人教版高二英语选修七Unit3 Grammar.ppt

1、,Revise the Passive Voice (2),The use of -ving,Learning aims,1.Revise the passive voice of v-ing. 2.Master the forms and the functions. 3.Be able to use freely in the exercises.,Can you find the following sentence in the reading passage？ 1 I had already heard that George didnt like being kept waitin

2、g. 2 I could see a whale being attacked by a pack of about six other killers. 3 Being badly wounded, the whale soon died. 4 I could see he was terrified of being abandoned by us.,V-ing形式的被动式,Tom broke the window. （主动语态） The window was broken by Tom. （被动语态） ,一：英语的谓语动词有两种语态,主动语态,被动语态,主动语态表示句子的主语为动作的发出

3、者， 被动语态表示句子的主语为动作的承受者。,Revision,二、什么时候用被动语态, 强调动作的承受者 不知道动作的发出者 没有必要说出动作的发出者 He was punished by his father. He was told to have a short rest. This kind of change is called chemical change.,(not) doing,(not) being done,(not)having done,(not)having been done,一、动词ing被动形式的构成,-V-ing 一般时和一般时的被动形式; He hurr

4、ied home,looking behind from time to time . 2)The building being repaired is our dormitory . - V-ing 的完成时和完成时的被动形式.,1) Having lit a candle , she went out. 2) Having been asked to stay , I couldnt leave . 3) Having heard this , our teacher expressed her satisfaction .,1一般式表示被动的动作正在进行或与谓语动作同时发生。 2.完成式

5、表示被动的动作发生在谓语动作之前。,Summary 意义,二、V-ing的句法功能,1.V-ing形式作主语,此时V-ing形式多表示一般或抽象 的重复多次的行为。如: Laying eggs is the ant queens full-time job. 产卵是蚁后的专职工作。 Playing with fire is dangerous. 例1: _ is a good form of exercise for both young and old. A. The walk B. Walking C. For a walk D. Walk,解析,动名词作主语通常表示习惯性,泛指经常性的

6、不具体的动作;而不定式作主语则表示一次性 的、具体的动作。题中的a good form又暗示 考生,这个动作是泛指的、经常性的。,玩火很危险。,_ the exam will disappoint your parents. A. You failing B. Your failing C. You fail D. You to fail. 2. _ the same mistake again made his parents very angry. A. His being made B. He has made C. He had making D. His making,Exercis

7、es,3. I dont think its much good _ to him. A. writing B. to write C. write D. written 4. Such books are not worthy _ at all. A. of being read B. being read C. reading D. to read 5.It is no use _ without through _. A. to read; understood B. reading; understanding C. to read; understand D. read; to un

8、derstand,动名词复合结构是由形容词性物主代词或名词所有格+ v-ing 构成,即动名词的逻辑主语用形容词性物主代词或名词所有格表示：,His coming late made the teacher angry.,动名词复合结构在句中作主语,宾语和表格, 作主语和表语从句.,l can hardly imagine peters/peter Sailing across the Atlantic ocean in five days.,_ the exam will disappoint your parents. A. You failing B. Your failing C. Y

9、ou fail D. You to fail. 2. _ the same mistake again made his parents very angry. A. His being made B. He has made C. He had making D. His making,Exercises,2.作表语(往往表示一种概念，习惯或经验，或说明主语的内容.) Teaching is learning. 教学相长 My hobby is _ (make) model planes. What worried the child most was _ (not, allow) to v

10、isit his mother in the hospital.,making,not being allowed,3.作宾语 V-ing 形式既可作动词的宾语, 也可作介词的宾语。 We would appreciate hearing from you 我们会珍惜你的来信。 The bird escaped _ (catch) . I feel like _ (join) the army. He was afraid of _ (abandon) by us.,being caught,joining,being abandoned,注意： 在 avoid, admit, appreci

11、ate, consider, delay, enjoy, escape, excuse, finish, forgive, imagine, mind, miss, practise, risk, suggest, give up, put off, feel like, insist on , instead of, look forward to, object to, keep on等后只接V-ing形式作宾语。,Exercises,1.The thief entered the room without _. A. noticing B. being noticed C. having

12、 noticed D. having been noticed 2. Besides _, she is kind and tender.A. beautiful B. being beautiful C. she beautiful D. is beautiful,3. When he heard the big noise, Tom stopped _ and _ to the window to see what was happening. A. to read; went B. reading; to go C. reading; going D. reading; went 4.I

13、 am busy _ for the entrance examination, so I cant help _ housework at home. A. preparing; doing B. preparing; to do C. to prepare; doing D. to prepare; to do,注意 在want，need，require，deserve等动词之后作宾语时，常用动名词的主动式表示被动意义。 This city deserves visiting. 这座城市值得光顾一下。 The problem requires studying carefully. 这个问

14、题需要认真研究。 The trees want watering. 这些树需要浇水了。,在（be）worth后面只能用动名词的主动态来表示被动意义。 His suggestion is worth considering. The book is worth reading.,在allow，advise，forbid，permit等动词后直接跟动名词形式作宾语，如果后面有名词或代词作宾语，其后用动词不定式作宾语补足语。如： We dont allow smoking here. We dont allow students to smoke.,1.Sorry, we dont allow _

15、in the lecture room. A. to smoke B. smoke C. smoking D. to smoking 2. . They dont permit _ noise her. A. to make B. make C. making D. made 3. The sentence wants _ once more. A. to explain B. explaining C. being explained D. to be explained it 4. The squirrel was lucky that it just missed _. A. catch

16、ing B. to be caught C. being caught D. to catch,Exercises,4. 作定语 The girl standing there is my sister. This is a piece of _ (surprise) news. The problem_ (discuss) now is very important. The farmers _ (work) in the fields are tired.,surprising,being discussed,working,5. 作状语 Hearing the good news , h

17、e jumped with joy . He sat at the table , _ ( read ) China Daily . _ (ask) to answer the question, she couldnt refuse. _ ( work ) hard , you will succeed .,reading,Working,Being asked,6. 作宾语补足语: I saw people coming and going in the street . I heard her _ (sing) a song in her room. Youll find the top

18、ic _ (discuss) everywhere now.,being discussed,singing,7. 在绝大数情况下，句子的逻辑主语是句子的主语，但有时前可有一个名词或代词表示逻辑上的主语，这种带逻辑主语的称为独立主格结构。 独立主格，首先它是一个“格”，而不是一个“句子”，在英语中任何一个句子都要有主谓结构，而在这个结构中，没有真正的主语和谓语动词，但又在逻辑上构成主谓或主表关系。 The meeting being over, we all left the room and drove home. 会议结束后，我们都离开房间开车走了。 It being a holiday, all the shops were shut. 由于今天是假日，所有商店都关门了。,独立主格结构是由“主格人称代词或通格+V-ing”构成.,Time permitting, well go outing.如果时间允许,我们就去效游.,独立格结构在句中作状语,表示伴随时间,条件,原因,让步,相当于状语从句或并列句.,He hearing the news, tears of joy came into his eyes.,As soon as he heard the news, tears of joy came into his eyes.,8. 有少数并不表示句子主语的动作