统考版高考英语一轮复习必修4Unit12CultureShock课时提能练含解析北师大版

一轮复习精品资料(高中)PAGE1-课时提能练(二十三)必修4Unit12CultureShock(A)Ⅰ.阅读理解A(2020·合肥市第二次教学质量检测)Peopleoftentalkaboutculturaldifferencesbetweenwesternandeasterncountries，buthowaboutthewesternworlditself?Surprisingly，acloserlookatitcanrevealagoodmanycuriousdetails.ThemostobviouscharacteristicofthemajorityofAmericansisthattheysmilealot.Itdoesnotmatterwhethertheyhaveastrongreasontosmile；theydoit，sometimessimplybecausetheyhaveto.Asmileisnotjustapowerfulmarketingtoolbutalsoawaytoshowthatsomeoneisfriendly，andthatlifeingeneralisfine.Europeans，onthecontrary，prefertokeepamoreneutral(不带感情色彩的)facialexpression.Theysmilemostlywhentheyareinagoodmood，orfeelamused；ifnot，aEuropean'sfacewillremainneutral，orevendull.InRussia，forexample，thereisaproverbsayingthatlaughingfornoreasonisasignofafool.ItdoesnotmeanthatEuropeansareserious，orthattheydonothaveasenseofhumor.Thesamereferstocommunicationingeneral.Americansareextremelycommunicative；smalltalksandchatsarecommon.Europeanstalkmostlywhenthereissomethingtosay，andrarelyentercommunicationjustforthepurposeoftalkingtootherpeople.Americanpeopleprefertoexpresswhattheythinkcarefully，consideringhowitmightaffectsurroundingpeople.Europeansaremorestraightforward，evenwithunfamiliarpeople.AEuropeanfriendwillalmostalwaysvoicehisopinionondifferentoccasions，andwillnothesitatetoremindyouthatyouneedtolosesomeweightortakeashower.ItcanbesaidthatAmericansarepeopleofcontrasts.Theyareopen­minded，flexible，andreadytoaccepteverythingnewenthusiastically；butatthesametime，Americansocietymanagestobringupunbelievableconservatives.Americansareextremelypoliticallycorrect，which，inmostcases，isindeedasecureandbeneficialpractice，butitcanalsomessupdailyorevenprivatecommunication，sometimespreventinghavingcloserelationships.Europeans，onthecontrary，aremorestraightforward，preferringtotellthetruthindirectways.Eachwayofcommunicationisdifferent—neitheriscorrectorincorrect.〖语篇解读〗本文主要介绍了西方国家间的文化差异，包括微笑和交流等方面。1．Whatdoestheauthorsayaboutsmiling?A．Itisculture­relatedwithinwesterncountries.B．Itisapowerfulmarketingtoolacrosscultures.C．ItisthoughtofasasignofafoolinAmerica.D．ItisregardedasasocialnecessityinEurope.A〖推理判断题。作者在第二段中讲到了美国人、欧洲人对微笑的不同解读，据此可以推知，在西方国家笑是与文化有关的，故A项正确。〗2．WhatistypicalofEuropeans'communication?A．Beatingaroundthebush.B．Havingsmalltalksandchats.C．Hidingtheirfeelingscarefully.D．Expressingthemselvesopenly.D〖细节理解题。根据第三段中的“Europeansaremorestraightforward...takeashower”可知，欧洲人通常坦诚地表达自己，故选D。A项意为“绕圈子，拐弯抹角地讲话”。〗3．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“it”inthelastparagraphreferto?A．Beingstraightforward.B．Beingpoliticallycorrect.C．Acceptingeverythingnew.D．Raisingunbelievableconservatives.B〖代词指代题。画线词前的“Americansareextremelypoliticallycorrect,which，inmostcases，isindeedasecureandbeneficialpractice”与后面的“messupdailyorevenprivatecommunication”存在转折关系，又结合语境可推知，it指代的应该是美国人的这种政治正确性，故选B。〗4．Howisthetextmainlydeveloped?A．Byanalyzingcauseandeffect.B．Bymakingcomparisons.C．Byclassifyingbodylanguage.D．Bydiscussingresearchfindings.B〖推理判断题。通读全文可知，作者通过分析美国人和欧洲人对微笑的不同解读以及通常在交际中的不同表现来展开文章，因此可推知，作者是通过做比较展开文章的，故选B。〗B(2020·江西省五校协作体模拟)Atonetimeoranotherinyourlifeyouhaveprobablydoneorigami，evenifitwasjustmakingapaperairplaneorsomethingmorecomplicatedlikeapapercrane.Thechancesarethatasyoudidit，youreflectedonhowinventivethistraditionalartis.Animals，boxes，flowersandboatsallcanbecreatedfromasinglesquareorrectangularsheetofpapersimplybyfoldingit.Nocutting，nopasting.Butdidyoueverstoptothinkhowthesametechniquesmightbeappliedtoengineering?Equipmentthatcouldbeofrealpracticaluse?Origamimeetsthedemandforthingsthatneedtobesmallwhentransportedandlargewhentheyarrive，liketheeverydayumbrella.Infact，origami­inspiredcreationshavealreadyflowninspace；in1995，Japaneseengineerslaunchedasatellitewithsolarpanelsthatwerefoldedlikeamap.“It'snowmathematicallyproventhatyoucanprettymuchfoldanything，”saysphysicistRobertJ．Lang，whoquithisengineeringjobeightyearsagotofoldthingsfull­time.Lang，anorigamienthusiastsinceagesix，advisedawell­knowncarmanufactureronthebestwaytofoldanairbagintoadashboard(仪表板)．Heiscurrentlyworkingonaspacetelescopelensthat，ifallgoesaccordingtotheplan，shouldbeabletounfoldtothesizeofafootballfield.Attheotherendofthescale，researchersarealsoworkingontinyfoldingdevicesthatcouldleadtobreakthroughsinmedicineandcomputing.There'snodoubtthatcomputersofthefuturemaycontaintiny，foldedcapacitors(电容器)forfasterprocessingandbettermemory.Applicationsfororigamiengineeringgofurtherthanmanyofusmightimagine.“Someday，”saysMIT'sErikDemaine，“we'llbuildreconfigurable(可重构的)robotsthatcanfoldontheirownfromonethingintoanother，likeTransformers.Doesn'titfeellikesciencefictioncomestrue?Maybe—thoughyoucertainlywouldn'twanttobetagainstit.”〖语篇解读〗本文主要介绍了折纸工艺的应用，从折叠成各种东西到应用于工程学、太空等领域。5．Whatdoweknowaboutorigami?A．Itconsumeslotsoftime.B．Itinvolvesinterestingideas.C．Itrequirescomplextechniques.D．Ithastodowithcuttingandpasting.B〖推理判断题。根据第一段，尤其是第二句“Thechancesarethatasyoudidit，youreflectedonhowinventivethistraditionalartis”可推知，折纸工艺涉及有趣的想法。〗〖干扰项分析〗由第一段中的“simplybyfoldingit”可知，C项错误。6．Whichofthefollowingisanapplicationoforigami?A．Aspacetelescopelenscanbefoldedtothesizeofanumbrella.B．Asatelliteisequippedwithsolarpanelsandafoldedmap.C．Anairbagcanbebetterfoldedintoadashboardofacar.D．Afuturecomputercontainsmanyhugefoldedcapacitors.C〖细节理解题。根据第三段，尤其是其中的“advisedawell­knowncarmanufactureronthebestwaytofoldanairbagintoadashboard(仪表板)”可知，安全气囊可以更好地折叠放进汽车仪表板是折纸工艺的一种应用。〗7．WhatisErikDemaine'sattitudetowardsorigamiengineering?A．Hopeful. B．Doubtful.C．Disapproving. D．Ambiguous.A〖观点态度题。根据最后一段ErikDemaine所说的话可知，他认为利用折纸工程学，将来我们可以制造可重构的机器人，由此可推知，他对折纸工程学抱有希望。〗8．Inwhichsectionofanewspapermaythistextappear?A．Entertainment. B．Culture.C．Education. D．Technology.D〖推理判断题。通读全文可知，本文介绍了折纸工艺在工程学、太空领域等的应用，由此可推知，本文可能出现在报纸的工艺专栏。〗Ⅱ.完形填空(2020·太原市第一学期阶段性测评)YuanLongping,China's“fatherofhybridrice”，celebratedhis88thbirthdayonFridaybyparticipatinginthefirstInternationalDevelopmentForumofRiceProduction.At8amFriday,withoutthe__1__ofothers,Yuanwalkedonstagebyhimselfand__2__theforum.Anditwas__3__incentralChina'sHunanAftera10­minutebreak,heattendedadiscussionondevelopment__4__ofriceintheworld,withfamousagriculturalexperts__5__manyacademicians(院士).Thoughhewasstillrecoveringfromanillness,hisface__6__whenhespokeofanachievementhehadmadeafewdaysearlier.Yuansetanewworld__7__insuperhybridriceoutputinYunnanFollowingthediscussion,Yuan__8__theexpertstoahybridricetestfieldabout20kmaway.Inthefield,he__9__hisexperiencewiththemaswellas__10__fromtheUnitedNationsWorldFoodProgramme.InadditiontoChina,Yuan'shybridriceisbeingintroducedto__11__grainproblemsinotherpartsoftheworld.Theaverage__12__ofthehybridriceplantedinKenyaisfourtofivetimesgreaterthanthatof__13__varieties.InOctober,21studentsfromadozencountriesstudyinginHunanHybridRiceResearchAt2pm,Yuansteppedontothestageagainand__17__a20­minutekeynotespeechinEnglish.Hesaidhybridriceshouldbe__18__developedtomakecontributionstofood__19__intheworld.Whenaskedwhathisbirthday__20__wasafterthespeech,hesaid，“18tonnesperhectare.”〖语篇解读〗中国“杂交水稻之父”袁隆平参加了首届国际水稻生产发展论坛，以此来庆祝自己88岁的生日；在参会过程中，袁隆平上台致辞、参加讨论、带领专家们去看试验田并用英语发表主题演讲。1．A.existence B．assistanceC．distance D．instanceB〖根据下文中的“Yuanwalkedonstagebyhimself”可知，袁隆平在没有他人帮助(assistance)的情况下，自己走上讲台去发表演讲。A项意为“存在”；D项意为“例子”。〗2．A.addressed B．expressedC．depressed D．exercisedA〖参见上题〖解析〗。A项意为“演说，演讲”；C项意为“使沮丧，使不景气”。〗3．A.formed B．heldC．built D．foundedB〖根据语境可知，这次的论坛是在湖南省举行的。故选B。〗4．A.times B．pricesC．trends D．locationsC〖根据第一段第一句中的“thefirstInternationalDevelopmentForumofRiceProduction”可推知，此处表示有关世界稻米发展趋势的讨论。故选C。〗5．A.including B．controllingC．concerning D．possessingA〖根据空前的“experts”与空后的“academicians(院士)”和常识可知，专家中包括许多院士，故选including“包括……在内”。〗6．A.turnedup B．openedupC．spedup D．litupD〖根据上文中的“Thoughhewasstillrecoveringfromanillness”及下文中的“spokeofanachievement”可推知，尽管仍在康复中，但当袁隆平谈到几天前取得的成就时，他的脸上露出了喜色。A项意为“到达，露面”；B项意为“开门，营业”；C项意为“加速”；D项意为“喜形于色”。〗7．A.record B．standardC．type D．balanceA〖根据下文中的“17tonnesperhectare”并结合语境可知，袁隆平在超级杂交水稻产量方面又一次刷新了世界纪录，故选A。〗8．A.sent B．movedC．led D．helpedC〖根据下文中的“Inthefield”可知，袁隆平当时应该是带领专家们到试验田里去参观。故选C。〗9．A.taught B．sharedC．gave D．showedB〖根据语境可推知，袁隆平应是在试验田里，向专家们和联合国世界粮食计划署的要员(officials)分享(shared)自己的经验。故选B。〗10．A.employers B．businessmenC．investors D．officialsD〖参见上题〖解析〗。investor“投资者”；official“要员，官员”。〗11．A.reflect B．relieveC．recreate D．replaceB〖此处表示袁隆平的杂交水稻被引入世界其他地方，以缓解(relieve)这些地方的粮食问题。故选B。recreate“再现”。〗12．A.quality B．quantityC．yield D．costC〖根据语境可知，此处表示在肯尼亚种植的杂交水稻的平均产量(yield)比传统的(conventional)水稻品种的产量高四到五倍。故选C。〗13．A.complex B．conventionalC．contemporary D．simpleB〖参见上题〖解析〗。C项意为“当代的”。〗14．A.certificate B．gradeC．proof D．markA〖根据句中的“studying”“graduation”和语境可知，此处表示袁隆平为来自十几个国家在湖南杂交水稻研究中心学习的21名学生颁发了毕业证书。故选A。〗15．A.hired B．discoveredC．tested D．trainedD〖根据本段第一句可推知，在过去的几十年里，中国的研究机构和种子公司培养了来自亚洲、非洲和拉丁美洲的发展中国家的成千上万的学生。故选D。〗16．A.knowledge B．experienceC．guidance D．examinationC〖根据上文及本空前的“sentexperts”可知，中国还派专家到那些国家提供现场指导。故选C。〗17．A.received B．deliveredC．designed D．finishedB〖根据该空前的“steppedontothestageagain”和空后的“speech”可知，袁隆平再次上台，发表了20分钟的主题演讲。故选B。〗18．A.slowly B．normallyC．farther D．furtherD〖根据常识可知，水稻产量和粮食安全问题有关；再根据该空后的“makecontributionsto”可推知，袁隆平说，杂交水稻应该进一步发展，为世界粮食安全(safety)做出贡献。故选D。〗19．A.import B．varietyC．value D．safetyD〖参见上题〖解析〗。A项意为“进口”；B项意为“多样化”。〗20．A.wish B．giftC．party D．treatA〖根据第二段最后的“17tonnesperhectare”以及该空后的“18tonnesperhectare”可推知，当被问到生日愿望(wish)时，袁隆平的回答是“每公顷18公吨”。故选A。〗课时提能练(二十四)必修4Unit12CultureShock(B)Ⅰ.阅读理解A(2020·贵阳市四校联合考试四)Areyouinterestedintravelling?HerearefourfamousnationalparkstravellersmostlylikeinAmerica.GreatSmokyMountainsThename“GreatSmokyMountains”comesfromthefogoverthismountainrangesituatedalongtheTennessee­NorthCarolinaborder.Establishedin1934，itisnotjusthometoanecosystemofdiverseplantsandanimals，butalsohometorichAppalachianculture.Visitorstherecanseewaterfalls，goboatingonFontanaLakeandhiketheAppalachianTrail.It'salsoanexcellentvantagepoint(有利地点)toseetheleaveschangeinthefall.GrandCanyonTheGrandCanyonistheresultofyearsofgeologicaleventscreatingtheColoradoPlateauandvalleys，whiletheColoradoRivercarveditswaythroughthevalleys.Itistrulyanaturalwonder!WhenPresidentRooseveltvisiteditin1903，hesaid，“TheGrandCanyonfillsmewithawe.Itisbeyondcomparison，beyonddescription！”20yearslater，itwasofficiallyviewedasanationalpark.YosemiteInadditiontobeinganationalpark，Yosemitewith10,000­yearhistoryisdesignatedasaWorldHeritageSite.YosemiteNationalParkisinthewesternSierraNevadaofCentralCalifornia.Thoughitcoversanareaof747,956acres，visitorsspendmostoftheirtimeontheareaoftheYosemiteValleywheretherearesomemostfamoussiteslikeYosemiteFallsandCook'sMeadowLoop.ZionZionNationalParkissituatedinsouthwesternUtah.Ithassomeofthemostuniquelandscapespackedwithmountains，valleys，riversanddeserts.ZionNationalPark〖语篇解读〗本文主要介绍了美国四个著名的国家公园——大烟雾山国家公园、大峡谷国家公园、约塞米蒂国家公园和宰恩国家公园。1．WherewillyougoifyouwanttolearnAppalachianculture?A．GrandCanyonB．YosemiteC．GreatSmokyMountainsD．ZionC〖细节理解题。根据GreatSmokyMountainsNationalPark部分中的“butalsohometorichAppalachianculture”可知，想要了解Appalachian文化可以到GreatSmokyMountainsNationalPark，故选C项。〗2．WhendidGrandCanyonNationalParkbecomeanationalpark?A．In1887. B．In1923.C．In1903. D．In1934.B〖细节理解题。根据GrandCanyonNationalPark部分中的“WhenPresidentRooseveltvisiteditin1903”和“20yearslater，itwasofficiallyviewedasanationalpark”可知，1903年的“20年后”就是1923年，故这个公园成为一个国家公园的时间是1923年，故选B项。〗3．WhatdotheyhaveincommonbetweenYosemiteNationalParkandZionNationalPark?A．Theyarelocatedinthesamestate.B．Theywerebothformedasaresultofyearsofgeologicalevents.C．Theybothhavethemostcharmingscenery.D．Peoplecanlearnaboutancienttimesthere.D〖推理判断题。根据YosemiteNationalPark中的“with10,000­yearhistory”和ZionNationalPark中的“about8,000yearsago”可知，这两个公园的共性就是历史悠久，故可推知，人们可以在这两个公园了解古代的相关情况，故选D项。〗B(2020·湖北八校第一次联考)Ialwayswantedtobeextraordinarilygoodatsomething.Iwantedtobethebestintheclass—awe­inspiringandtip­top；aworld­famousgenius，likeMichaelPhelps.Unfortunately，myversionofrealitydidnotquitelineupwiththisdelusionalvision.Iwasagoodswimmer，butIpeakedatthecollegiateStateChampionshipslevel.Myacademicrecordwasprettysolid，butIneverwouldhavemadeitintooneofthoseIvyLeagueschools.ThoughIrosetoabove­averagestatusinacoupleofareas，thedisappointingtruthwasthatIwouldneveramounttoanythingbetterthanamid­sizedfishinasmallpond.Thedestinyapparentlyhadotherplans.Whatdrovemecrazy，though，wasthesuperstartalentthrowninmyfaceateveryturn.Somefolksjustseemedtogetanunfairdose(一剂)ofthetalent.Whycouldn'tIbelikeBernieWilliams，thefamedNewYorkYankeesplayerwhoalsohappenedtobeaworld­classguitarvirtuoso(艺术大师)?Somesaygreatnessissimplyafunctionofputtinginthepracticetime.Itisaroundtenthousandhours，tobeprecise，accordingtoauthorMalcolmGladwell.Idon'tquestionthetheoryofdevotingextraordinaryeffortstodevelopingone'sexpertise，butitseemsthatthetalentisequallyimportant.I'veheardthataspeopleapproachmiddleage，theirlifesatisfactionincreasesbecausetheybegintoacceptthegapbetweentheexpectationsofthemselvesandthereality.Afterafewdecadesoffrustrationwithoutthedesiredresults，weeventuallycometotermswithourlifeasitcomesout，evenifitfallsfarshortofouridealizedyouthfulexpectations.Hopebends，itseems.〖语篇解读〗作者一直想成为最优秀的人，但是现实跟不上作者的期望；作者后来明白天赋和努力同样重要，人们最终会接受期望与现实的差距。4．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“delusional”inPara.2mostprobablymean?A．Imaginary. B．Realistic.C．Disappointing. D．Material.A〖词义猜测题。根据画线词所在句中的“didnotquitelineupwith”和上一段的内容(作者对自己的期望)可知，此处表示现实与作者对自己的期望并不完全一致。A项意为“幻想的”，与画线词词义相近，故选A项。〗5．Inthepassage，thewriterthinksofhimselfas________.A．aworld­famousgeniusB．amid­sizedfishinasmallpondC．aworld­classvirtuosoD．astudentinanIvyLeagueschoolB〖细节理解题。根据第三段的内容，尤其是“Iwouldneveramounttoanythingbetterthanamid­sizedfishinasmallpond”可知，作者把自己视为池塘中的一条中等大小的鱼。故选B项。〗6．Accordingtothewriter，whatmakes“greatness”？A．Extraordinaryefforts.B．Tenthousandhoursofpractice.C．Talentandexpertise.D．Talentandpractice.D〖细节理解题。根据第五段第一句和最后一句可知，作者认为“伟大”来自大量的练习和天赋，故选D项。〗7．Whichofthefollowingmightbethebesttitle?A．HopeBendsB．FrustratingDecadesC．PracticeWorksD．YouthfulExpectationsA〖标题判断题。根据尾段“Hopebends，itseems”并结合文章其他内容可知，本文主要讲述了期望与现实的差距——随着我们步入中年，我们最终会接受自我理想化的期望与现实的差距，故A项最适合作文章标题。bend意为“弯曲”。〗Ⅱ.阅读七选五(2020·“四省八校”第二次教学质量检测)Usefultipsforbudget­conscioustravellersTravellingcanbeanexperienceofalifetime.Beinginthecenterofanothercultureisbothexcitingandeye­opening.__1__.Still，herearefourusefultipsforthebudget­conscioustraveller.Don'tTravelDuringthePeakSeason__2__.InManhattan，NewYork，it'sduringthewinterholidays.InCebu，Philippines，it'sthesummermonths.Travellingduringthesepeaktimescertainlymeanshigherpricesandlargecrowds.Agreatwaytoavoidalloftheseistosimplygowhenit'snothighseason.__3___Withinmostregionstherearelocalairlinesthatprovideinexpensivesolutionstogettingaround.Thisisespeciallyhandywhenyouhavemultipledestinationsinmindforyourtrip.AllyouhavetodoislookupMangoflightbookingsandyou'reonyourway.Onceyou'reinaregion，gettingaroundgetsmuchsimplerandawholelotcheaper.ChooseEconomicalAccommodationsHotelchainsandexpensiveoptionsmaybenice，butthey'retheoppositeofabudget­friendlyexperience.__4___.Ifyou'reanappexpert，youcanalsocheckoutroomrentalappslikeAirbnb.Theyhaveanextensivenetworkofapartmentsandunitsinwonderfulneighborhoodsforthosewhopreferamorelocalfeel.Don'tSpendAllYourMoneyonFoodOneofthebestthingsabouttravelistoenjoyallthewonderfulfood.Tastingtheauthenticversionsofyourfavoritedishesisanabsolutedelight.Butbecareful.Havingafewgoodmealsoutistobeexpected，buthavingeverymealatanexpensiverestaurantisaveryquickwaytodrainyourmoney.__5__.A．UseFlightBookingsB．UseRegionalAirlinesC．EveryregionhasapeakseasonD．ItalsoallowsustorelaxourbusyheadsE．Instead，tryandfindhostel(招待所)optionsF．ButtravellingcanseemtooexpensiveG．Sofeelfreetotrythelocalsnacks〖语篇解读〗本文主要介绍了四条对于精打细算的游客有用的建议，包括避开旅游高峰期，使用当地的航空公司，选择实惠的住宿以及不要将所有的钱花费在食物上。1．F〖根据空后一句“Still，herearefourusefultipsforthebudget­conscioustraveller”，并结合下文介绍的四个节省旅游费用的建议可知，F项“但是旅行似乎太昂贵了”承上启下。〗2．C〖根据该段标题Don'tTravelDuringthePeakSeason可知，该段主要介绍了“不在旅游旺季旅游”的建议，结合空处下文中的“InManhattan，NewYork，it'sduringthewinterholidays.InCebu，Philippines，it'sthesummermonths”可知，空处应是表述每个地方都有旅游旺季，故C项与此处匹配。〗3．B〖根据空处所在的位置可知，空处是该段的小标题；根据该段第一句“Withinmostregionstherearelocalairlinesthatprovideinexpensivesolutionstogettingaround”可知，在大多数地区都有提供廉价的出行解决方法的当地航空公司。并结合该段其他内容可知，该段主要介绍的是使用地方航空公司，故B项正确。〗4．E〖根据该段小标题ChooseEconomicalAccommodations，并结合空前一句可知，连锁酒店和昂贵的选择虽然很好，但是价格昂贵；又结合空后的内容可推知，空处应是提供其他的住宿选择，故E项与此处匹配。〗5．G〖根据该段小标题Don'tSpendAllYourMoneyonFood可知，该段主要介绍“不要将所有的钱浪费在食物上”这一建议；结合空前一句可知，每一顿饭都在昂贵的饭店吃会很快花光你的钱，故空处应是给出其他的吃饭选择，故G项与文意相符。〗Ⅲ.语法填空(2020·贵阳市四校联考)Oneoftheworld'smostprestigious(声誉高的)1.________(honor)inthefieldofliteraturehasbeenwonbythePolishauthorOlgaTokarczukfor“anarrativeimaginationthat,withencyclopedicpassion,representsthecrossingofboundariesasaformoflife”．AndTokarczukalso2.________(win)lastyear'sManBookerInternationalPrize.Theprize,which3.________(award)almosteveryyearsince1901,netsthewinningauthormuchmoney,amedalandcertificate,andtheobligationtodeliveralectureinSwedenatsomefuturedate.ThekingofSwedenwill4.________(official)presenttheawardatalavishbanquetinStockholmonDecember10，5.________anniversaryofthedeathoftheindustrialistandscientistAlfredNobel.Hefunded(资助)the6.________(establish)oftheawardsin1895.Thewinnerwasselected,asusual,bytheSwedishAcademy,7.________alsopickedasecondlaureate(获奖者)thisyear8.________(make)upforthefactthatnoprizewaspresentedin2018partlybecauseoftheresignationofacademymemberKatarinaFrostensonoverclaimsthatshehadleakedthenamesofpastwinners.The9.________(two)NobelPrizeinLiteraturewasgiventotheAustrianauthorPeterHandke10.________(pick)outfor“aninfluentialworkthat，withlinguisticingenuity，hasexploredtheperipheryandthespecificityofhumanexperience”．〖语篇解读〗文章介绍了获得2018和2019年诺贝尔文学奖的作家及其获奖原因，并介绍了有关诺贝尔文学奖的其他方面的情况。1．honors〖考查名词的单复数。根据空前的“Oneof”可知，此处的honor要用复数形式。〗2．won〖考查动词的时态。根据该句中的“lastyear'sManBookerInternationalPrize”可知，这里表示的是去年的获奖情况，故要用一般过去时。〗3．isawarded〖考查动词的时态与语态。根据语境和主句中的谓语动词“nets”可知，此处叙述的为客观情况，应用一般现在时；此外，奖励是被授予获奖者的。故此处应填isawarded。〗4．officially〖考查词形转换。修饰动词“present”要用副词，故填officially。〗5．the〖考查冠词。此处的“anniversary”(周年纪念日)特指AlfredNobel去世的周年忌日，故要用定冠词the。〗6．establishment〖考查词形转换。此处表示他在1895年资助了奖项的建立，空处作funded的宾语，应用名词establishment。〗7．which〖考查定语从句。空处引导非限制性定语从句，在从句中作主语，先行词为“theSwedishAcademy”，故填which。〗8．tomake〖考查非谓语动词。此处作目的状语，表示选出第二个获奖者的目的。故用动词不定式。〗9．second〖考查数词。根据上文的“pickedasecondlaureate(获奖者)thisyear”和空前的“The”以及语境可知，此处表示第二个诺贝尔文学奖。故填second。〗10．picked〖考查非谓语动词。此处作定语修饰PeterHandke，且pick与其逻辑主语PeterHandke为动宾关系，故用其过去分词形式picked。〗Ⅳ.短文改错(2020·西安五校联考)I'vebeenplayingvolleyballbeforethreeyearsago.Itstartedwhenteachersetupavolleyballclubinourschool，hopethatmorestudentswouldtakepartinthesportandkeepfit.Theclubwassuchpopularthatmanystudentssignedupforit.Tobehonesty，atthattimeIjustfollowedthemwithoutthinkingtoomuch.WepracticedtogetheroneverySaturdaymorning.However，someofthestudentssoonbegintogetboredanddroppedoutoftheclub.SoIfoundIwasquiteenjoyingitandwecarriedon.Aftertrainingforsometime，Iwasselectedfortheschoolteam.HowexcitingandproudIwas.〖〖答案〗〗I'vebeenplayingvolleyballeq\f(before,since)threeyearsago.Itstartedwheneq\o(\s\up7(∧),\s\do5(a))teachersetupavolleyballclubinourschool，eq\f(hope,hoping)thatmorestudentswouldtakepartinthesportandkeepfit.Theclubwaseq\f(such,so)popularthatmanystudentssignedupforit.Tobeeq\f(honesty,honest)，atthattimeIjustfollowedthemwithoutthinkingtoomuch.Wepracticedtogethereq\o(on,＼)everySaturdaymorning.However，someofthestudentssooneq\f(begin,began)togetboredanddroppedoutoftheclub.eq\f(So,But)IfoundIwasquiteenjoyingitandeq\f(we,I)carriedon.Aftertrainingforsometime，Iwasselectedfortheschoolteam.Howeq\f(exciting,excited)andproudIwas.Ⅴ.书面表达(2020·济南模拟)假定你是李华。你校外籍教师Peter计划在暑假期间回国，他想送给母亲可以代表中国文化的礼物。请你给他写一封邮件，向他推荐礼物。内容包括：1．推荐礼物：旗袍、中国结等；2．推荐原因；3．表达祝福。注意：1.词数100左右；2．可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。参考词汇：旗袍Qipao；中国结ChineseknotDearPeter，________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Yours，LiHua〖参考范文〗Dear_Peter，I'mgladtohearthatyouwanttobuysomegiftsforyourmotherthatrepresentChineseculture.AndI'mwritingtogiveyousomeadvice.PersonallyIthinkyoushouldbuythefollowinggifts:QipaoandChineseknot.Qipao,averybeautifultraditionaldressforChinesewomancanshowtherealbeautyofawoman.I'msureyourmotherwilllikeitverymuch.What'smore,it'salsoagoodchoiceforyoutobuytheChineseknot.It'susuallyhunginthesittingroomorcars,whichrepresentsgoodluck.Wishyouagoodvacation.Pleasegivemybestwishestoyourfamily.Yours，Li_Hua课时提能练(二十三)必修4Unit12CultureShock(A)Ⅰ.阅读理解A(2020·合肥市第二次教学质量检测)Peopleoftentalkaboutculturaldifferencesbetweenwesternandeasterncountries，buthowaboutthewesternworlditself?Surprisingly，acloserlookatitcanrevealagoodmanycuriousdetails.ThemostobviouscharacteristicofthemajorityofAmericansisthattheysmilealot.Itdoesnotmatterwhethertheyhaveastrongreasontosmile；theydoit，sometimessimplybecausetheyhaveto.Asmileisnotjustapowerfulmarketingtoolbutalsoawaytoshowthatsomeoneisfriendly，andthatlifeingeneralisfine.Europeans，onthecontrary，prefertokeepamoreneutral(不带感情色彩的)facialexpression.Theysmilemostlywhentheyareinagoodmood，orfeelamused；ifnot，aEuropean'sfacewillremainneutral，orevendull.InRussia，forexample，thereisaproverbsayingthatlaughingfornoreasonisasignofafool.ItdoesnotmeanthatEuropeansareserious，orthattheydonothaveasenseofhumor.Thesamereferstocommunicationingeneral.Americansareextremelycommunicative；smalltalksandchatsarecommon.Europeanstalkmostlywhenthereissomethingtosay，andrarelyentercommunicationjustforthepurposeoftalkingtootherpeople.Americanpeopleprefertoexpresswhattheythinkcarefully，consideringhowitmightaffectsurroundingpeople.Europeansaremorestraightforward，evenwithunfamiliarpeople.AEuropeanfriendwillalmostalwaysvoicehisopinionondifferentoccasions，andwillnothesitatetoremindyouthatyouneedtolosesomeweightortakeashower.ItcanbesaidthatAmericansarepeopleofcontrasts.Theyareopen­minded，flexible，andreadytoaccepteverythingnewenthusiastically；butatthesametime，Americansocietymanagestobringupunbelievableconservatives.Americansareextremelypoliticallycorrect，which，inmostcases，isindeedasecureandbeneficialpractice，butitcanalsomessupdailyorevenprivatecommunication，sometimespreventinghavingcloserelationships.Europeans，onthecontrary，aremorestraightforward，preferringtotellthetruthindirectways.Eachwayofcommunicationisdifferent—neitheriscorrectorincorrect.〖语篇解读〗本文主要介绍了西方国家间的文化差异，包括微笑和交流等方面。1．Whatdoestheauthorsayaboutsmiling?A．Itisculture­relatedwithinwesterncountries.B．Itisapowerfulmarketingtoolacrosscultures.C．ItisthoughtofasasignofafoolinAmerica.D．ItisregardedasasocialnecessityinEurope.A〖推理判断题。作者在第二段中讲到了美国人、欧洲人对微笑的不同解读，据此可以推知，在西方国家笑是与文化有关的，故A项正确。〗2．WhatistypicalofEuropeans'communication?A．Beatingaroundthebush.B．Havingsmalltalksandchats.C．Hidingtheirfeelingscarefully.D．Expressingthemselvesopenly.D〖细节理解题。根据第三段中的“Europeansaremorestraightforward...takeashower”可知，欧洲人通常坦诚地表达自己，故选D。A项意为“绕圈子，拐弯抹角地讲话”。〗3．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“it”inthelastparagraphreferto?A．Beingstraightforward.B．Beingpoliticallycorrect.C．Acceptingeverythingnew.D．Raisingunbelievableconservatives.B〖代词指代题。画线词前的“Americansareextremelypoliticallycorrect,which，inmostcases，isindeedasecureandbeneficialpractice”与后面的“messupdailyorevenprivatecommunication”存在转折关系，又结合语境可推知，it指代的应该是美国人的这种政治正确性，故选B。〗4．Howisthetextmainlydeveloped?A．Byanalyzingcauseandeffect.B．Bymakingcomparisons.C．Byclassifyingbodylanguage.D．Bydiscussingresearchfindings.B〖推理判断题。通读全文可知，作者通过分析美国人和欧洲人对微笑的不同解读以及通常在交际中的不同表现来展开文章，因此可推知，作者是通过做比较展开文章的，故选B。〗B(2020·江西省五校协作体模拟)Atonetimeoranotherinyourlifeyouhaveprobablydoneorigami，evenifitwasjustmakingapaperairplaneorsomethingmorecomplicatedlikeapapercrane.Thechancesarethatasyoudidit，youreflectedonhowinventivethistraditionalartis.Animals，boxes，flowersandboatsallcanbecreatedfromasinglesquareorrectangularsheetofpapersimplybyfoldingit.Nocutting，nopasting.Butdidyoueverstoptothinkhowthesametechniquesmightbeappliedtoengineering?Equipmentthatcouldbeofrealpracticaluse?Or