辽宁省葫芦岛市高三英语上学期期末考试试题（含解析）

辽宁省葫芦岛市2021届高三英语上学期期末考试试题（含解析）考生注意：1.试卷满分150分，考试时间120分钟。2.本考试分设试卷和答题纸。试卷包括Ⅰ卷和Ⅱ卷两部分。3.答题前，务必在答题纸上按要求填写信息，并将核对后的条形码贴在指定位置上。作答必须涂或写在答题纸上，在试卷上作答一律不得分。Ⅰ卷部分的作答必须涂在答题纸上相应的区域，Ⅱ卷部分的作答必须写在答题纸上与试卷题号对应的位置。第Ⅰ卷（三部分，共95分）第一部分听力（共两节，满分30分）第一节（共5小题；每小题分，满分分）听下面5段对话，每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。1.WhereisBobnow?A.InTokyo.B.InParis.C.InNewYork.2.Whatdoesthemanplantodohere?A.Tutorastudent.B.Haveameeting.C.Prepareforalecture.3.WhatisTomdoing?A.Makingamodelplane.B.Playingputergames.C.Organizingapetition.4.Whatarethespeakerstalkingabout?A.Whentovisitthecity.B.Whichpostcardtopick.C.WhattobuyforJim'ssister.5.Whyisthewomanworried?A.Shemissedherbus.B.Shelosthercellphone.C.Shecan'tfindherchild.第二节（共15小题；每小题分，满分分）听下面5段对话或独白，每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟；听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。听下面一段对话，回答第6和第7两个小题。6.Whatmakesthemanexcited?A.Apayrise.B.Avacation.C.Apromotion.7.Whatistherelationshipbetweenthespeakers?A.Colleagues.B.Friends.C.Acouple.听下面一段对话，回答第8和第9两个小题。8.Whatdoesthemanpromisethewomantodo?A.Repairherbike.B.Takesomepictures.C.Teachherbasketball.9.Whatwillthewomantake?A.Aguitar.B.AniPad.C.Acellphone.听下面一段对话，回答第10至第12三个小题。10.WhatisJason'sfavoritesubjectnow?A.Math.B.Science.C.History.11.WhoisgoingtolearnChinese?A.Marisa.B.Jean.C.Jason.12.HowdoesTonyfindhistory?A.boring.B.Interesting.C.Difficult.听下面一段对话，回答第13至第16四个小题。13Whatwillthewomandotomorrow?A.Visitsickkids.B.Gotoseeadoctor.C.Collecthospitalstories.14.Whenwillthewomangotothehospital?A.At7:00.B.At8:00.C.At8:30.15.Whatdoesthemanvolunteertodo?A.Cleanupcityparks.B.Keeporderatthestation.C.Helppolicemenwiththetraffic.16.Whatdayisittoday?A.Friday.B.Saturday.C.Sunday.听下面一段独白，回答第17至第20四个小题。17.InwhichmonthistheSeaWorldclosed?A.February.B.March.C.April.18.Wherecanvisitorsseetheshortfilmaboutthesea?A.Inthehalls.B.Inthediningroom.C.IntheVisitorCenter.19.Whatisthechildren'sfavoriteshow?A.Thewhaleshow.B.Theturtleshow.C.Thedolphinshow.20.Howmuchisaticketfora6yearoldkid?A.￥60.B.￥80.C.￥160.第二部分阅读（共两节，满分50分）第一节（共15小题；每小题分，满分分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。AGreatActivitiesforNatureLoversHikingOneoftheeasiestandmostaccessiblewaystogetclosetonatureisbysettingoutonagoodoldfashionedhike.Hikinggenerallydoesn’trequireanyfancyequipmentorspecialskills,justapieceofmapandathirstforadventure.Thisactivitycanbeasrelaxingasyoumakeit.BackcountryCampingWhylimityourselftojustadayhikewhenyoucanhaveafullweekend(orlonger)adventure?Backcountrycampinginvolvespackingyourtent,sleepinggear,food,andwateronyourbacktosetupcampinaremotelocation.Ifyou’reanexperiencedhikerandcamper,thisisanexcellentwaytotestyoursurvivalskillsandexplorethewilderness.MountainandRoadBikingUnlikelonghikesthroughthewoods,bikingallowsyoutocovermoregroundandtravelfartherinnature.Mountainbikingtypicallyinvolvesridingupanddownsteepslopes,betweentrees,andoverrocks.Ifthissoundstoointenseoryourtiresaren’tsuitedforruggedterrain,considertakingaroadbikeonpavedtrailsthroughforestpreservesoralongcountryroads.GardeningContrarytopopularbelief,youdon’thavetotravelbeyondyourownbackyardtoexperiencethebeautyofnatureeveryday.Ifyourpersonalityislessadventurousoryourmobilityrestricted,considerplantingagardentogrowyourownvegetables,fruits,herbs,orflowers.There’ssomethingtrulysatisfyingaboutmixingupasaladwithfreshingredientsyougrewyourself.Oneofthebestpartsaboutspendingtimeinnatureisthatitdoesn’thavetobreakyourbudgetandanyonecandoit.1.Whatdoeshikingneedforhikers?A.Aworldmap. B.Astrongdesire.C.Practicalskills. D.Necessaryequipment.2.Wherewillyougotoshowyoursurvivalpotentialinthewild?A.Toabackyard. B.Toaforest.C.Toamountain. D.Toadistantplace.3.Whichofthefollowingcantakeyoutotravelfarthest?A.Hiking B.BackcountryCampingC.Gardening. D.MountainandRoadBiking【答案】1.B2.D3.D【解析】这是一篇应用文。文章介绍了几种亲近大自然的户外活动。【1题详解】细节理解题。由第一段中的“Hikinggenerallydoesn’trequireanyfancyequipmentorspecialskills,justapieceofmapandathirstforadventure.”（徒步旅行一般不需要任何花哨的设备或特殊技能，只要一张地图和对冒险的渴望。），可知徒步旅行需要对冒险强烈的欲望。故选B项。【2题详解】细节理解题。由第二段中的“Backcountrycampinginvolvespackingyourtent,sleepinggear,food,andwateronyourbacktosetupcampinaremotelocation.Ifyou’reanexperiencedhikerandcamper,thisisanexcellentwaytotestyoursurvivalskillsandexplorethewilderness.”（野外露营包括在你的背上打包你的帐篷，睡具，食物和水去一个偏远的地方露营。如果你是一个有经验的徒步旅行者和野营者，这是一个测试你的生存技能和探索荒野的好方法。），可知在一个遥远的地方可以展示你在野外生存的潜力。故选D项。【3题详解】推理判断题。由第三段中的“Unlikelonghikesthroughthewoods,bikingallowsyoutocovermoregroundandtravelfartherinnature.”（与穿越森林的长途远足不同，骑自行车可以让你在大自然中经过更多的土地和走更远的距离。），可推断出山地和公路自行车旅行可以让你旅行到很远的地方。故选D项。BChinaisoneofthefirstcountriestobreedamedicalculture.InparisonwithWesternmethods,traditionalChinesemedicine(TCM)adoptsavastlydifferentapproach.Forthousandsofyears,Chinesepeoplehaveaccumulatedrichexperienceinfightingallsortsofdiseases,thereforeformingauniquemedicaltheoryundertheguidanceofancientChinesephilosophies(哲学).ThecorebehindTCMisthatthehumanbody'slifeistheconsequence(结果)ofthebalancebetweenYinandYang.Yangfunctionstosafeguardusagainstouterharm,andYinistheinnerbasetostoreandprovideenergy.Whenthebalancebetweenthetwoaspectsisdisturbed,peoplefallill.OneofthetraditionaltechniquesofTCM,acupuncture(针刺疗法)meansinsertionofneedlesintosuperficial(表面的)structuresofthebody—usuallyatacupoints(穴位)—torestoretheYinYangbalance.Itisoftenacpaniedbymoxibustion(艾灸疗法),whichinvolvesburningmugwortonorneartheskinatanacupoint.ThefirstknowntextthatclearlytalksaboutsomethinglikeacupunctureandmoxibustionasitispracticedtodayisTheYellowEmperor'sInnerCanon.ItistheearliestandmostimportantwrittenworkofTCMandisconsideredthefundamentalandmostrepresentativemedicaltextinChina.Acupunctureandmoxibustionhavearousedtheinterestofinternationalmedicalsciencecircles.AndTCMisgraduallygainingworldwiderecognition.TheWHOissuedadocumentin2002thatappealedtomorethan180countriestoadoptTCMasanalternativeintheirmedicalpolicies.In2010,acupunctureandmoxibustionoftraditionalChinesemedicinewereaddedtotheRepresentativeListoftheIntangibleCulturalHeritageofHumanitybytheUNESCO.Presently,TCMhasbeenbackinthenewsforitseffectivenessinimprovingthecurerateoftheCOVID19sinceitsoutbreakinJanuary2020.4.WhatisthekeyfeatureofTCM?A.Itadoptsdifferentmedicalapproaches. B.It'sbasedonancientChinesephilosophies.C.Ithelpstorestorebody'sselfbalance. D.It'sgainedexperiencethroughrichpractice.5.WhatcanwelearnaboutTheYellowEmperor'sInnerCanonfromthetext?A.Itdistinguishesacupuncturefrommoxibustion.B.It'safoundationofworldmedicalresearch.C.itstressestheimportanceofusingacupoints.D.ItgreatlycontributestothedevelopmentofTCM.6.Whydoesthewriterwritethistext?A.ToreviewthedevelopmentofTCM. B.TointroduceTCMtotheworld.C.TotellTCMandWesternmedicineapart. D.ToargueforTCMinfightingCOVID19.7.Whatmightbetalkedaboutintheparagraphfollowingthetext?A.HowTCMhelpsinthecurrentsituation. B.WhyTCMisgainingpopularity.C.WhyTCMgetsrecognitionfromWHO. D.HowothercountriesadoptTCM.【答案】4.C5.D6.B7.A【解析】这是一篇说明文。文章讲述了，中国传统的中医文化，它与西医不同，有着独特的理论和治疗体系，针灸引起了国际医学界的关注。【4题详解】细节理解题。由第二段“ThecorebehindTCMisthatthehumanbody'slifeistheconsequence(结果)ofthebalancebetweenYinandYang.Yangfunctionstosafeguardusagainstouterharm,andYinistheinnerbasetostoreandprovideenergy.Whenthebalancebetweenthetwoaspectsisdisturbed,peoplefallill.”（中医学的核心是人体的生命是阴阳平衡的结果。阳的功能是保护我们免受外界的伤害，而阴是储存和提供能量的内在基础。当这两方面的平衡被打破时，人们就会生病。）和第三段中的“OneofthetraditionaltechniquesofTCM,acupuncture(针刺疗法)meansinsertionofneedlesintosuperficial(表面的)structuresofthebody—usuallyatacupoints(穴位)—torestoretheYinYangbalance.”（针灸是中医传统技术之一，是指将针头插入身体的浅表结构，通常在穴位处恢复阴阳平衡。），可知身体阴阳平衡被打破时，人们就会生病，而中医（例如针灸）的核心就是通过中医技巧恢复身体的自我平衡，达到阴阳平衡。故选C项。【5题详解】推理判断题。由第四段“ThefirstknowntextthatclearlytalksaboutsomethinglikeacupunctureandmoxibustionasitispracticedtodayisTheYellowEmperor'sInnerCanon.ItistheearliestandmostimportantwrittenworkofTCMandisconsideredthefundamentalandmostrepresentativemedicaltextinChina.”（已知的第一个明确提到针灸之类的东西的著作是《黄帝内经》。它是中医学最早、最重要的著作，被认为是我国最基本、最具代表性的医学著作。），可知《黄帝内经》是我国最基本、最具代表性的医学著作，说明《黄帝内经》在中国医学史上占有重要地位，肯定也为后来中医的发展提供了基础，为中医药的发展做出了巨大的贡献。故选D项。【6题详解】推理判断题。第一段引入“不同于西医的中国医学——中医学”，第二段讲“中医的核心就是通过中医技巧恢复身体的阴阳平衡”，第三段讲“中医传统技艺——针灸”，第四段讲“为中医药发展做出了巨大贡献的著作《黄帝内经》”，第五段讲“针灸已引起国际医学界的兴趣，中医药正逐渐得到世界的认可”，可知文章主要向读者介绍了中医，因此作者写这篇文章的目的是向世界介绍中医药。故选B项。【7题详解】推理判断题。由最后一段中的“Acupunctureandmoxibustionhavearousedtheinterestofinternationalmedicalsciencecircles.TheWHOissuedadocumentin2002thatappealedtomorethan180countriestoadoptTCMasanalternativeintheirmedicalpolicies.”（针灸已引起国际医学界的兴趣。中医药正逐渐得到世界的认可。世卫组织在2002年发布了一份文件，呼吁180多个国家在其医疗政策中采用中医药作为替代品。）和“Presently,TCMhasbeenbackinthenewsforitseffectivenessinimprovingthecurerateoftheCOVID19sinceitsoutbreakinJanuary2020.”（目前，中医药因其在提高COVID19治愈率方面的有效性而重新成为新闻，自从COVID19在2020年1月爆发。），可知中医药的价值正逐渐得到世界的认可，而中医药在提高COVID19治愈率方面的有效性更佐证了它的价值，文章接下来可能就中医如何帮助解决目前的情况来展开。故选A项。CItusedtobemostlythemilitarythatusedsmall,unpilotedaircraft,called"drones".Thelittleplaneswereverycostly.Butastheyhavedroppedinpricemorepeoplehavebeguntousethem.Rescueworkersandfarmersareamongthenewusers.Thefastrateofthedevelopmentofputertechnology,imagesensingdevices,satellitenavigationandsmartphoneshasledtolowerpriceddrones.Researchersanddevelopershavelearnedhowtobuildsmallerandlesscostlydrones,Moviemakersareusingdronestofilmfromthesky.Historiansusethemwhentheyexploreancientbuildings.Rescueworkersusethemtolookforpeople.Andnowfarmersareusingthemtowatchovertheircrops.RomainFarouxisaFrenchbusinessmanwhostartspanies.Hisfatherwasafarmer.Hebelieveddronescouldhelpfarmers.Hehelpedcreateapanythatdevelopedasmalldronethatcouldbecontrolledbypeopleontheground.Theycalledit"Agridrone".Itusesaspecial"opticalsensor"toexaminecrops.Thetechnologyusedissimilartothatusedbysmartphonesexceptithaswings.Aputerprogramdirectsthedronetoflyoverthecrops.Thesensoronthedronerecordsfourdifferentcolored"bands"ofsunlightthatarereflectedoffthecrops.JeanBaptisteBruggemanisafarmer.Hesaysthedronefliesoverhiscropsatdifferenttimesoftheseason.Hesaysthisprovidesalotofinformationabouthiscrops.Thedronepicturesshowhimtheexactamountoffertilizerthecropsneed.Italsoshowsexactlywherethefertilizerisneeded.RomainFarouxsaysfarmersuseinformationcollectedbytheAgridronetoplacefertilizeronlyinareaswhereitwasneeded.Thissavesmoneyandreducespollution.Beforetheyusedthedrones,farmerswouldputthesameamountoffertilizereverywhere.Dronesalsosavetimebecausefarmerscanexamineuptothreehectareinaboutaminute.8.Whydorescueworkersandfarmersbegintousedrones?A.Dronescanmonitortheircattle. B.Drones'priceshavedropped.C.Dronescanhelpthemgetmorebusiness. D.Drones'sizesbeesmaller.9.WhatcanthedronesdevelopedbyRomainFarour'spanydo?A.Exploreancientbuildings. B.Putfertilizeronthecrops.C.Helpfarmersexaminetheircrops. D.Helprescueworkerslookforpeople.10.Whatcanthesensoronthedronedo?A.Helpthesunlightshinethecrops. B.Directtheplanetoflyoverthecrop.C.Examinethedifferentcolorsofthe. D.Recordthesunlightreflectedoffthecrops.11.Accordingtothetext,theuseofthedroneis_________.A.environmentfriendly B.wasteful C.costly D.safe【答案】8.B9.C10.D11.A【解析】这是一篇说明文。无人机曾是军方专用的飞行器，但是现在它被应用于越来越多的领域。文章介绍了一位法国商人创建了一家公司，开发了一种可以由地面人员控制的小型无人机，可以帮助法国农民检查庄稼，同时这种无人机还可以给农民提供施肥信息，更加环保。【8题详解】细节理解题。根据第一段中“Butastheyhavedroppedinpricemorepeoplehavebeguntousethem.Rescueworkersandfarmersareamongthenewusers.(但随着价格的下降，越来越多的人开始使用它们。救援人员和农民都是新用户)”可知，救援人员和农民开始使用无人机，是因为无人机的价格下降了。故选B。【9题详解】细节理解题。根据第三段中“Hehelpedcreateapanythatdevelopedasmalldronethatcouldbecontrolledbypeopleontheground.Theycalledit"Agridrone".Itusesaspecial"opticalsensor"toexaminecrops.(他帮助创建了一家公司，该公司开发了一种可以由地面人员控制的小型无人机。他们称之为“农业无人机”。它使用一种特殊的“光学传感器”来检测农作物)”可知，RomainFarour公司研发的无人机能帮助农民检查他们的庄稼。故选C。【10题详解】细节理解题。根据第三段中“Thesensoronthedronerecordsfourdifferentcolored"bands"ofsunlightthatarereflectedoffthecrops.(无人机上的传感器记录农作物反射的四种不同颜色的“波段”阳光)”可知，无人机上的传感器能记录农作物反射的阳光。故选D。【11题详解】推理判断题。根据最后一段“RomainFarouxsaysfarmersuseinformationcollectedbytheAgridronetoplacefertilizeronlyinareaswhereitwasneeded.Thissavesmoneyandreducespollution.Beforetheyusedthedrones,farmerswouldputthesameamountoffertilizereverywhere.Dronesalsosavetimebecausefarmerscanexamineuptothreehectareinaboutaminute.(RomainFaroux说，农民利用农业无人机收集的信息，只在需要化肥的地方施肥。这节省了资金，减少了污染。在使用无人机之前，农民会在各地撒同样数量的肥料。无人机还可以节省时间，因为农民可以在大约一分钟内检查三公顷的土地)”可推知，无人机的使用是环保的。故选A。DAcrossBritain,burnttoastwillbeservedtomothersinbedthismorningasoldersonsanddaughtersrushtodelivertheirsupermarketbunchesofflowers.But,accordingtoanewstudy,weshouldbeplacingahighervalueonmotherhoodallyear.Mothershavelongknownthattheirhomeworkloadwasjustasheavyaspaidwork.Now,thenewstudyhasshownthatiftheywerepaidfortheirparentallabours,theywouldearnasmuchas$172,000ayear.Thestudylookedattherangeofjobsmothersdo,aswellasthehourstheyareworking,todeterminethefigure.Thiswouldmaketheiryearlyine$30,000morethanthePrimeMinisterearns.Byanalysingthenumbers,itfoundtheaveragemotherworks119hoursaweek,40ofwhichwouldusuallybepaidatastandardrateand79hoursasovertime.Afterquestioning1,000motherswithchildrenunder18,itfoundthat,onmostdays,mumsstartedtheirroutineworkat7amandfinishedataround11pm.Tocalculatejusthowmuchmotherswouldearnfromthatlabour,itsuggestedsomeoftherolesthatmumscouldtakeon,includinghousekeeper,parttimelawyer,personaltrainerandentertainer.Beingaparttimelawyer,at£48.98anhour,wouldprovetobethemostprofitableofthe“mumjobs”,withpsychologist(心理学家)aclosesecond.Italsoaskedmothersaboutthechallengestheyface,with80percentmakingemotionaldemandasthehardestthingaboutmotherhood.Overathirdof.mumsfelttheyneededmoretrainingandaroundhalfsaidtheymissedgoingoutwithfriends.ThestudyshowsmothersmatterallyearlongandnotjustonMother’sDay.Theemotional,physicalandmentalenergymothersdevotetotheir,childrencanbeneverending,butchildrenarealsosourcesofgreatjoyandhappiness.Investing(投入)intimeforparentingandraisingrelationshipsismoneywellspent.12.HowmuchwouldamotherearnayearifworkingasthePrimeMinister?A.£30,000. B.£142,000.C.£172,000. D.£202,000.13.Thebiggestchallengeformostmothersisfrom.A.emotionaldemand B.lowpayforworkC.heavyworkload D.lackoftraining14Whatisstressedinthelastparagraph?A.Mothers’importanceshowsinfamilyallyearlong.B.Thesacrificesmothersmakearehugebutworthwhile.C.Mothers’devotiontochildrencanhardlybecalculated.D.Investingtimeinparentingwouldbringafinancialreturn.15.Whatcanweconcludefromthestudy?A.Mothers，workinghoursshouldbelargelyreduced.B.Mothersshouldbalancetheirtimeforworkandrest.C.Mothers’labourisofahighervaluethanitisrealised.D.Mothersshouldbefreedfromhouseworkforsociallife.【答案】12.B13.A14.B15.C【解析】这是一篇说明文。母亲是伟大的，人们对母亲的重视不应该只局限于在母亲节这天给母亲买鲜花礼物上。调查表明母亲在日常生活中的付出如果用钱来支付的话她们能挣到多达每年￡172,000，所以人们要尊重母亲，要每天都感恩母亲。【12题详解】细节理解题。根据第二段thenewstudyhasshownthatiftheywerepaidfortheirparentallabours,theywouldearnasmuchas￡172,000ayear.现在，新的研究表明，如果他们的父母工作得到报酬，他们一年能挣172，000美元。和第三段Thiswouldmaketheiryearlyine￡30,000morethanthePrimeMinisterearns.这将使他们的年收入比首相多3万英镑。可知总理的工资应该是￡172,000￡30,000=￡142,000，故选B。【13题详解】细节理解题。根据第六段Italsoaskedmothersaboutthechallengestheyface,with80percentmakingemotional(情感的)demandasthehardestthingaboutmotherhood.可知，调查还询问了母亲们面临的挑战，80%的人认为情感需求是做母亲最大的需求。所以大多数母亲面临的最大挑战是来自情感的需求，故选A。【14题详解】推理判断题。根据末段Theemotional,physicalandmentalenergymothersdevotetotheir,childrencanbeneverending,butchildrenarealsosourcesofgreatjoyandhappiness.Investing(投入)intimeforparentingandraisingrelationshipsismoneywellspent.可知，母亲为孩子们付出的情感、身体和精神上的能量是无穷无尽的，但孩子们也是巨大的快乐和幸福的源泉。把时间花在养育子女和培养关系上是值得的，由此判断出最后一段强调母亲做出的牺牲是巨大的，但也是值得的。故选B。【15题详解】推理判断题。根据第二段Now,thenewstudyhasshownthatiftheywerepaidfortheirparentallabours,theywouldearnasmuchas$172,000ayear.现在，新的研究表明，如果他们的父母工作得到报酬，他们一年能挣172，000美元。现在，新的研究表明，如果他们的父母工作得到报酬，他们一年能挣172，000美元。根据第四段Byanalysingthenumbers,itfoundtheaveragemotherworks119hoursaweek,40ofwhichwouldusuallybepaidatastandardrateand79hoursasovertime.Afterquestioning1,000motherswithchildrenunder18,itfoundthat,onmostdays,mumsstartedtheirroutineworkat7amandfinishedataround11pm.通过分析这些数字，研究发现，母亲平均每周工作119小时，其中40小时通常按标准工资支付，79小时为加班费。调查了1000名18岁以下的母亲后发现，大多数情况下，母亲早上7点开始日常工作，晚上11点左右结束。由此推断出母亲的劳动价值比人们想象的要高。故选C。第二节（共5小题；每小题分，满分分）根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。Misinformationcanspreadthroughphonetextsandsocialmediaasfastasavirus,sometimesevenfaster.___16___?Herearesomeofthemosteffectivestepstoidentifyandstopit.Checkthesource___17___.Itiswhymisinformationtravelsfastonsocialmedia,whereeveryonesaystheyhearditfromafriendofafriend.Becarefulofsuchhearsaysandrefertosuchreliablesourcesasgovernmentagenciesortrustednewspaperwebsitesbeforeitcanbetakenseriously.Also,becarefulofinformationfromunknownorlittleknowngroupsornewsorganizations.___18___Anyonesearchingfortrueinformationneedstoactalittlelikeareporter.Rememberthereisadifferencebetweennewsandstories.Newsshouldbesupportedbyevidencetobedependable.___19___.Picturesaresaidtobeworthathousandwords.Butevenphotographscanbeeditedandchanged.Evenuntouchedimagescanbefalse.Forexample,oldimagescanbepresentedasnew.Again,ithelpstolookforthesource.Google'simagesearchcanhelpfindwhereaphotocamefrom.DonotimmediatelyrepostwhatyouseeA2018Twitterstudyfoundthatfalsenewstravelsfasterthanrealnews,oftenmuchfaster.Thatisbecausethesestoriesoftenuselanguagedesignedtocreatestrongemotionalreaction.___20___.ItisalsofoundthatmisinformationspreadsquicklybecausepeopleretweetstoriesbasedonheadlinesSoreadthewholestory,investigatethesourceandconsidercarefullybeforerepostingtopreventthespreadoffalseinformation.A.ActlikeajournalistB.HowtosearchfortrueinformationC.AlsobecarefulthatevenimagescanlieD.HowcanweseparatewhatistrueandwhatisnotE.TheyalwaysseektoconnectwithpublicfearorangerF.EmotionalreactionplaysnopartwhenpeoplepostinformationG.Humannaturemakesusmorelikelytobelievethingsourfriendstellus【答案】16.D17.G18.A19.C20.E【解析】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了几个识别虚假网络信息并阻断其传播的方法。【16题详解】根据上文“Misinformationcanspreadthroughphonetextsandsocialmediaasfastasavirus,sometimesevenfaster.(虚假网络信息在短信和社交媒体上的传播速度可以和病毒一样快，有时甚至更快)”以及后文“Herearesomeofthemosteffectivestepstoidentifyandstopit.(以下是一些最有效的识别并阻断其传播的方法)”可知，本句起承上启下作用，指出该如何区分真假信息的问题。故D选项“我们怎样才能区分什么是真的，什么不是真的呢？”符合语境。故选D。【17题详解】根据后文“Itiswhymisinformationtravelsfastonsocialmedia,whereeveryonesaystheyhearditfromafriendofafriend.(在社交媒体上，虚假信息传播主要是靠朋友间口口相传，所以传播得特别快)”可推知，本句是在说明虚假信息通过朋友传播特别快的原因，故G选项“因为人们倾向于相信自己的朋友”符合语境。故选G。【18题详解】根据后文“Anyonesearchingfortrueinformationneedstoactalittlelikeareporter.Rememberthereisadifferencebetweennewsandstories.Newsshouldbesupportedbyevidencetobedependable.(任何想要获得真实信息的人都需要像记者一样行动。记住，新闻和故事是有区别的。新闻必须有证据支持才能可靠)”可知，这一小节主要是强调了受众应该像记者一样学会甄别信息中的论据及图片等的真实性，后文中actalittlelikeareporter.与A选项Actlikeajournalist相对应。故A选项“像记者一样行动”符合小标题。故选A。【19题详解】根据后文“Picturesaresaidtobeworthathousandwords.Butevenphotographscanbeeditedandchanged.Evenuntouchedimagescanbefalse.Forexample,oldimagescanbepresentedasnew.(据说图片胜过千言万语。但即使是照片也可以编辑和修改。即使是未经编辑的图像也可能是假的。例如，旧图像可以作为新图像显示)”可知，后文主要说明了图片也可能传播错误信息。后文中images与C选项中images相对应。故C选项“还要注意，即使是图像也会说谎”符合语境。故选C。【20题详解】根据上文“Thatisbecausethesestoriesoftenuselanguagedesignedtocreatestrongemotionalreaction.(这是因为这些故事经常使用激发强烈情感的语言)”可知，本句承接上文继续说明使用能够激发人们强烈情感的语言的故事所产生的影响，且E选项中They指代上文thesestories。故E选项“它们试图激发公众的恐慌或愤怒”符合语境。故选E。第三部分语言运用（共两节，满分30分）第一节完形填空（共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分）阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。ZwickhadbeenflyingfromOrlandotoPhiladelphiawithher11montholddaughterLucyearlierthisweek.Sincethebabysufferedfromlungdisease,thetwoofthemwereheadingtotheChildren'sHospitalofPhiladelphiafor____21____."Iwaspushingasuitcase,hadadiaper(尿布)bagonmyarmandwasalsodragginganoxygenmachineformydaughter,"wroteZwickinanopenFacebook____22____tothepassenger.Astheysatdownontheirseats,however,Zwickwas____23____toseeaflightattendantbyaflightattendantwhosaidamaninfirstclasswantedto____24____seatswithher."Notabletoholdback____25____,Icriedmywayuptheaisle(过道)."wroteZwick."Ismiledandthankedyouasweexchangedbutdidn'tgettothankyou____26____.So…thankyou.Notjustfortheseatitselfbutfor____27____.Forseeingusandrealizingthatmaybethingsarenotalways____28____."Zwick'sFacebookletterwassharedhundredsofthousandsoftimesuntilAmericanAirlinesfinallyfoundthe____29____man:46yearoldJasonKunselman.KunselmansaysthathehimselfwasbroughttotearswhenhesawZwickandLucyboardingtheplanewithalloftheirmedicalequipment."I____30____toseeherinthefrontsinceshehadtheoxygenmachinewithher____31____whenIboardedshewasintheback.SoIaskedtheflightattendantifshethoughttheyoungladywiththebabywouldbemore____32____inmyseat."Kunselmansaysthathedidnotthinkmuchofthegooddeeduntilhiswife____33____Zwick'sFacebookpostdayslater.AmericanAirlineshassince____34____thetwopassengersonsocialmediasotheycouldexpresstheirappreciationforeachother,andtheairlinesaysthattheysoonplanonformallythankingKunselmanforhis____35____behavior.21.A.advice B.help C.support D.treatment22.A.email B.note C.letter D.message23.A.disappointed B.surprised C.nervous D.worried24A.switch B.check C.link D.share25A.laughs B.fears C.voices D.tears26.A.properly B.casually C.immediately D.normal27.A.caring B.helping C.noticing D.respecting28.A.right B.fair C.happy D.easy29.A.brave B.mysterious C.polite D.modest30.A.wanted B.hoped C.expected D.demanded31.A.but B.and C.so D.or32.A.satisfied B.fortable C.difficult D.embarrassed33.A.received B.understood C.saw D.recognized34.A.connected B.greeted C.thanked D.visited35.A.honest B.smart C.careful D.generous【答案】21.D22.C23.B24.A25.D26.A27.C28.D29.B30.C31.A32.B33.C34.A35.D【解析】这是一篇记叙文。文章主要记叙了46岁的男子JasonKunselman出于好心在飞机上主动提出将自己头等舱的位置换给了带孩子去看病的Zwick，事后Zwick把这件事发布到了Facebook上，感谢Kunselman。这封Facebook信被分享了数十万次，直到美国航空公司最终找到了Kunselman，美国航空公司在社交媒体上联系了这两名乘客，他们互相表达了感谢之情。美国航空公司表示，他们计划很快正式感谢Kunselman的慷慨行为。【21题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：由于婴儿患有肺病，他们两人前往费城儿童医院接受治疗。A.advice建议；B.help帮助；C.support支持；D.treatment治疗。结合上文“Sincethebabysufferedfromlungdisease,thetwoofthemwereheadingtotheChildren'sHospitalofPhiladelphiafor”可知婴儿得了肺病，所以是去儿童医院治疗的。故选D。【22题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：“我推着一个行李箱，胳膊上挎着一个尿布袋，还为我女儿拖着一个氧气机，”Zwick在Facebook上给这位乘客公开的信中写道。A.email邮件；B.note笔记；C.letter信；D.message信息。对应后文“Zwick'sFacebookletterwasshared”可知Zwick在Facebook上写了封信。故选C。【23题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：然而，当他们坐到座位上时，Zwick惊讶地听到一位空乘人员说，头等舱的一名男子想和她换座位。A.disappointed失望的；B.surprised惊讶的；C.nervous紧张的；D.worried担心的。根据后文可知Zwick与这个男子并不认识，但是男子却要和Zwick换座位，所以Zwick对此感到惊讶。故选B。【24题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：然而，当他们坐到座位上时，Zwick惊讶地听到一位空乘人员说，头等舱的一名男子想和她换座位。A.switch切换；B.check检查；C.link连接；D.share分享。根据后文“seatswithher”以及“asweexchanged”可知男子是要和Zwick换座位。故选A。【25题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：Zwick写道：“我忍不住流下眼泪，一路哭着走过过道。”A.laughs笑；B.fears害怕；C.voices嗓音；D.tears眼泪。根据后文“Icriedmywayuptheaisle”可知面对陌生人的好心，Zwick忍不住留下了眼泪。故选D。【26题详解】考查副词词义辨析。句意：“我们交换座位时，我微笑着感谢你，但我没有正式地好好地感谢你。”A.properly适当地；B.casually随便地；C.immediately立即；D.normal正常的。结合上文“Ismiledandthankedyouasweexchangedbutdidn'tgettothankyou”可知Zwick只是在换座位时，用微笑向对方表示了感谢，所以是指没有好好地正式地给对方道谢，properly符合语境。故选A。【27题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：不只是为了座位本身，而是为了你对我的注意。A.caring关心；B.helping帮助；C.noticing注意到；D.respecting尊重。对应后文“Forseeingus”Zwick为对方注意到了自己的处境而感谢对方。故选C。【28题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：你看到了我们，意识到我们很不容易。A.right正确的；B.fair公平的；C.happy快乐的；D.easy容易的。对应第二段中“Iwaspushingasuitcase,hadadiaperbagonmyarmandwasalsodragginganoxygenmachineformydaughter”Zwick当时拿了很多东西艰难地走过过道，所以是指意识到我们很不容易。故选D。【29题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：Zwick的这封Facebook信被分享了数十万次，直到美国航空公司最终找到了这位神秘男子：46岁的JasonKunselman。A.brave勇敢的；B.mysterious神秘的；C.polite礼貌的；D.modest谦虚的。结合上文可知Zwick之前并不知道和自己换座位的是谁，直到美国航空公司最终找到了这位神秘男子：46岁的JasonKunselman。故选B。【30题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：我本来以为会看到她坐在头等舱，因为她带着氧气机，但是当我登机时，看到她坐在后排。A.wanted想要；B.hoped希望；C.expected期待；D.demanded要求。结合后文“toseeherinthefrontsineshehadtheoxygenmachinewithher”可知，Kunselman看到Zwick带着氧气机，本以为她会去头等舱坐下。故选C。【31题详解】考查连词词义辨析。句意：我本来以为会看到她坐在头等舱，因为她带着氧气机，但是当我登机时，看到她坐在后排。A.but但是；B.and并且；C.so所以；D.or或者。结合前后文语境，可知为转折关系，应用but。故选A。【32题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：于是我问空服员，她是否认为抱着孩子的年轻女士坐在我的座位上会更舒服。A.satisfied满意的；B.forta