河南省许昌市2023-2024学年高二上学期2月期末英语试题（含答案解析）

XCS2023—2024学年第一学期期末教学质量检测高二英语注意事项：1.答卷前，考生务必将自己的姓名、准考证号填写在答题卡上。2.回答选择题时，选出每小题答案后，用铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案标号。回答非选择题时，将答案写在答题卡上，写在本试卷上无效。3.考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。第一部分听力（共两节，满分30分）第一节（共5小题；每小题1.5分，满分7.5分）听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。1.Whatisthemanlookingfor?A.Vegetables.B.Orangejuice.C.Anemployee.2.WhatisPatwearing?A.Awhitehat.B.Awhiteshirt.C.Abrownshirt.3.Whatdidthemanborrowfromthewoman?A.HeriPhone.B.HeriPodC.Hergymbag.4.Whowillthemancall?A.Hiswife.B.Hisboss.C.Ataxi.5.Whathappenedtothewoman?A.Shewaslateforschool.B.Shegotlostwhiledriving.C.Shecouldn'tfindaparkingspot.第二节（共15小题；每小题1.5分，满分22.5分）听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟；听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。听第6段材料，回答第6、7题。6.Whatdoesthewomansayaboutpuppies?A.Theyarefree.B.Theyneedshots.C.Theyeatvegetables.7.Whatdoestheboyoffertodo?A.Buildahouseforthepuppy.B.Takegoodcareofthepuppy.C.Givethepuppysomeofhisfood.听第7段材料，回答第8、9题。8.Whydoesthemanwantthedooroiled?A.It'sveryoldB.It'shardtoopen.C.Itmakestoomuchnoise.9.Whendoesthewomanusuallycomehome?A.Lateatnight.B.Inthemiddleoftheday.C.Earlyinthemorning.听第8段材料，回答第10至12题。10.Whatdoesthemanexpectfortheyear?A.It'llbefun.B.It'llbedifficult.C.It'llbeeasy.11.Whatdoesthemanplantodo?A.MajorinEnglish.B.Volunteeratthezoo.C.Attendmedicalschool.12.Howoftenwillthewomanbevolunteering?A.Everyday.B.Everyweekend.C.Threedaysaweek.听第9段材料，回答第13至16题。13.Whodidthewomanjustmeet?A.Apsychologist.B.Herdoctor.C.Oneofherfriends.14.Whatmightbethecauseofthewoman'ssleepingproblems?A.Anxiety.B.Toomuchwork.C.Thepillsshetakes.15.Whatdoesthemansuggest?A.Exercisingoutdoors.B.Talkingmoreoftentoothers.C.Notusingthecomputerforawhile.16.Whendoesthemanusuallyfallasleep?A.At8pm.B.At9pm.C.At10pm.听第10段材料，回答第17至20题。17.Whendidthestormstart?A.Thismorning.B.Thisafternoon.C.Lastnight.18.Whohasbeenrescuedbyboat?A.Peoplelivinginlowareas.B.Peoplelivingnearthehills.C.Peoplelivingneartheocean.19.Howmanypeoplearewithoutpower?A.Thousands.B.Hundreds.C.Several.20.WhatdoestheWeatherServicesuggestpeopledo?A.Notleavetheirhomes.B.Turnofftheirelectricity.C.Drivecarefullythroughwater.第二部分阅读（共两节，满分50分）第一节（共15小题；每小题2.5分，满分37.5分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。ATheBritishArtPrize2023Artists&IllustratorsisproudtoannouncethereturnoftheBritishArtPrize,amajorartcompetitionopentoartistsofalllevels.Allshortlisted(被列入候选名单的)artworkswillbeexhibitedataleadingLondongalleryinNovember2023.Shortlistedartistswillbeinvitedtoanopeningeveningreceptionalongsideartists,collectorsandotherVIPguests.PRIZBSTheBritishArtPrizehasfourfantasticprizes.Theyare:·FIRSTPRIZETheoverallwinneroftheBritishArtPrizewillreceivea£3,000cashprize,aseven-nightluxuryAmaWaterwaysrivertripfortwoontheSeineworthover£5,000,a£250giftvoucher(礼券)fromRosemary&.Co,andasixfeatureinafutureissueofArtists&Illustrators.·SECONDPRIZEA£500cashprize,aDerwentLightfastWoodenBox,aLightfastPaperPad(togetherworth£520)andinclusionintheArtists&IllustratorsBritishArtPrizewinners’specialissue.·THIRDPRIZEA£500cashprizeandinclusionintheArtists&IllustratorsBritishArtPrizewinners’specialissue.·PEOPLE’SCHOICEAWARDA£1,000cashprize,aPegasusArtvoucherworth£500andafeatureintheJanuary2024issueofArtists&Illustrators.HOWTOENTERSimplyvisitartistsandillustrators.co.uk/britishartprizeandfillouttheonlineform.Attachdigitalphotographsofyourartworkswhenrequestedandclickthe“submit”buttontocompleteyourentry.Theentryfeeforthefirstartworkis£18and£15foranyadditionalartwork.SELECTIONPROCESSSubmissionscloseat5p.m.onFriday,4thAugust.Ourjudgeswillselectashortlistof50artworks,includingthethreetopprizewinners.ThePeople’sChoiceAwardwillbedecidedbyapublicvote.TheBritishArtPrize2023shortlistwillbeannouncedonlineonSaturday,30thSeptemberandintheNovemberissueofArtists&Illustrators.1.Whenwilltheshortlistedartworksbeexhibited?A.InAugust2023. B.InSeptember2023.C.InNovember2023. D.InJanuary2024.2.Whichprize’swinnerwillbeprovidedwithavoyage?A.FirstPrize. B.SecondPrize.C.ThirdPrize. D.People’sChoiceAward.3.Howmuchshouldyoupayifyousubmitthreeartworks?A.£33. B.£36. C.£45. D.£48.【答案】1.C2.A3.D【解析】【导语】本文是一篇应用文。文章介绍了2023年英国艺术奖的相关情况。【1题详解】细节理解题。根据第一段中“Allshortlisted(被列入候选名单的)artworkswillbeexhibitedataleadingLondongalleryinNovember2023.

(所有入围作品将于2023年11月在伦敦一家知名画廊展出。)”可知，所有入围作品将于2023年11月在伦敦一家知名画廊展出。故选C。【2题详解】细节理解题。根据FIRSTPRIZE部分中“TheoverallwinneroftheBritishArtPrizewillreceivea£3,000cashprize,aseven-nightluxuryAmaWaterwaysrivertripfortwoontheSeineworthover£5,000(英国艺术奖的总冠军将获得3000英镑的现金奖励，以及价值超过5000英镑的阿玛水道塞纳河七晚豪华双人游)”可知，FIRSTPRIZE为获奖者提供一次旅行。故选A。【3题详解】细节理解题。根据HOWTOENTER部分中“Theentryfeeforthefirstartworkis£18and£15foranyadditionalartwork.(第一件作品的报名费为18英镑，其他作品的报名费为15英镑。)”可知，如果提交三件作品，第一件为18英镑，第二件和第三件共计30英镑，故一共为48英镑。故选D。BFélix“Andarin”Carvajalwasabornrunner.Asaboy,hespenthischildhoodrunningupanddownnearbyhills.Yearslater,asapostman,Carvajalbecamewell-knowninthecityofHavana,andeventually,hebegantoputhisfametouse,seekingoutdonationssohemightrepresentCubaasamarathonrunneratthe1904SummerOlympicsinSt.Louis,Missouri.Atthetime,therewasnostatesupportforOlympicathletesinCuba.Butevenwiththemoney,Carvajalnearlydidn’tmakeitthere.HisjourneytotheGamestookhimfirsttoNewOrleans，wherehelostallthemoneyhehadsavedupforthetrip.Inaforeigncity,CarvajalbegantowalknorthupalongtheMississippiRivertoSt.Louis.Itwashundredsofmiles,butbetweenwalkingandhitching(搭便车)rides,hewasabletoreachSt.Louisintimeforhisevent.ItwasAugustinSt.LouisandCarvajalstoodinthestagingarea，hungryandoutofshapeandtired.Carvajaltookofftoacommandingearlyleaddespitethefactthathehadnoteatenfortwodays.Carvajalhadneverparticularlybelievedinpacinghimself.Carvajalwasmostlyself-trainedandhisideasaboutrunninghadalwaysbeenstraightforward:torunfarandrunfastandrununtilyoucan’tgoanymore.But26.2milesisalongdistance.Carvajalwasreportedtohavepickedandeatenfivegreenappleswhilerunningandbecamebadlyillwithastomachache.Miraculously,Carvajalmanagedtoreturntotheraceandfinishinfourthplace.The1904OlympicswasthepeakofCarvajal’sinternationalcareer.Butheremainedarunnerfortherestofhislife.At55yearsold,CarvajalrantheentirelengthofCubaalongthecountry’smainhighway,adistanceofnearly700miles.Towardtheendofhislife,heperformedashortrunningdemonstration.“ThisistoshowyouthatIstillrun,”hetoldthecrowd.4.WhatdidCarvajalusehisfametodo?A.Getajobasapostman.B.Inspiremorepeopletorun.C.SupportprofessionalathletesinCuba.D.RaisemoneyforhistriptotheOlympics.5.WhathappenedtoCarvajalaccordingtoparagraph2?A.Helostallhismoney. B.Hegotlostinaforeigncity.C.HetraveledroundNewOrleans. D.HewalkedtotheMississippiRiver.6.WhatdidCarvajalbelievein?A.Keepingpacewithmostrunners.BRunningfastfromthebeginning.C.Speedingupinthemiddleofarace.D.Runningatanaveragespeedallthrougharace.7.Whichisthebesttitleofthepassage?A.Amanalwaysinneed. B.Amanbornformedals.C.Amanalwaysonthemove. D.Amandevotedtocharity.【答案】4.D5.A6.B7.C【解析】【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了热爱运动Carvajal，坚持跑步的故事。【4题详解】细节理解题。根据第一段中“Yearslater,asapostman,Carvajalbecamewell-knowninthecityofHavana,andeventually,hebegantoputhisfametouse,seekingoutdonationssohemightrepresentCubaasamarathonrunneratthe1904SummerOlympicsinSt.Louis,Missouri.Atthetime,therewasnostatesupportforOlympicathletesinCuba.”（多年以后，作为一名邮递员，卡瓦哈尔在哈瓦那市声名鹊起，最终，他开始利用自己的名声，寻求捐款，以便在密苏里州圣路易斯的1904年夏季奥林匹克运动会上代表古巴参加马拉松比赛。当时，古巴没有国家对奥运会运动员的支持。）可知，在Carvajal出名后，Carvajal利用自己的名声为自己能代表古巴参加1904年夏季奥林匹克寻求捐款。故选D。【5题详解】细节理解题。根据第二段中“Butevenwiththemoney,Carvajalnearlydidn’tmakeitthere.HisjourneytotheGamestookhimfirsttoNewOrleans，wherehelostallthemoneyhehadsavedupforthetrip.”（但即使有了钱，卡瓦哈尔也差点没能到达那里。他的奥运之旅首先把他带到了新奥尔良，在那里他失去了所有为这次旅行积攒的钱。）可知，在去参加奥运会的途中——奥尔良，他失去了所有为这次旅行积攒的钱。故选A。【6题详解】细节理解题。根据第三段中“Carvajalwasmostlyself-trainedandhisideasaboutrunninghadalwaysbeenstraightforward:torunfarandrunfastandrununtilyoucan’tgoanymore.”（卡瓦哈尔基本上是自学成才，他对跑步的想法一直很直接:跑得远，跑得快，跑到你再也跑不动为止。）可知，在Carvajal看来，跑步就是跑得远，跑得快，跑到你再也跑不动为止。即他认为从一开始就要跑的快。故选B。【7题详解】主旨大意题。通读全文，文章一开始提到天生爱跑步的Carvajal在自己成名后，他利用自己的名声为自己能代表古巴参加1904年夏季奥林匹克寻求捐款。随后的内容提到了他在奥运会上获得了第四名的成绩，这成为了他运动生涯的巅峰，此后在他的余生中，他一直是一名跑步者。55岁时，Carvajal跑完了整个古巴，直至他生命的最后，他依旧做了一个简短的跑步演示。告诉人们，他还在跑步，所以文章的标题可以为“一直在跑步的人”，选项C符合题意，故选C。C400milliontonsofplasticaregeneratedannually,mostofwhichcomesfromsingle-useplasticWhilecountriesaremakingprogressinreducingthiswastethroughpaperbagsandstraws,therearestillapplicationswherethepropertiesofplasticarenecessary.Transparent(透明的)woodisanalternativeforsuchapplicationsandishighlypreferredsinceitpreventstheharmofpetroleum-derived(石油衍生的)plasticproducts.GermanscientistSiegfriedFinkfirstcreatedtransparentwoodintheyear1992,andoverthepastthreedecadesithasbeensignificantlyimprovedbyotherresearchersaswell.Initsnaturalform,woodisnottransparent.However,researchershavefoundthatremovinglignin,anaturallyoccurringbiopolymerthatprovidesstructuralsupportfortheplanttissue,canmakeittransparent.Todoso,thewoodissoakedinawarmsolutionconsistingofmultiplechemicals,followedbyboilingitinanothersolution.Thisremovesthelignincompletelyandturnsthewoodwhite.However,thespacethatwasoccupiedbyligninneedstobefilleduptomaintainstructuralintegrity.Thisprocessisdonebyusingaresin(树脂)atatemperatureof185Fahrenheit(85℃).Thefinalproductcanhaveasmuchas90transparency,anditdoesn’tbreakeasily.Moreimportantly,itismorebiodegradablethanglassorplastic.Whiletransparentwoodisn’tcommercialyet,ithasbeenemployedinawidevarietyofapplicationsrangingfromconstructiontoenergystorage,makingflexibleelectronicsandpackaging.TheresearchersattheIndianInstituteofTechnology(IIT)conductedalife-cycleanalysis(LCA)oftransparentwoodtodeterminetheenvironmentalimpactofitsproductionandend-of-life(EOL)cycle.Thestudyfoundthatusinghydrogenperoxidefordelignification,followedbyusingepoxyforinfiltration,wasthemosteco-friendly.Whenscaledupforindustrialproduction,theformermethodwouldlowerelectricityconsumptionbyasmuchas98.8percent.EOLanalysisshowedthattransparentwoodhadareducedecologicalimpactcomparedtopolyethylene(聚乙烯),pavingthewayforittobecommerciallyadaptedtoreplacethepetroleum-basedmaterial.8.Whyistransparentwoodpreferredcomparedtoplastic?A.Itiseasiertomake. B.Itisenvironmentallyfriendly.C.Itcanbeusedlonger. D.Itcanbeusedrepeatedly.9.Whatisparagraph3mainlyabout?A.Thenaturalformofwood. B.Theimportanceofchemicals.C.Howtransparentwoodismade. D.Howligninkeepswoodstrong.10.WhatdidtheresearchersatIITfindabouttransparentwood?A.Itcanberecycled.B.Itwillreplaceplasticsoon.C.Themosteco-friendlywaytoproduceit.D.Potentialdamagecausedbyittotheenvironment.11.Whatcanbeexpectedoftransparentwood’smarketing?A.Promising. B.Difficult. C.Profitable. D.Uncertain.【答案】8.B9.C10.B11.A【解析】【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍的是透明木材的制作和优点。【8题详解】推理判断题。根据第二段的“Transparent(透明的)woodisanalternativeforsuchapplicationsandishighlypreferredsinceitpreventstheharmofpetroleum-derived(石油衍生的)plasticproducts.(透明木材是这种应用的替代品，由于它可以防止石油衍生塑料产品的危害，因此非常受欢迎)”可知，透明木材比塑料更受欢迎，因为它是环保的。故选B。【9题详解】主旨大意题。根据第三段的“Todoso,thewoodissoakedinawarmsolutionconsistingofmultiplechemicals,followedbyboilingitinanothersolution.Thisremovesthelignincompletelyandturnsthewoodwhite.However,thespacethatwasoccupiedbyligninneedstobefilleduptomaintainstructuralintegrity.Thisprocessisdonebyusingaresin(树脂)atatemperatureof185Fahrenheit(85℃).(为此，将木材浸泡在含有多种化学物质的温溶液中，然后在另一种溶液中煮沸。这样可以完全去除木质素，使木材变成白色。然而，木质素所占据的空间需要被填满，以保持结构的完整性。这个过程是通过在185华氏度（85℃）的温度下使用树脂来完成的)”可知，第三段主要讲的是透明木材是如何制成的。故选C。【10题详解】细节理解题。根据倒数第二段的“Thestudyfoundthatusinghydrogenperoxidefordelignification,followedbyusingepoxyforinfiltration,wasthemosteco-friendly.(研究发现，使用双氧水去木质素，其次使用环氧树脂渗透，是最环保的)”可知，IIT的研究人员发现透明木材最环保的生产方式。故选B。【11题详解】推理判断题。根据最后一段的“EOLanalysisshowedthattransparentwoodhadareducedecologicalimpactcomparedtopolyethylene,pavingthewayforittobecommerciallyadaptedtoreplacethepetroleum-basedmaterial.(EOL分析表明，与聚乙烯相比，透明木材对生态的影响更小，为其在商业上取代石油基材料铺平了道路)”可推知，透明木材是有前途的。故选A。DThefruit-treepinholeborer(针孔蛀虫),asitsnameimplies,makesholesinfruittrees.Itlaysitseggsandraisesitsyounginthegalleriesthuscreated.Yetthebeetles(甲虫)donotfeeddirectlyonthewoodtheyboreinto.Instead,theydevourfungi(真菌)thatgrowonthewoodthusexposed.Researchershavelongsuspectedthatthisisaformoffarming,becausetheyhaveevidencethatthebeetlescarryspores(孢子)oftheirpreferredcrop,R.sulphurea,intotheirsmallholdings—ineffect,sowingitthere.Observationsofnaturalfruit-treepinhole-borerdwellingssuggestthatR.sulphureagrowsinthemmoreabundantly(大量地)thanmightbeexpected,givenallthefungalcompetitionaround—butnotwhy.Tocheckwhetherthebeetlesare,indeed,weedingtheircrop,JaninaDiehlandPeterBiedermannoftheUniversityofFreiburgdidanexperiment.Inthelaboratory,theyhadmotherbeetlesofthelittlewoodborerestablishnests,inwhichthetypicalfungalgardensformed.Butbeforethebeetleshadstartedlayingtheireggs,theycollectedallofthebeetlesandthenreturnedhalftotheirdwellingswhileleavingtheothernestsempty.Geneticanalysisofthefungalgardensafter40daysshowedthatthepresenceofthebeetleshadgreatlychangedthefungalcommunity.Twentydaysafterthat,theysampledthegallerywallsforfungi.Astheyhadhopedandexpected,R.sulphureawasmuchmoreabundantinbeetle-tendedgalleriesthaninthosewithoutresidents.Intheformer,itmadeuphalfofthefungalmassextracted.Inthelatter,lessthanathird.Thesebeetlesareindeedweedingtheircrop.“Furtherresearchintohowexactlythebeetlessuppressthegrowthofweedfungicouldalsoprovideworthwhileinsightsforhumanagriculture,whichisstrugglingwithweedresistance,forexample,”saysBiedermann.“It’shighlyexcitingforustoseehownaturehasbeendoingthisfor60millionyears.Wehumanscanstilllearnsomethingfromthesemechanisms.”12.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“devour”inparagraph1mean?A.Sow. B.Tend. C.Eat. D.Move.13.Inwhichaspectwerethetwogroupsofnestsdifferent?A.Thenumberofthemotherbeetles. B.Thepresenceofthebeetles.C.Thequalityoffoodfungi. D.Thetypesofweedfungi.14.WhatdidDiehlfindaboutthefruit-treepinholeborer?A.Theyweedcrops. B.Theyfeedonfruit.C.Theyliveingroups. D.Theylayeggsintrees.15.WhatcanbelearnedfromBiedermann’swords?A.Theresearchfindingsareoflittlevalue.B.Measuresshouldbetakentoprotectthebeetles.C.Fungicausemuchdamagetohumanagriculture.DFurtherresearchtothebeetlesmightbenefitfarmers.【答案】12.C13.B14.A15.D【解析】【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章讲述了弗莱堡大学的JaninaDiehl和PeterBiedermann做了一个实验，表明甲虫可以帮助除草。【12题详解】词句猜测题。根据上文“Yetthebeetles(甲虫)donotfeeddirectlyonthewoodtheyboreinto.(然而，甲虫并不直接以它们钻进的木头为食。)”和“Instead(相反)”可知，划线词所在的句子意为：它们会吞食生长在暴露在外的木头上的真菌。由此可知，devour意为“吞食，吞吃”。故选C。【13题详解】细节理解题。根据文章第四段“Butbeforethebeetleshadstartedlayingtheireggs,theycollectedallofthebeetlesandthenreturnedhalftotheirdwellingswhileleavingtheothernestsempty.Geneticanalysisofthefungalgardensafter40daysshowedthatthepresenceofthebeetleshadgreatlychangedthefungalcommunity.(但是在甲虫开始产卵之前，他们收集了所有的甲虫，然后把一半的甲虫送回它们的住所，而把其他的巢穴空着。40天后对真菌园的遗传分析表明，甲虫的存在极大地改变了真菌群落。)”可知，两组巢穴在甲虫的存在方面是不同的。故选B。【14题详解】细节理解题。根据文章第三段“Tocheckwhetherthebeetlesare,indeed,weedingtheircrop,JaninaDiehlandPeterBiedermannoftheUniversityofFreiburgdidanexperiment.(为了验证甲虫是否真的在给它们的作物除草，弗莱堡大学的JaninaDiehl和PeterBiedermann做了一个实验。)”和文章第五段“Thesebeetlesareindeedweedingtheircrop.(这些甲虫确实在除草。)”可知，Diehl发现针孔蛀虫给庄稼除草。故选A。【15题详解】推理判断题。根据文章最后一段““Furtherresearchintohowexactlythebeetlessuppressthegrowthofweedfungicouldalsoprovideworthwhileinsightsforhumanagriculture,whichisstrugglingwithweedresistance,forexample,”saysBiedermann.(“进一步研究甲虫如何抑制杂草真菌的生长，也可以为人类农业提供有价值的见解，例如，人类农业正与杂草抗性作斗争，”Biedermann说。)”可知，从Biedermann的话中我们可以了解到对甲虫的进一步研究可能会使农民受益。故选D。第二节（共5小题；每小题2.5分，满分12.5分）根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。AvoidinglonelinessItdoesn’tfollowthatyou’relonelyjustbecauseyoulivealone,butthere’sevidencethatitcanaffectyourhealth,increasingyourriskofheartdisease,cancer,andmentalhealthproblems.____16____.Acknowledgingitandtryingtounderstandwhat’scausingyoutofeelthatwayisthefirststeptodoingsomethingaboutit.____17____.InsteadofwatchingTVorcheckingyourphone,goforawalkandchatwithsomeone.Betterstill,offertotakeaneighbor'sdogforawalk—dogownersloveother’dog’people!Buildyourcommunityonline.Theinternethasthepotentialtobringlike-mindedpeopletogether.____18____.TryaneighbourhoodapplikeNextDoororNearcircles.Youmaytakepartinafitnesscommunity(groupworkoutsorarunningclub),aworkcommunity(co-workingspace),orahobbycommunity(awriters’meetup).Yourlocallibrarywillalsobeabletohelpyoufindactivitiesandwhat’sonnearhome.Pickupthephone.Ormakeavideocall.Don’twaitforfamilyandfriendstomakethefirstmove;getintouchforachatandmakeitahabit.Getinvolved.____19____.Helpingoutatthelocalfoodbankorcharityshopwillnotonlygiveyouawarm,happyfeeling,butyou’llalsogettomeetothervolunteers—anditwillgiveyousomethingtotalkaboutwithfriends.Planahead.Everyone’sbusy,sogettingpeopletogethercantakeorganisationandmotivation.____20____.A.MaketimeforpeopleB.TalkaboutyourfeelingsC.So,ifattimesyoufeellonesome,don’tignoreitD.Don’tbeembarrassedatthecausesofyourlonelinessE.However,itneedstotranslateintomeetingupinreallifeF.Ratherthanunclearlysuggestingmeetingup,followupquicklywithaproposeddateG.Volunteeringisgoodforphysicalandmentalhealth,andallowsyoutoconnectwithpeople【答案】16.C17.A18.E19.G20.F【解析】【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了避免孤独的策略。【16题详解】由上文“Itdoesn’tfollowthatyou’relonelyjustbecauseyoulivealone,butthere’sevidencethatitcanaffectyourhealth,increasingyourriskofheartdisease,cancer,andmentalhealthproblems.(这并不意味着你孤独只是因为你独自生活，但有证据表明它会影响你的健康，增加你患心脏病、癌症和精神健康问题的风险。)”可知，要重视孤独，故C选项“So,ifattimesyoufeellonesome,don’tignoreit(所以，如果你有时感到孤独，不要忽视它)”能承接上文，符合题意。故选C。【17题详解】由下文“InsteadofwatchingTVorcheckingyourphone,goforawalkandchatwithsomeone.Betterstill,offertotakeaneighbor'sdogforawalk—dogownersloveother’dog’people!(与其看电视或看手机，不如出去走走，找人聊聊天。更好的办法是，主动帮邻居遛狗，因为主人喜欢其他“狗”人！)”可知，本空要说跟“帮助人们”有关的话题，故A选项“Maketimeforpeople(为人们腾出时间)”能引起下文，符合题意。故选A。【18题详解】由上文“Buildyourcommunityonline.Theinternethasthepotentialtobringlike-mindedpeopletogether.(建立你的在线社区。互联网有可能把志趣相投的人聚集在一起。)”可知，本空要说跟“互联网”有关的话题，故E选项“However,itneedstotranslateintomeetingupinreallife(然而，它需要转化为现实生活中的会面)”能与上文构成转折，强调互联网中建立的关系需要转化为现实中的会面，符合题意。故选E。【19题详解】由下文“Helpingoutatthelocalfoodbankorcharityshopwillnotonlygiveyouawarm,happyfeeling,butyou’llalsogettomeetothervolunteers—anditwillgiveyousomethingtotalkaboutwithfriends.(在当地的食品银行或慈善商店帮忙不仅会给你一种温暖、快乐的感觉，而且你还会遇到其他志愿者——这将给你一些和朋友谈论的话题。)”可知，本空要说跟“志愿者”有关的话题，故G选项“Volunteeringisgoodforphysicalandmentalhealth,andallowsyoutoconnectwithpeople(志愿服务有利于身心健康，并使你能够与他人建立联系)”能引起下文，符合题意。故选G。【20题详解】由上文“Planahead.Everyone’sbusy,sogettingpeopletogethercantakeorganisationandmotivation.(提前计划。每个人都很忙，所以把人们聚集在一起需要组织和动力。)”可知，本空要说跟“计划会面”有关的话题，故F选项“Ratherthanunclearlysuggestingmeetingup,followupquicklywithaproposeddate(与其含糊地建议会面，不如迅速跟进拟定的日期)”能承接上文，符合题意。故选F。第三部分语言运用（共两节，满分30分）第一节（共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分）阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。Myfamilyalwayshadsomesortofanimalaround,butnoneofthemweretrulymine.Myparentsdidn’tpermitmeto____21____myownuntilIwassevenyearsold.Finally,Iwas____22____tohavemyown____23____,afishcalledGeorge.Isaiditwasmyresponsibilityto____24____it.EveryFridayIwouldcleanouthisbowl.Ifoundmyself____25____invitationstogosomewhereimmediatelyafterschool,becauseIwouldhavetofeedmyfishfirst.EverydayhewouldremindmethatIwas____26____andthatIhadsomeonedependingonme.Oneday,Icamehomefromschoolandheadedtomyroomto____27____George.Ifounda____28____thinghadhappened.I____29____mybagandranovertothebowl.IsawmybestfriendGeorgefloatingaroundlifeless.Mymomwalkedintomyroom.Iturnedaroundastearsstartedtowellinmyeyes.“MommyGeorged…d…died.”Withthat_____30_____wordIstartedcryinguncontrollably.MymomcametomysideasIhidmyfaceinmypillows.Suddenly,IrealizedthatGeorgehadn’tjust_____31_____me.Hehadtaughtmewhat_____32_____meant.Ilearneditthroughfeedinghimandcleaninghisbowl.Thismademefeel_____33_____.Tomyseven-year-oldself,thiswasagreat_____34_____.Slowly,asmilecrossedmyface.Georgewasgone._____35_____,thelessonshetaughtmewouldforeverbecarvedintomymemory.21.A.draw B.imagine C.have D.share22.A.doubtful B.excited C.surprised D.afraid23.A.toy B.mind C.time D.pet24.A.takecareof B.makeuseof C.getholdof D.lookforwardto25.A.readingout B.puttingaway C.turningdown D.showingoff26.A.replaced B.recognized C.affected D.needed27.A.feed B.save C.impress D.find28.A.basic B.terrible C.funny D.familiar29.A.dropped B.emptied C.hid D.checked30.A.common B.last C.extra D.new31.A.left B.reminded C.defeated D.chosen32.A.preference B.independence C.difficulty D.responsibility33.A.safe B.good C.sorry D.tired34.A.agreement B.treatment C.disappointment D.achievement35.A.Otherwise B.Besides C.However D.Therefore【答案】21.C22.B23.D24.A25.C26.D27.A28.B29.A30.B31.A32.D33.B34.D35.C【解析】【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了在作者7岁的时候，妈妈给了他一个宠物，一条名为George的鱼。作者觉得照顾好这条鱼是他的责任。后来George死了，但是George教会了他什么叫责任。【21题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：我的父母直到我七岁才允许我拥有自己的（宠物）。A.draw画画；B.imagine想象；C.have有；D.share分享。根据下文“Iwas____2____tohavemyown”可知，作者直到7岁才被允许拥有自己的宠物。故选C。【22题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：最后，我很高兴有了自己的宠物，一条叫乔治的鱼。A.doubtful怀疑的；B.excited兴奋的；C.surprised惊讶的；D.afraid害怕的。根据上文“Myfamilyalwayshadsomesortofanimalaround,butnoneofthemweretrulymine.”可知，作者一直没有自己的宠物，现在有了，应该是很兴奋。故选B。【23题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意同上。A.toy玩具；B.mind思想；C.time时间；D.pet宠物。根据“afishcalledGeorge.”可知，这条叫George的鱼是作者的宠物。故选D。【24题详解】考查动词短语辨析。句意：我说过照顾好它是我的责任。A.takecareof照顾；B.makeuseof利用；C.getholdof抓住；D.lookforwardto期待。根据下文“EveryFridayIwouldcleanouthisbowl.”可知，作者觉得自己有责任照顾好这条鱼。故选A。【25题详解】考查动词短语辨析。句意：我发现自己会拒绝放学后马上去某个地方的邀请，因为我得先喂鱼。A.readingout大声读；B.puttingaway把……收起来；C.turningdown拒绝，调小；D.showingoff炫耀。根据“becauseIwouldhavetofeedmyfishfirst.”可知，因为要喂鱼，作者拒绝了同学的邀请。故选C。【26题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：每天他都会提醒我，有人需要我，有人在依靠着我。A.replaced代替；B.recognized识别；C.affected影响；D.needed需要。根据“thatIhadsomeonedependingonme.”可知，作者觉得George需要他。故选D。【27题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：一天，我从学校回到家，去我的房间喂乔治。A.feed喂养；B.save拯救；C.impress给……留下深刻印象；D.find找到。根据上文“Ifoundmyself____5____invitationstogosomewhereimmediatelyafterschool,becauseIwouldhavetofeedmyfishfirst.”可知，作者每天回家第一件事就是喂George。故选A。【28题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我发现发生了一件可怕的事情。A.basic基础的；B.terrible可怕的；C.funny有趣的；D.familiar熟悉的。根据““Mommy,Georged…d…died.””可知，George死了，这对作者来说是一件可怕的事情。故选B。29题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：我扔下包，跑到鱼缸边。A.dropped使落下；B.emptied倒空，腾空；C.hid隐藏；D.checked检查。根据“Oneday,Icamehomefromschool”可知，此处指作者放下书包。故选A。【30题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：说完最后一个字，我不由自主地哭了起来。A.common普通的；B.last最后的；C.extra额外的；D.new新的。根据“Istartedcryinguncontrollably.”可知，这里是指作者哭之前说完的最后一个字。故选B。【31题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：突然，我意识到乔治并没有离开我。A.left离开；B.reminded提醒；C.defeated打败；D.chosen选择。根据下文“Hehadtaughtmewhat____12____meant.Ilearneditthroughfeedinghimandcleaninghisbowl.”可知，坐着觉得George没有离开自己。故选A。【32题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：他教会了我责任的意义。A.preference偏爱；B.independence独立；C.difficulty困难；D.responsibility责任。根据上文“Isaiditwasmyresponsibilityto____4____it.”可知，此处是信息词responsibility的词汇复现。故选D。【33题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：这让我感觉很好。A.safe安全的；B.good好的；C.sorry抱歉的；D.tired劳累的。根据“Hehadtaughtmewhat____12____meant.Ilearneditthroughfeedinghimandcleaninghisbowl.”可知，作者觉得自己通过喂鱼和清理鱼缸学会了责任的意义，这让他感觉很好。故选B。【34题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：对7岁的我来说，这是一个伟大的成就。A.agreement同意；B.treatment治疗；C.disappointment失望；D.achievement成就。根据上文“Hehadtaughtmewhat____12____meant”可知，作者认为在自己这个年龄学会责任的意义是一个伟大的成就。故选D。【35题详解】考查副词词义辨析。句意：然而，他教给我的教训将永远铭刻在我的记忆中。A.Otherwise否则；B.Besides此外；C.However然而；D.Therefore因此。上文提到“George去世了”，下文提到“他教给我的教训将永远铭刻在我的记忆中。”，上下文形成转折关系。故选C。第二节（共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。Haveyoueverwonderedwhatlifeislikenow____36____(compare)to,say,the1980sorthe1990s?IwenttoasksomepeopleIknowwhowereadultsinthe‘80sand90s’,andtheanswerIgotwasthat“Overall,lifeisalot___37___(good)now!”Thisdidn’treallysurpriseme.Imean,thesedayswe’vegotmobilephonesandtheinternetandsoon—but____38____(actual)thoseweren’tthethingstheytalkedabout.Sowhatdidtheytalkabout?For____39____start,wedon’thavetoworkphysicallyhardsincenowtherearealotofthingslikedishwashersforhousework.Thenthere’sthematterofhow,thesedays,__