电子信息工程专业英语翻译清华出版社English_for_IT_and_EE-02.ppt

1、技术工程师，信息技术工程师，设备2，集成电路，零部件I，集成5，1， digitallogicandelectroniccircuitsderivetheirfunctionalityfromelectronicswitchescalledtransistor.roughlyspeaking thetransistor callycontrolledvalvewherebyenergyappliedtooneconnectionofthevalveenablesenergytoflowbetwied en two other connections.1被称为晶体管已获得的功能，并且一般而言，晶

2、体管好像是一种电子控制阀，从而施加到阀门一端的能量在另外两个连接端之间流动。6、1、按组合多重晶体管、数字化逻辑块存取控制器软件流程图形式. trans tors aremadefromse andyouwilllocatesemiconductorsasagroupofelementsseparatingthemetalsandnonmetals.2调查了大学化学书的元素周期表，发现半导体是介于金属和非金属之间的一种元素。 七、一、 theyarecalledsemiconductorsbecauseoftheirabilitytobehaveasbothmetalsandnonmetals

3、.asemiconductorcanbemadetoconductelectricity metal does.thesedifferingelectricalpropertiescanbeaccuratelycontrolledbymixingthesemiconductorwithsemiconductorwith mounts of othh 、8、1、thismixingiscalleddoping.asemiconductorcanbedopedtocontainmoreelectrons (n类型) orfewerelectrons (p类型) . examplesofcommon

4、lyusedsemiconductorsaresiliconandgermanium.phosphorousandboronaretwoelementsthatareusedtodopen-type，9，2， atransistorisconstructedbycreatingasandwichofdifferentlydopedsemiconductorlayers.thetwomostcommontypesoftraaating the bipolar 场效应晶体管(fet )配对晶体管配置，10，2，thisfigureshowsbothesiliconstructuresofthese

5、ses BJT shown is an npn晶体管， becauseitiscomposedofasandwichofn-p-ndopedsilicon.whenasmallcurrentisinjectedintothe alargercurrentisenabledtoflowfromthecol 用于电路图中的符号，当小电流注入基极时，可以从集电极向发射极流过大的电流。11、2、安通道fet、whichiscomposedoftwon-typeregionsseparatedbyap-type substrate.whenavoltageisappliedtoto acurrentis

6、enabledtoflowfromthedraintothesource.itiscalledn -通道。 becausethegatevoltageinducesan-channelwithinthesubstrate，enablingcurrenttoflowbetweenthen-regions .向绝缘的栅极施加电压，栅极电压为、12、3、anotherbasicsemiconductorstructureshowninfigure2.1isa二极管， whichisformedsimplybyajunctionofn-typeandp-type silicon.diodesactli

7、keone-wayvalvesbyconductingcurrentonlyfrompttrom，13，3， specialdiodescanbecreatedthatemitlightwhenavoltageisapplied.appriately enough，thesecomponentsarecalledlightemittingdiodes表示or LEDs.thesesmallightsaremanufacturedbythemillionsandarefoundindiverseapplicationsfromtelephonestotrafficlights .这样的十四、四、

8、 theresultingsmallchipofsemiconductormaterialonwhichatransistordiodeisfabricatedcanbeencasedinasmallplasticpackageforprotecti aminationfromtheoutsideworld.4用塑料封装对半导体材料制作晶体管和二极管的小芯片进行损伤和防止来自外部的污染。 十五、四、 smallwiresareconnectedwithinthispackagebetweenthesemiconductorsandwichandpinsthatprotrudefromthepa

9、ckagetomakeelectricalcontact dcircuit .为了与(使用了该晶体管的)电路的桥部分连接，从封装内突出。16、4、onceyouhaveseveraldiscretetransistors、digitallogiccanbebuiltbydirectlywiringthesecomponentstogether.ther butanysubstar becauseseveraltransistorsarerequiredtoimplementeachofthevarioustypesoflogicgates .所有实质性的数字逻辑(电路)是在各种逻辑门中实现各自

10、所需要的atthetimeoftheinventionofthetransistorin 1947 byjohnbardeen、Walter Brattain、and William Shockley，以及theonlywaytoassemblemultipletransistorsintoasinglecircuitwastobuyseparatediscretetransistorsandwirethemtogether.in 1959。 jackilbyandrobertnoyceindependentlyinventedameansoffabricatingmultipletransi

11、storsonasingleslabofsemiconductormaterial . 在同一半导体材料上制作多个晶体管的方法，18、5，theirinventionwouldcometobeknownastheintegratedcircuit，or IC， whichisthefoundationofourmoderncomputerizedworld.anicissocalledbecauseitintegratesmultipletransistorsanddiodesontothesamessamessam adofhavingtosolderindividualwiresbetwe

12、endiscretecomponents。 aniccontainsmanysmallcomponentsthatarealreadywiredtogetherinthedesiredtopologytoformacircuit . ic包括19、6、A typical IC、withoutitsplasticorceramicpackage和按照形成电路所需的拓扑连接的多个小组件。 isasquareorrectangularsilicondiemeasuringfrom2to 15 mmonanedge.dependingontheleveloftechnologyusedtomanufa

13、cturetheic theremaybeanywherefromadozentotensofindividualtransistorsonthissmallchip .各边距离2mm为15mm的方形或矩形的硅片， 该小片上可能有数十至数百万个晶体管的thisamazingdensityofelectroniccomponentsindicatesthatthetransistorsandthewiresthatconnectthemareextremel ne anicaremeasuredinunitsofmicrometers，withonemicrometer (1毫米) beingonemillionthofameter.toserveasareferencepoint。 ahumanhairisroughly