourth sign means “_”.A. laugh out loud B. cry out loud C. laugh to tears D. smile through tears35. Why does the writer introduce these four emoji?A. To help netizens use them properly B. To help netizens use them easilyC. Because they are more important D. Because they are not so common【答案】31. C 32. C 33. A 34. D 35. A【解析】【分析】现在越来越多的人在网上交流的时候，都会使用一些表情符号，这使聊天变得有趣、生动。但有一些表情符号的使用并不适当，这篇短文中就给我们介绍了几个很常见，但却令人比较困惑的表情符号。【31 题详解】细节理解题。根据短文第二段中 It is still an unsolved question.可知，这里提到的这个表情符号，有的人认为它表示害羞，有的人认为它表示的是吃惊，这是一个未解决的问题。因此这里提到的表情符号还没有很好的理解它的意思，故应选 C。【32 题详解】推理判断题。根据短文第三段中 It actually means that “I saw what you did(usually bad things) and I want to give you a sinister(奸诈的)smile.”可知，这里提到的表情符号的意思是：我已经看到你做的坏事了，给你一个奸诈的微笑。结合题意可知，你在做作业的时候玩手机已经被发现了，所以对方是警告你，把手机放起来，赶紧写作业，故应选 C。【33 题详解】细节理解题。根据题意可知，你的朋友在写作比赛中得了一等奖，那么你应该给他发哪个表情符号。根据短文第四段中 The Apple company has told that this emoji means “high five(嗨，击掌).”可知，这个表情符号的实际意思是：嗨，击掌，是向对方表示祝贺，故应选 A。【34 题详解】细节理解题。根据短文第五段中 According to the official guidelines(官方指南), it is used as “smile through tears 可知，这里介绍的这个表情符号的意思是：破涕为笑，故应选 D。A 和 C 选项是对这个表情符号的错误理解，B 选项不符合文意。【35 题详解】主旨大意题。根据短文第一段的最后 Yet, not all emoji are properly used on social media. So we are going to introduce some common but confusing(令人困惑的)emoji to help you have a better understanding of these small signs.可知，在短文中作者介绍了一些使用不恰当的表情符号，帮助我们更好的理解这些符号的意思。故应选 A。【点睛】这篇短文给我们介绍了一些在网上聊天时使用不准确的表情符号，帮助我们更好的理解他们的意思，短文中共介绍了四个表情符号，从第二段开始，一段一个，因此这篇短文的结构非常的清晰，是总分总的结构，文章的主题一般会出现在首段的首句或尾句，仔细阅读我们可以发现，第一段的最后一句话就是文章的中心句。了解文章的大意和层次，对于我们做题是非常有用的。如做细节题的时候，我们就可以根据题目中的关键词，如表情符号的图片，定位到原文相关地方，搜索信息作答。例如第 2 小题，题目中是给了我们一个情景，你在做作业的时候玩手机，你的哥哥给你发了一个题目中出现的这个表情符号，问我们这代表什么意思。做题时，我们就应该在原文找到这个表情符号，弄清楚它的意思，根据第三段中 It actually means that “I saw what you did(usually bad things) and I want to give you a sinister(奸诈的)smile.”可知，这个表情符号的意思是：我已经看到你做的坏事了，给你一个奸诈的微笑。所以这里它代表的意思是：我已经知道你玩手机了，赶快把手机放好，好好写作业。所以 C 选项是符号文意的。CA lot of people drink bottled water in the world. A water bottle offers great convenience. It can be bought almost anywhere, carried around for a while, and then thrown away.The influence of bottled water on the environment, however, is very big. About 2.7 million tons of plastic is turned into bottles which are only used once each year. This requires a lot of oil and water. It also produces greenhouse gases. Bottled water is often carried for long distances to reach people who buy it. This