51 系列单片机的功能和结构外文文献翻译、中英文翻译

1、外文翻译中英文对照外文原文Structure and function of the MCS-51 seriesStructure and function of the MCS-51 series one-chip computer MCS-51 is a name of a piece of one-chip computer series which Intel Company produces. This company introduced 8 top-grade one-chip computers of MCS-51 series in 1980 after introducin

2、g 8 one-chip computers of MCS-48 series in 1976. It belong to a lot of kinds this line of one-chip computer the chips have,such as 8051, 8031, 8751, 80C51BH, 80C31BH,etc., their basic composition, basic performance and instruction system are all the same. 8051 daily representatives- 51 serial one-ch

3、ip computers .An one-chip computer system is made up of several following parts: (1) One microprocessor of 8 (CPU). (2) At slice data memory RAM (128B/256B),it use not depositting not can reading /data that write, such as result not middle of operation, final result and data wanted to show, etc. (3)

4、 Procedure memory ROM/EPROM (4KB/8KB ), is used to preserve the procedure , some initial data and form in slice. But does not take ROM/EPROM within some one-chip computers, such as 8031 , 8032, 80C ,etc. (4) Four 8 run side by side I/O interface P0 four P3, each mouth can use as introduction , may u

5、se as exporting too. (5) Two timer / counter, each timer / counter may set up and count in the way, used to count to the external incident, can set up into a timing way too, and can according to count or result of timing realize the control of the computer. (6) Five cut off cutting off the control s

6、ystem of the source . (7) One all duplexing serial I/O mouth of UART (universal asynchronous receiver/transmitter (UART) ), is it realize one-chip computer or one-chip computer and serial communication of computer to use for. (8) Stretch oscillator and clock produce circuit, quartz crystal finely tu

7、ne electric capacity need outer. Allow oscillation frequency as 12 megahertas now at most. Every the above-mentioned part was joined through the inside data bus .Among them, CPU is a core of the one-chip computer, it is the control of the computer and command centre, made up of such parts as arithme

8、tic unit and controller , etc. The arithmetic unit can carry on 8 persons of arithmetic operation and unit ALU of logic operation while including one, the 1 storing device temporarilies of 8, storing device 2 temporarily, 8s accumulation device ACC, register B and procedure state register PSW, etc.

9、Person who accumulate ACC count by 2 input ends entered of checking etc. temporarily as one operation often, come from person who store 1 operation is it is it make operation to go on to count temporarily , operation result and loopback ACC with another one. In addition, ACC is often regarded as the

10、 transfer station of data transmission on 8051 inside . The same as general microprocessor, it is the busiest register. Help remembering that agreeing with A expresses in the order. The controller includes the procedure counter , the order is depositted, the order decipher, the oscillator and timing

11、 circuit, etc. The procedure counter is made up of counter of 8 for two, amounts to 16. It is a byte address counter of the procedure in fact, the content is the next IA that will carried out in PC. The content which changes it can change the direction that the procedure carries out . Shake the circ

12、uit in 8051 one-chip computers, only need outer quartz crystal and frequency to finely tune the electric capacity, its frequency range is its 12MHZ of 1.2MHZ. This pulse signal, as 8051 basic beats of working, namely the minimum unit of time. 8051 is the same as other computers, the work in harmony

13、under the control of the basic beat, just like an orchestra according to the beat play that is commanded.There are ROM (procedure memory , can only read ) and RAM in 8051 slices (data memory, can is it can write ) two to read, they have each independent memory address space, dispose way to be the sa

14、me with general memory of computer. Procedure 8051 memory and 8751 slice procedure memory capacity 4KB, address begin from 0000H, used for preserving the procedure and form constant. Data 8051- 8751 8031 of memory data memory 128B, address false 00FH, use for middle result to deposit operation, the

15、data are stored temporarily and the data are buffered etc. In RAM of this 128B, there is unit of 32 byteses that can be appointed as the job register, this and general microprocessor is different, 8051 slice RAM and job register rank one formation the same to arrange the location. It is not very the

16、 same that the memory of MCS-51 series one-chip computer and general computer disposes the way in addition. General computer for first address space, ROM and RAM can arrange in different space within the range of this address at will, namely the addresses of ROM and RAM, with distributing different

17、address space in a formation. While visiting the memory, corresponding and only an address Memory unit, can ROM, it can be RAM too, and by visiting the order similarly. This kind of memory structure is called the structure of Princeton. 8051 memories are divided into procedure memory space and data

18、memory space on the physics structure, there are four memory spaces in all: The procedure stores in one and data memory space outside data memory and one in procedure memory space and one outside one, the structure forms of this kind of procedure device and data memory separated form data memory, ca

19、lled Harvard structure. But use the angle from users, 8051 memory address space is divided into three kinds: (1) In the slice, arrange blocks of FFFFH , 0000H of location , in unison outside the slice (use 16 addresses). (2) The data memory address space outside one of 64KB, the address is arranged

20、from 0000H 64KB FFFFH (with 16 addresses ) too to the location. (3) Data memory address space of 256B (use 8 addresses). Three above-mentioned memory space addresses overlap, for distinguishing and designing the order symbol of different data transmission in the instruction system of 8051: CPU visit

21、 slice, ROM order spend MOVC , visit block RAM order uses MOVX outside the slice, RAM order uses MOV to visit in slice.8051 one-chip computer have four 8 walk abreast I/O port, call P0, P1, P2 and P3. Each port is 8 accurate two-way mouths, accounts for 32 pins altogether. Every one I/O line can be

22、used as introduction and exported independently. Each port includes a latch (namely special function register ), one exports the driver and a introduction buffer . Make data can latch when outputting, data can buffer when making introduction , but four function of passway these self-same. Expand amo

23、ng the system of memory outside having slice, four port these may serve as accurate two-way mouth of I/O in common use. Expand among the system of memory outside having slice, P2 mouth see high 8 address off; P0 mouth is a two-way bus, send the introduction of 8 low addresses and data / export in ti

24、mesharingOutput grade , P3 of mouth , P1 of P1 , connect with inside have load resistance of drawing , every one of they can drive 4 Model LS TTL load to output. As while inputting the mouth, any TTL or NMOS circuit can drive P1 of 8051 one-chip computers as P3 mouth in a normal way . Because draw r

25、esistance on output grade of them have, can open a way collector too or drain-source resistance is it urge to open a way, do not need to have the resistance of drawing outerly . Mouths are all accurate two-way mouths too. When the conduct is input, must write the corresponding port latch with 1 firs

26、t . As to 80C51 one-chip computer, port can only offer milliampere of output electric currents, is it output mouth go when urging one ordinary basing of transistor to regard as, should contact a resistance among the port and transistor base , in order to the electricity while restraining the high le

27、vel from exporting P1P3 Being restored to the throne is the operation of initializing of an one-chip computer. Its main function is to turn PC into 0000H initially , make the one-chip computer begin to hold the conduct procedure from unit 0000H. Except that the ones that enter the system are initial

28、ized normally,as because procedure operate it make mistakes or operate there arent mistake, in order to extricate oneself from a predicament , need to be pressed and restored to the throne the key restarting too. It is an input end which is restored to the throne the signal in 8051 China RST pin. Re

29、store to the throne signal high level effective , should sustain 24 shake cycle (namely 2 machine cycles ) the above its effective times. If 6 of frequency of utilization brilliant to shake, restore to the throne signal duration should exceed 4 delicate to finish restoring to the throne and operatin

30、g. Produce the logic picture of circuit which is restored to the throne the signal:Restore to the throne the circuit and include two parts outside in the chip entirely. Outside that circuit produce to restore to the throne signal (RST ) hand over to Schmitts trigger, restore to the throne circuit sa

31、mple to output , Schmitt of trigger constantly in each S5P2 , machine of cycle in having one more , then just got and restored to the throne and operated the necessary signal insidly. Restore to the throne resistance of circuit generally, electric capacity parameter suitable for 6 brilliant to shake

32、, can is it restore to the throne signal high level duration greater than 2 machine cycles to guarantee. Being restored to the throne in the circuit is simple, its function is very important. Pieces of one-chip computer system could normal running,should first check it can restore to the throne not

33、succeeding. Checking and can pop ones head and monitor the pin with the oscillograph tentatively, push and is restored to the throne the key, the wave form that observes and has enough range is exported (instantaneous), can also through is it restore to the throne circuit group holding value carry o

34、n the experiment to change.At present,MCU to infiltrate all areas of our lives, which is almost difficult to find traces of the field without SCM. Missile navigation equipment, aircraft, all types of instrument control, computer network communications and data transmission, industrial automation, re

35、al-time process control and data processing, extensive use of various smart IC card, civilian luxury car security system, video recorder, camera, fully automatic washing machine control, and program-controlled toys, electronic pet, etc., which are inseparable from the microcontroller. Not to mention

36、 the area of robot control, intelligent instruments, medical equipment was. Therefore, the MCU learning, development and application of the large number of computer applications and intelligent control of the scientists, engineers.SCM is widely used in instruments and meters, household appliances, m

37、edical equipment, aerospace, specialized equipment, intelligent management and process control fields, roughly divided into the following several areas:（1） In the application of Intelligent InstrumentsSCM has a small size, low power consumption, controlling function, expansion flexibility, the advan

38、tages of miniaturization and ease of use, widely used instrument, combining different types of sensors can be realized Zhuru voltage, power, frequency, humidity, temperature, flow, speed, thickness, angle, length, hardness, elemental, physical pressure measurement. SCM makes use of digital instrumen

39、ts, intelligence, miniaturization, and functionality than electronic or digital circuits more powerful. Such as precision measuring equipment (power meter, oscilloscope, various analytical instrument).（2） In the industrial control applicationWith the MCU can constitute a variety of control systems,

40、data acquisition system. Such as factory assembly line of intelligent control,all kinds of alarm systems,and computer networks constitute a secondary control system.（3） In the Appliance of Household appliancesIt can be said that the appliances are basically using SCM, praise from the electric rice,

41、washing machines, refrigerators, air conditioners, color TV, and other audio video equipment, to the electronic weighing equipment, varied, and omnipresent.（4） In the field of computer networks and communications applicationsMCU general with modern communication interface, can be easy with the compu

42、ter data communication, networking and communications in computer applications between devices had excellent material conditions, are basically all communication equipment to achieve a controlled by MCU from mobile phone, telephone, mini-program-controlled switchboards, building automated communicat

43、ions call system, train radio communication, to the daily work can be seen everywhere in the mobile phones, trunked mobile radio, walkie-talkies, etc.（5） Microcomputer in the field of medical device applicationsMCU in the use of medical devices is also quite extensive, such as medical respirator, th

44、e various analyzers, monitors, ultrasound diagnostic equipment and hospital beds, etc. call system.（6） In a variety of major appliances in the modular applicationsDesigned to achieve some special single specific function to be modular in a variety of circuit applications, without requiring the use o

45、f personnel to understand its internal structure. If music integrated single chip, seemingly simple function, miniature electronic chip in the net (the principle is different from the tape machine), you need a computer similar to the principle of the complex. Such as: music signal to digital form st

46、ored in memory (like ROM), read by the microcontroller, analog music into electrical signals (similar to the sound card).In large circuits, modular applications that greatly reduce the volume, simplifies the circuit and reduce the damage, error rate, but also easy to replace.（7） Microcontroller in t

47、he application field of automotive equipmentSCM in automotive electronics is widely used, such as a vehicle engine controller, CAN bus-based Intelligent Electronic Control Engine, GPS navigation system, abs anti-lock braking system, brake system, etc.In addition, the MCU in business, finance, resear

48、ch, education, national defense, aerospace and other fields has a very wide range of applications.中文翻译51 系列单片机的功能和结构一个单片机的系统是由以下几部分组成：（1）一个 8 位CPU 微处理器。（2）静态随机存取存储器，能够储存程序运行过程中产生的数据。（3）程序存储器 ROM / EPRO中（4KB/8KB），用来保存程序和一些初始数据。但是在一些单片机中不使用 ROM / EPROM 中，如 8031，8032，80c 系列等。（4）4 个 8 排的 I / O 并行接口P0 P3

49、，每个口可以用作输入，也可以用作输出。（5）2 个定时器/计数器，每个定时器/计数器可设置计数用来计数外部事件，可以设置成常用的定时方式，并可以根据计算或结果控制单片机的运行。（6）五个中断源控制系统。（7）1 个双向串行 I / O 口的 UART（通用异步接收器/发送器UART），用于实现单片机的串行通信。（8）振荡器和时钟产生电路，需要外部电源的石英晶体微调电路，允许接在 12v 的振荡频率上。上述部分通过内部数据总线连接。其中，CPU 是单片机的核心，它是单片机的控制和指挥中心，ALU 算数逻辑运算单元可进行算术运算和逻辑运算，由 1 个 8 暂时存储器，和 2 个 8 位的累加器组成

50、。Acc 累加器是 ALU 运算结果的存放单元，一般数据通过它来传送。此外，Acc 往往被视为对 8051 内的数据传输中转站。和通常的微处理器一样，它是最繁忙的寄存器。有记忆功能并执行命令。该控制器包括程序计数器，可读写的存储器，振荡器和定时电路等。该程序计数器是有两对 8 或 16 位计数器，它是一个字节地址计数器， 在个人电脑运行程序时，执行下一个单元的内容，程序执行时可以改变它的内容从而改变运行的结果。在 8051 芯片震荡电路中，需要外接石英晶体和微调电容，其频率范围为 1.2MHz12MHz。该脉冲信号，即为 8051 的工作周期，是最小的时间单位。8051 和其他单片机一样，都有

51、相同的控制和功能，就像乐队也有打击乐器一样。在 8051 中有 ROM（程序存储器，只能读取），和 RAM（数据存储器，可以读和写），他们有各自独立的内存地址空间，也有相同的处理方式。8051 和 8751 的程序存储器的存储容量为 4KB，地址从 0000H 开始，在使用过程中其中的数据不变。8051、8751、8031 数据存储器的内存为 128B， 默认地址是 00FH，用于保存中间数据和缓存。在这 128B 的内存中，有 32 byteses，被称作工作寄存器，和常用的微处理器不同的是，8051 的 RAM 是按功能来划分模块的。MCS - 51 系列单片机和一般电脑的处理方式不同。一

52、般电脑会自动分配地址空间，ROM 和 RAM 的计算机可以安排在不同的空间内，地址范围会根据ROM 和RAM 的位置分配不同地址空间。在访问的内存，不管是ROM 和RAM，只有一个地址对应一个内存单元，都要按这个顺序访问。这种内存结构是所谓的普林斯顿结构。 8051 的存储器按物理结构划分可分为程序存储器空间和数据存储空间，共有四个内存空间， 按结构位置的不同分为内部程序存储空间、外部程序存储空间、内部数据存储空间和外部数据存储空间。但从用户的使用角度看，8051 存储器地址空间被分成三类：（1）片内，安排 FFFFH 的块，片外的（使用 16 个地址）串口 0000H 地址。（2）外部数据存

53、储器地址空间为 64KB，地址是从 0000H 到 FFFFH（含 16 个地址）的位置排列也。（3）256B 的数据存储器（使用 8 个地址）的地址空间。上述三个重叠的内存空间地址，用 8051 指令系统的传输不同的数据和使用的功能区分。CPU 的访问内存时，访问 ROM 使用 MOVC 语句，访问 RAM 块顺序使用片外操作的MOVX 语句，访问内存片段使用 MOV 语句。8051 单片机有 4 个 8 位并行的 I / O 端口，分别为P0，P1，P2 和P3。每个端口是 8 位精确的双向口，共占了 32 针。每一个 I / O 线可作为独立的入口和出口。每个端口包括一个锁存器（即特殊功能寄存器），一个出口驱动器和引进缓冲器。使数据能够锁存输出，数据可以及时缓冲，其余四个具有相同的功能。接外部存储扩大它们的内存时，这四个口就可作为双向口常用的 I / O 口，这是，P2 口看到高 8 位地址，P0 口是一个公共两用口，传送输出低 8 的地址和数据。P3 口的输出级别小于P1，可以在里面绘制负载电阻，每一个都能驱动 4 个 LS 型TTL 负载输出。作为输入口时，所有 TTL 或 NMOS 电路都可以驱动一个正常的方式 8051 - P3 口作为单片机的 P1口。可以利用改变电阻