英语四级讲座——阅读理解.ppt

1、英语四级讲座阅读理解,四、六级考试各部分测试内容、题型、时间和所占比例,四级阅读理解,答题时间：15分钟（快速阅读理解） 25分钟（仔细阅读理解） 测试内容：快速阅读理解 词汇阅读理解 篇章阅读理解,快速阅读,失分原因 解题技巧,失分原因,1 精读的负面影响. 2.把阅读理解等同于翻译理解。 3.不良的阅读习惯。,解题技巧,（1）略读( Skimming) （2）利用“信号词”（signal words) （3）寻读( Scanning),带着问题去寻找答案,了解文章大意和中心内容,判断重要和非重要信息,词汇阅读理解,1 250 10 15,一篇阅读文章,250词左右,10道选词填空题,提供1

2、5个词,一 测试目的,二 测试形式,考查对上下文的理解和词汇的应用能力,一般特点,15个单词中： 3个名词正确答案+1个名词干扰答案 3个动词正确答案+1个动词干扰答案 3个形容词正确答案+2个形容词干扰答案 1个副词正确答案+1个副词干扰答案。,1.熟知单词的词类和不同意思。 2.要理解上下文，尤其是上文的理解，要求比较高。 3.必须熟知一些基本的语法知识。,三 测试要求,四 阅读步骤,第一步：略读全文，定中心,第二步：详读选项，词分类,第三步：瞻前顾后，灵活选,第四步：复核检查，定结果,五 解题技巧,答题技巧一：词性分类,Scale retailed generate extreme te

3、chnically affordable situation really potential gap voluntary excessive insulted purchase primarily（2007年1月）,retailed generate insulted purchase,extreme affordable potential excessive voluntary,scale situation gap,副词,technically primarily really,名词,形容词,动词,答题技巧二：利用略读法略读全文,答题技巧三：瞻前顾后,理解文章的中心思想和逻辑关系,1.

4、 确定空格为名词或动名词,空格处前面为冠词、形容词或者及物动词的,空格处后面是动词的,空格处前面是介词的,举例：,.these jobs, a _ that has changed the target market for many products.(2007年1月),2. 确定空格为动词,空格处前面已经有名词/代词作主语，后面又有名词/代词作为动词的宾语，空格处应为及物动词,空格处前面是名词/代词，后面没有宾语，空格处应填不及物动词；,空格处前面是名词/代词，空格处后面是副词/介词，空格处应填入不及物动词，与副词/介词构成固定搭配,Many car dealers _ women sho

5、ppers by ignoring them or (2007年1月）,For example, women now _ about half of all cars.,篇章阅读理解,主旨题 细节题 推理题 词汇题,1、主旨题,Whats the best title for this passage? What is the main idea of the passage? The authors purpose of writing this passage is to _” Whats the authors attitude toward.?,(1)、主旨题表现形式,(2)、主旨题解

6、题方法,找到文章主题句，或者是可以体现文章主题的句子或单词。,如何找主题句或主题？,1 重点关注文章的首段和首末句,2 关注文章或一段中有没有重复出现的词或词组，有没有黑体字或斜体字,3 问句一般不会是主题句，真正的主题句应该是这个问题的答案,4 关注转折关系的连词，如“but, yet, however, in fact, indeed, practically,virtually”,5 关注总结性的词，如 in brief, above, after all, to sum 等,6 如果含有show 和 suggest, 重点看其后的宾语从句,7 掌握一些词组强调的重点， 如” not o

7、nly, but also , as well as, more than, less than ,Example:,The way people hold to the belief that a fun-filled, pain free life equals happiness actually reduces their chances of ever attaining real happiness, if fun and pleasure are equal to happiness then pain must be equal to unhappiness. But in f

8、act, the opposite is true: more often than not things that lead to happiness involve some pain.,Example:,Space is a dangerous place, not only because of meteors (流星）but also because of rays from the sun and other stars. The atmosphere . Radiation is the greatest known danger to explorers in space. T

9、he unit of radiation is called （末句）Drugs might help to decrease the damage done by radiation, but no really effective ones have been found so far.,Example:,The fridge is considered a necessity. It has been In my fridgeless fifties childhood, I was fed well and healthy The invention of the fridge con

10、tributed comparatively little to the art of food preservation. A vast way . What refrigeration did promote was marketing-marketing hardware and . The fridges effect upon the environment has been evident, while its contribution to human happiness has been insignificant. If you .,补充：在态度题中经常出现的单词,表示褒义的

11、词汇,表示贬义的词汇,Positive optimistic supporting praising admiring pleasant concerned enthusiastic humorous sober,Positive（赞成的） optimistic（乐观的） supporting（支持的） praising（赞扬的） admiring（羡慕的） pleasant（愉快的） concerned（关心的）enthusiastic（热情的） humorous （幽默的） sober （冷静的）,Disgusted critical negative suspicious toleran

12、t worried pessimistic bitter Depressed disappointed ironic sarcastic cynical sentimental angry,Disgusted（厌恶的） critical（批评的） negative（否定的） suspicious（怀疑的） tolerant（容忍的） worried（担忧的） pessimistic（悲观的） bitter（痛苦的） Depressed（沮丧的） disappointed（失望的） ironic（讽刺的） sarcastic（挖苦的） cynical（玩世不恭的） sentimental（感伤的

13、）angry（气愤的）,Uninterested impassive indifferent neutral subjective objective apathetic impersonal Informative impartial compromising,表示中性的词汇,Uninterested（不感兴趣的） impassive（不动感情的） indifferent（不关心的） neutral（中立的） subjective（主观的） objective（客观的）apathetic（漠不关心的） impersonal （不带个人感情的）Informative（提供信息的） impart

14、ial（不偏袒的）compromising (折衷的）,二 细节题,（1）表现形式 （2）解题方法 （3）注意点,(1)表现形式,(2) 解题方法,先看题干，再看原文，带着题干个别的特有信息或者带着题干的中心话题在原文定位,handball player,What did the handball player do when he was not allowed a time out to change his gloves?,（3）注意点,要注意合理但不正确的选项 要注意表示程度、范围、频率等的副词或形容词 “keep in constant touch with the computer

15、 center” （2002年1月 ）,3、推理题,(1)、表现形式,对暗含意思推理,下结论,对各部分的内在联系和作者写作思路进行推理,(2)、推理题解题方法,1 推断作者的言外之意 （考试比例较大）,注意文中关键词，短语 注意暗示推理题的答案肯定不能是照搬原文词句，往往用同义词进行修改,2 推断某细节或整个段落,排除与原文意思明显矛盾的或文中找不到依据的事实细节或观点,5、词汇题,一是常用词语辨析，侧重于考查多义常用词在特定语境中的具体意思 二是生词，侧重于考查考生根据上下文推断生词意思的能力,(1)、表现方式词语推断,(2)、词汇题解题方法,Can we pay too much atte

16、ntion to details? Absolutely. Perfectionists struggle over little things at the cost of something larger they work toward. “To keep from losing the forest for the trees”, says Charles Garfield associate professor at the University of California, San Francisco, “We must constantly ask ourselves how the details were working on fit into the larger picture. If they dont we should drop them and move to something else”.,Theword“perfectionists”(