Past Simple vs. Past Perfect一般过去时和过去完成时

1、Past simple vs. past perfect simple,1. cleaned the blackboard,2. closed the window,had cleaned the blackboard,closed the window,She had cleaned the blackboard before she closed the window.,After she had cleaned the blackboard , she closed the window.,drank water,had run out of breath,1. ran out of b

2、reath,2. drank water,He had run out of breath before he drank water.,After he had run out of breath, he drank water.,1. ate an apple,2. slept,had eaten an apple,slept,She had eaten an apple before she slept.,After she had eaten an apple , she slept.,2. played ping pong,1. did his homework,played pin

3、g pong,had done his homework,He had done his homework before he played ping pong.,After he had done his homework , he played Ping pong.,Discussion: The structure of the Past perfect tense:（结构） 2.The definition of the Past perfect tense: （定义）,主语+had + 动词的过去分词 (p.p.),定义：,过去完成时：,强调过去某一个动作发生在 另一个动作前常常用过

4、去完成时态。,1.在老师进入教室前, 李磊擦了黑 板.,LiLei _ (clean) the blackboard before the teacher came into the classroom.,had cleaned,2. 当我们到那儿时火车已经离开了。,The train _ (leave) when we arrived there.,had left,We use the past perfect simple when we need to make it clear that an event took place before another past event.,构

5、成：,过去完成时的判断依据: 1. 由时间状语来判定：一般说来，各种时态都有特定的时间状语。与过去完成时连用的时间状语有： (1) by + 过去的时间点。如： 昨天晚上九点前我已经读完这本小说了。 I had finished reading the novel by nine oclock last night.,(2) by the end of + 过去的时间点。如： 截止到上学期末，我们已经学了两千多个英文单词了。 We had learned over two thousand English words by the end of last term. (3) before +

6、过去的时间点。如： 上周三以前他们已经中了六百棵树了。 They had planted six hundred trees before last Wednesday.,2. 由“过去的过去”来判定：过去完成时表示“过去的过去”，是指过去某一动作之前已经发生或完成的动作，即动作有先后关系，动作在前的用过去完成时，在后的用一般过去时。这种用法常出现在： (1) 宾语从句中: 当宾语从句的主句为一般过去时，且从句的动作先于主句的动作时，从句要用过去完成时。在told, said, knew, heard, thought等动词后的宾语从句。如： 她说她以前看过这电影。She said that

7、she had seen the film before.,(2) 状语从句中: 在时间、条件、原因、方式等状语从句中，主、从句的动作发生有先后关系，动作在前的，要用过去完成时，动作在后的要用一般过去时。如： 当我到达车站时，火车已经离开了。When I got to the station, the train had already left. 他完成作业以后，就上床睡觉了。After he had finished his homework, he went to bed.,注意：before, after 引导的时间状语从句中，由于 before 和 after 本身已表达了动作的先后

8、关系，若主、从句表示的动作紧密相连，则主、从句也可以都用一般过去时。如： 你来这儿之前在哪儿学习？Where did you study (had you studied) before you came here? 他关上门，离开了教室。After he closed the door, he left the classroom.,(3) 表示意向的动词，如hope, wish, expect, think, intend, mean, suppose等，用过去完成时表示原本，未能 我们原本希望你会来，但你没来。 We had hoped that you would come, but

9、you didnt.,3. 根据上、下文来判定。 昨天我在街上见到了王涛，自从他来到北京后我们还没见过面。 I met Wang Tao in the street yesterday. We hadnt seen each other since he came to Beijing.,用所给动词的正确形式填空(10/1),1.The poor girl never saw her grandpa because he _ (pass away) before she was born.,2. She_ already_ (clean) the blackboard before I ent

10、ered the classroom.,had passed away,cleaned,had,用所给动词的正确形式填空(10/1),3. He_ (turn off) the lights before he left the classroom. 4. _ your parents _(have) lunch when you arrived at home?,had turned off,Had,had,Today, I watched Roman Holiday with my friends. Kitty was the first one to arrive at the cine

11、ma. When Millie and I _ (arrive), Kitty _ (buy) the tickets already. Simon and Daniel came next. Before Simon and Daniel _ (come), Millie and I _ (go) to get some drinks. Then all five of us waited for Amy outside the cinema. Before Amy_ (arrive), we _ (finish) our drinks. When we _ (enter) the cine

12、ma, the film_ already _ (start). Luckily, we didnt miss much.,arrived,had finished,had gone,entered,arrived,had,started,had bought,came,Exercises: 翻译句子： 1. 到上个月底,你看了多少部英文电影? How many English films had you seen by the end of last month? 2. 今天上午十点钟前,他已完成了这项工作。 He had finished the work before ten ocloc

13、k this morning. 3. 在我妈妈回来之前,我已经完成了作业。 I had already finished my homework before my mother returned.,4. 我到运动场时,比赛已经开始了 The match had already begun when I got to the playground. 5. 八点钟,学生开始在田里劳动,这时雨已经停止,太阳出来了。 The students started working in the fields at eight oclock. The rain had stopped and the sun

14、 was shining. 6. 在我爸爸搬到这里之前,他已在学校工作五年了。 My father had worked in the school for five years before he moved here.,7. 昨天我看到了David。自离开学校以来,我们都没有见过面。 I saw David yesterday. We had not seen each other since we left school. 8. 到六月底他们已经治疗了一万多病人。 By the end of June they had treated over 10,000 patients. 9. 他

15、在部队干了十年，去年退役了。 He had served in the army for ten years before he retired last year.,10. 他告诉我他从小就认识她。 He told me that he had known her since he was a child. 11. 汤姆乘飞机回家，他的父亲却已经去世了。 Tom flew home, but his father had already died. 12. 我本来希望昨晚回来的，但没搭上火车。 I had hoped to be back last night, but I didnt ca

16、tch the train.,13. 我们本想早回来的，但他们不让我们走。 We had thought to return early but they wouldnt let us go. 14. 我原以为我以前见过他。 I thought I had seen him before. 15.到他到来时，那人已经离开了。 By the time he arrived, the man had already left.,综合时态填空： 1. We _ ( learn ) 2000 English words since we came to this school. The teacher

17、 said we _ ( learn ) 2000 English words since then. We _ ( learn ) 500 words last term. We _ ( learn ) 2000 words by the end of last term. 2. He _( have ) a meeting next week. He _ ( have ) a meeting two weeks ago. He told me he _ ( have ) a meeting two weeks before. 3._ you _ ( be ) to the Great Wa

18、ll? The teacher asked if you _ ( be ) to the Great Wall?,have learned,had learned,learned,had learned,will have,had,had had,Have been,had been,4. I _ ( finish ) my homework when my father got home yesterday. I _ ( finish ) my homework at 10 last night. 5. The film _ ( begin ) when I got to the cinema. The film _ ( be ) on for 10 minutes when I got to the cinema. 6. My brother _ ( study ) in this school for three y