大学英语综合2Unit.ppt

1、bustle vi. (闹哄哄地)忙乱，奔忙，繁忙，匆忙；喧闹；活跃(常与about连用)： She bustled about cooking supper. 她忙于做晚饭。 interest interesting,attach vt. 使依附；贴上；系上；使依恋 attach sth. to sth. sth. be attanched to She attached labels to all her bags. 她把标签系(或贴)在所有袋子上。,n. attendant 服务员 room attendant train attendant v. attend 出席 attend a

2、concert n. attendance 出席 check attendance full attendance,tender adj. 温柔的；幼稚的； damn tender tender heart vi. 投标； open tender public tender,bang vt. 重击；发巨响 Dont bang the door! 别嘭嘭敲门! She banged the plates on the table. 她砰地把盘子摔在桌面上。,initial adj. 最初的；字首的 n. 词首大写字母 initial data 原始数据 ; initial cost 最初成本 t

3、he initial letter of a word,assist v. 帮助；助攻 assist sb. in doing Please assist her in moving the furniture. 请帮助她搬家具。 assistant 助理 assistant manager,insert v. 插入；嵌入： to insert a bookmark into a book 把书签插入书中,occasion n. 时机，机会；场合；理由 Try to dress appropriately for each occasion. 试图为每个场合适当地打扮。 on occasion

4、 = occasionally,D R _ word _ on occasion,on occasion: now and then,你有时使人们感到诧异。,You have on occasion surprised people.,CF:,D R _ word _ neglect 1,neglect: vt. give too little attention or care to,neglect ones meals and sleep,离开时别忘了锁门。,Dont neglect to lock the door when you leave.,这几个词都有忽略、遗漏之意。,negle

5、ct, ignore look after (animals),rear children,2. n. back part 后部；背面,The kitchen is in the rear of the house.,停车场在这建筑物的后边。,D R _ word _ make up for,make up for: repay with sth. good; compensate for,I didnt travel much when I was younger, but Im certainly making up for lost time now.,他们加速进行以补回失去的时间。,m

6、ake compensation for somebodys losses,I soon realized that this incident was directly relevant to our assigned tasks in China: to investigate the ways of early childhood education (especially in the arts), and to throw light on Chinese attitudes toward creativity. And so before long I began to intro

7、duce the key-slot anecdote into my discussions with Chinese educators. TWO DIFFERENT WAYS TO LEARN With a few exceptions my Chinese colleagues displayed the same attitude as the staff at the Jinling Hotel. Since adults know how to place the key in the key slot, which is the ultimate purpose of appro

8、aching the slot, and since the child is neither old enough nor clever enough to realize the desired action on his own, what possible gain is achieved by having him struggle?,D R _ Text 4,He may well get frustrated and angry certainly not a desirable outcome. Why not show him what to do? He will be h

9、appy, he will learn how to accomplish the task sooner, and then he can proceed to more complex activities, like opening the door or asking for the key both of which accomplishments can (and should) in due course be modeled for him as well. We listened to such explanations sympathetically and explain

10、ed that, first of all, we did not much care whether Benjamin succeeded in inserting the key into the slot. He was having a good time and was exploring, two activities that did matter to us. But the critical point was that, in the process, we were trying to teach Benjamin that one can solve a problem

11、 effectively by oneself.,D R _ Text 5,so long as adv. 只要 So long as you do your homework, you can watch TV. 只要你做了功课，就可以看书。 表只要时，可与as long as 互换,D R _ Text 6,Such self-reliance is a principal value of child rearing in middle-class America. So long as the child is shown exactly how to do something whe

12、ther it be placing a key in a key slot, drawing a hen or making up,for a misdeed he is less likely to figure out himself how to accomplish such a task. And, more generally, he is less likely to view life as Americans do as a series of situations in which one has to learn to think for oneself, to sol

13、ve problems on ones own and even to discover new problems for which creative solutions are wanted.,intent I intent to solve this problem. intent on He intents on reading books. intention good intention Jim has no intention to cheat her.,D R _ word _ facility,facility: n.,play the piano with facility

14、,有学习语言的天才,have great facility in learning languages,1. ability to do sth. easily and well,sports facilities,娱乐设施,entertainment facilities,2. (pl.) equipment, aids, etc. which make it easy to do things,There are facilities for cooking in the kitchen.,D R _ word _ apply 1,apply: vi.,1. be relevant; ha

15、ve an effect,apply to sb./sth.,What I have said does not apply to you.,教授的这条建议只适用于一些大学生。,The advice given by the professor only applies to some of the college students.,D R _ word _ apply 2,2. write a letter or fill in a form in order to ask formally for sth.,Pattern:,apply (to sb.) for sth. apply t

16、o do sth.,We applied to the authorities for assistance.,他决定申请参加学生会。,He decided to apply to join the Student Union.,TEACHING BY HOLDING HIS HAND In retrospect, it became clear to me that this incident was indeed key and key in more than one sense. It pointed to important differences in the educationa

17、l and artistic practices in our two countries. When our well-intentioned Chinese observers came to Benjamins rescue, they did not simply push his hand down clumsily or uncertainly, as I might have done. Instead, they guided him with extreme facility and gentleness in precisely the desired direction.

18、 I came to realize that these Chinese were not just molding and shaping Benjamins performance in any old manner: In the best Chinese tradition, they were ba zhe shou jiao “teaching by holding his hand” so much so that he would happily come back for more.,D R _ Text 7,sense n. 感觉，功能；观念；道理；理智 vt. 感觉到；

19、检测 make sense 讲道理，说得通 common sense 常识 sense of 的感觉,D R _ Text 8,The idea that learning should take place by continual careful shaping and molding applies equally to the arts. Watching children at work in a classroom setting, we were astonished by their facility. Children as young as 5 or 6 were,pain

20、ting flowers, fish and animals with the skill and confidence of an adult; calligraphers 9 and 10 years old were producing works that could have been displayed in a museum. In a visit to the homes of two of the young artists, we learned from their parents that they worked on perfecting their craft fo

21、r several hours a day.,D R _ word _ priority,priority: n. sth. that one must do before anything else,Study is not on his list of priorities.,道路建设应是予以优先考虑的事。,Road building is a first priority.,give priority to sth.优先考虑，给以.优先权 Give priority to your way of thinking.,departure n. 背离；出发 train departure 列

22、车出发 depart v. depart from 离开；开出；从出发 depart for 开往；去往；动身去 department 部门，科室 department store 百货大楼,inseparable 不可分离 separable 可分离的 separate v. separate sth. from sth. 把.与.相分离 separate administration from management 政企分开,D R _ word _ evolve 1,evolve: vi. develop gradually,evolve into 进化成，发展成，逐步形成 evolve

23、 from/out of 由演化而成；从发展而来,这一简单的计划逐步形成为一项复杂的规划。,The simple plan evolved into a complicated scheme.,Some people believe that we evolved from the apes.,historical evolvement 历史演化,D R _ word _ contrast 1,contrast:,1. v. compare (two people or things) so that differences are made clear,我忍不住把她的态度和她朋友的态度作了对

24、比。,I cannot help contrasting her attitude with that of her friends.,contrast A with/and B,harbor vt. 庇护；怀有 harbor such a deep concern. n. 海港；避难所 pearl harbor 珍珠港,comparable adj. 类似的，可比的 incomparable adj.无可比拟的 incomparable efficiency compare A with B compare A to B Life is compared to a stage. 人生被比作舞

25、台。,CREATIVITY FIRST? In terms of attitudes to creativity there seems to be a reversal of priorities: young Westerners making their boldest departures first and then gradually mastering the tradition; and young Chinese being almost inseparable from the tradition, but, over time, possibly evolving to

26、a point equally original. One way of summarizing the American position is to state that we value originality and independence more than the Chinese do. The contrast between our two cultures can also be seen in terms of the fears we both harbor. Chinese teachers are fearful that if skills are not acq

27、uired early, they may never be acquired; there is, on the other hand, no comparable hurry to promote creativity.,D R _ Text 9,American educators fear that unless creativity has been acquired early, it may never emerge; on the other hand, skills can be picked up later. However, I do not want to overs

28、tate my case. There is enormous creativity to be found in Chinese scientific, technological and artistic innovations past and present. And there is a danger of exaggerating creative breakthroughs in the West. When any innovation is examined closely, its reliance on previous achievements is all too a

29、pparent (the “Standing on the shoulders of giants” phenomenon).,D R _ Text 10,D R _ Text 11,But assuming that the contrast I have developed is valid, and that the fostering of skills and creativity are both worthwhile goals, the important question becomes this: Can we gather, from the Chinese and Am

30、erican extremes, a superior way to approach education, perhaps striking a better balance between the poles of creativity and basic skills?,apply assist relevant attach emerge await initial insert in due course throw light on,A R _ Useful Expressions 1,Useful Expressions,1. 被系在上,be attached to ,2. 探索

31、行为,exploratory behavior,3. 偶尔,on occasion,4. 父母的责任,parental duties,5. 揭示，阐明,throw light on,6. 最终目的,ultimate purpose,7. 要做的动作,desired action,A R _ Useful Expressions 2,desirable outcome,critical point,value of child rearing,making up for a misdeed,in retrospect,well-intentioned,come to sb.s rescue,A

32、R _ Useful Expressions 3,15. 极其熟练、温和地,with extreme facility and gentleness,16. 适用于,apply to,17. 发展到,evolve to,18. 发展创造力,promote creativity,19. 值得追求的目标,worthwhile goals,1. It takes an enormous amount of courage to make a departure from the tradition. 2. Tom used to be very shy, but this time he was b

33、old enough to give a performance in front of a large audience. 3.Many educators think it desirable to foster the creative spirit in the child at an early age.,4. Assuming(that) this painting really is a masterpiece, do you think its worthwhile to buy/purchase it? 5. If the data is statistically vali

34、d, it will throw light on the problem we are investigating.,D R _ Sentence 1 _ Because of ,Paraphrase the sentence.,Because he was so young and didnt quite know that he should position the key carefully to fit into the narrow key slot, he would usually fail.,Because of his tender age and incomplete

35、understanding of the need to position the key just so, he would usually fail.,D R _ Sentence 2 _ Benjamin was ,Paraphrase the sentence.,Benjamin was not bothered at all.,Benjamin was not bothered,Translate the sentence into Chinese.,本杰明一点也不在意。,D R _ Sentence 3 _ and to ,Paraphrase this part of the s

36、entence.,And to help explain Chinese attitudes toward creativity., and to throw light on Chinese attitudes toward creativity.,D R _ Sentence 4 _ since the child ,What does the desired action refer to?,Positioning the key carefully to fit into the slot., since the child is neither old enough nor clev

37、er enough to realize the desired action on his own, what possible gain is achieved by having him struggle?,In your opinion, what possible gain can be achieved by having Benjamin struggle?,Open-ended.,D R _ Sentence 5 _ He may well ,Paraphrase the sentence.,He is likely to get frustrated and angry.,Y

38、ou use “may well” when you are saying what you think is likely to happen.,He may well get frustrated and angry.,D R _ Sentence 6 _ He was having ,What do the two activities refer to?,Having a good time and exploring.,He was having a good time and was exploring, two activities that did matter to us.,

39、Paraphrase two “activities that did matter to us”.,Tow activities that were important to us.,D R _ Sentence 7 _ whether it be ,Analyze the structure of the sentence.,The subjunctive mood is used here.,Whether he be present or absent, we shall have to do our part., whether it be placing a key in a ke

40、y slot, drawing a hen or making up for a misdeed ,Paraphrase the sentence.,No matter whether it is placing a key in a key slot, drawing a hen or making up for some mistakes.,D R _ Sentence 8 _ young Westerners ,What does making their boldest departures mean?,Doing sth. different from an established

41、rule or tradition., young Westerners making their boldest departures first and then gradually mastering the tradition ,Translate this part into Chinese.,西方的年轻人先是大胆创新，然后逐渐深谙传统。,D R _ Sentence 9 _ But assuming ,Can you analyze the structure of this sentence?,But assuming that the contrast I have devel

42、oped is valid, and that the fostering of skills and creativity are both worthwhile goals ,assuming + that-clause: 假定 You use assuming that when you are considering a possible situation or event, so that you can think about the consequences.,Assuming that we all work at the same rate, we should be fi

43、nished by January.,D R _ Sentence 9 _ But assuming ,Translate the sentence into Chinese.,Can we gather, from the Chinese and American extremes, a superior way to approach education, perhaps striking a better balance between the poles of creativity and basic skills?,我们能否从中美两个极端中寻求一种更好的教育方式，它或许能在创造力与基

44、本技能这两极之间获得某种较好的平衡?,Do you think that we can find a better way to approach education, which strikes a better balance between the poles of creativity and basic skills?,D R _ word _ critical 2,2. very serious or dangerous 严重短缺食物,a critical shortage of food,Collocation：,危险状态,critical condition,重病,a crit

45、ical illness,D R _ word _ make up for,make up for: repay with sth. good; compensate for,I didnt travel much when I was younger, but Im certainly making up for lost time now.,他们加速进行以补回失去的时间。,They hurried on to make up for lost time.,D R _ word _ in retrospect,in retrospect: on evaluating the past; up

46、on reflection,In retrospect, what I have done is clearly absurd.,There are some things that you only become totally conscious of in retrospect.,D R _ word _ facility,facility: n.,play the piano with facility,有学习语言的天才,have great facility in learning languages,1. ability to do sth. easily and well,spo

47、rts facilities,娱乐设施,entertainment facilities,2. (pl.) equipment, aids, etc. which make it easy to do things,There are facilities for cooking in the kitchen.,D R _ word _ apply 1,apply: vi.,1. be relevant; have an effect,Pattern:,apply to sb./sth.,What I have said does not apply to you.,教授的这条建议只适用于一些

48、大学生。,The advice given by the professor only applies to some of the college students.,D R _ word _ apply 2,2. write a letter or fill in a form in order to ask formally for sth.,Pattern:,apply (to sb.) for sth. apply to do sth.,We applied to the authorities for assistance.,他决定申请参加学生会。,He decided to ap

49、ply to join the Student Union.,D R _ word _ priority,priority: n. sth. that one must do before anything else,Study is not on his list of priorities.,道路建设应是予以优先考虑的事。,Road building is a first priority.,D R _ word _ evolve 1,evolve: vi. develop gradually,Pattern:,evolve into 进化成，发展成，逐步形成 evolve from/ou

50、t of 由演化而成；从发展而来,The early fish have evolved into some 30,000 different species.,这一简单的计划逐步形成为一项复杂的规划。,The simple plan evolved into a complicated scheme.,D R _ word _ evolve 2,Some people believe that we evolved from the apes.,这整个想法是从信口说出的一句话发展而来的。,The whole idea evolved from a casual remark.,D R _ w

51、ord _ contrast 1,contrast:,1. v. compare (two people or things) so that differences are made clear,In her speech she contrasted the governments optimistic promises with its dismal achievements.,我忍不住把她的态度和她朋友的态度作了对比。,I cannot help contrasting her attitude with that of her friends.,Pattern:,contrast A

52、 with/and B,D R _ word _ contrast 2,Collocation：,形成鲜明的对比,contrast sharply/strikingly,形成惊人的/强烈的对比,contrast startlingly/strongly,2. n. difference between things compared,The atmosphere of the Second World War in London was a complete contrast to that of the First.,There is a marked contrast between th

53、e groups actions and its principles.,D R _ word _ contrast 3,Collocation：,与形成鲜明的对照,constitute/form a sharp contrast to,加强对比,intensify/sharpen the contrast,显示出差别,reveal/show a contrast,D R _ word _ harbor,harbor:,He might be harboring a death wish.,1. vt. keep (sth.) secretly in ones mind,The navy ha

54、s constructed an artificial harbor.,2. n. place of shelter for ships,harbor thoughts of revenge,All the ships stayed in the harbor during the storm.,D R _ word _ promote 1,promote: vt. help to grow or develop,new efforts to promote the world peace,促进经济发展,promote economic growth,牛奶增进健康。,Milk promotes

55、 health.,D R _ word _ promote 2,promote worth the trouble taken,Here is some worthwhile advice to any young businessman.,Its a worthwhile book.,太阳从云层背后出现。,D R _ word _ superior,superior: better than average or than others of the same type,The enemies were superior in numbers.,敌军在数量上占优势。,Pattern:,be

56、superior to be superior in,This carpet is far superior to that one in quality.,这条地毯在质量上远远比那条好。,A R _ main,Useful Expressions,Spot Dictation,Discussion,Comparison and Contrast,Writing Practice,Sentence Translation,Proverbs and Quotations,B R _ Comparison and Contrast,Comparison and Contrast,Definitio

57、n,An Example,Useful Expressions for Comparison and Contrast,B R _ Writing Practice,Writing Practice,A Brief Introduction,A Sample,Homework,You probably think you will never be a student. This is not necessarily so, however. Anyone can become a better if he or she wants to. It is true that you may no

58、t be about everything that you study, but by using your time properly you may improve your grades without work. Heres how: 1. carefully. 2. Find a good place to study. 3. before you read.,A R _ Synonyms 1,Spot Dictation,scholar,_,top,_,enthusiastic,_,additional,_,Plan your time,_,Scan,_,A R _ Synony

59、ms 2,4. your time in class. 5. Study 6. Develop about tests. There are other that might help you with your studying. Only a few have been mentioned here. You will probably discover many others after you have tried these.,Make good use of,_,regularly,_.,a good attitude,_,techniques,_,A R _ Discussion,Discussion,1. 2. 3. 4.,What do you think is more important, creativity or basic skills? How do you comment on the learning metho