湖南省新高考教学教研联盟2023-2024学年高三下学期第一次联考（一模）英语试题

2024届新高考教学教研联盟高三第一次联考英语试卷长郡中学；衡阳市八中；永州市四中；岳阳县一中；湘潭县一中；湘西州民中；石门县一中；澧县一中；益阳市一中；桃源县一中；株洲市二中；麓山国际；郴州市一中；岳阳市一中；娄底市一中；怀化市三中；邵东市一中；洞口县一中；九江市一中；南昌市二中长郡中学；衡阳市八中；永州市四中；岳阳县一中；湘潭县一中；湘西州民中；石门县一中；澧县一中；益阳市一中；桃源县一中；株洲市二中；麓山国际；郴州市一中；岳阳市一中；娄底市一中；怀化市三中；邵东市一中；洞口县一中；九江市一中；南昌市二中由联合命题命题学校：长郡中学 审题学校：江西省丰城中学注意事项:1.答卷前，考生务必将自己的姓名、考生号、考场号、座位号填写在答题卡上。2.回答选择题时，选出每小题答案后，用铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案标号。回答非选择题时，将答案写在答题卡上，写在本试卷上无效。3.考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。第一部分听力（共两节，满分30分）第一节（共5小题；每小题1.5分，满分7.5分）听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。例：Howmuchistheshirt?A.£19.15. B.£9.18. C.£9.15.答案是C。1.Whydoesthemangetuplate?A.Hestayeduplatelastnight.B.Hedoesn’thavetoworktoday.C.Heforgottosetanalarmclock.2.Whatismostlikelythemantobe?A.Anactor. B.ATVbroadcaster. C.Abusinessowner.3.WhendoesthemanwanttoarriveinWashington?A.By9:00a.m. B.By8:30a.m. C.By7:30a.m.4.Wheredidthewomanintendtogo?A.Toacinema. B.Toarestaurant. C.ToMaggie’shouse.5.WhomightLilybe?A.Thewoman’sbabysitter. B.Thewoman’s:boss. C.Thewoman’schild.第二节（共15小题；每小题1.5分，满分22.5分）听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟；听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。听第6段材料，回答第6、7题。6.Whatdoesthewomanthinkofthestory?A.it'stoolong. B.It'sconfusing. C.It'sveryexciting.7.Whatdoesthemansuggestthewomando?A.Readthewholebook. B.Writeashortstoryherself.C.Borrowacopyofthebook.听第7段材料，回答第8、9题。8.Whatdothespeakersthinkoftaikonauts（宇航员）'mission?A.Heroicyetlonely. B.Honourableyetrisky. C.Costlyyetirreplaceable.9.Whatdoesthewomaninsistonaboutspaceexploration?A.Havingmannedspacetravel.B.Modernizingspacegovernance.C.Investinginspaceexploration.听第8段材料，回答第10至12题。10.Whatisthepurposeofthecampaign?A.Tobuildananimalshelter.B.Toraisemoneyforanimalshelters.C.Toencouragepeopletoadoptanimals.11.Howmuchmoneyhasthemanspentinhelpinganimals?A,$7,500. B.$5,000. C.$10,000.12.Whatismostprobablythewoman'sjob?A.Ajournalist. B.Ateacher. C.Awriter.听第9段材料，回答第13至16题。13,Wherearethespeakers?A.Inthewoods. B.Attheirhome. C.Intheclassroom.14,Whatisthewomanlookingfor?A.Rubbish. B.Mushrooms. C.Bamboograss.15.Whatdoesthewomanwanttodowithwhatshefinds?A.Takepictures. B.Cookameal. C.Doadrawing.16.Whatdomushroomsandbamboograsshaveinmon?A.Theyarebothnutritious.B.Theyhaveasinglerootsystem.C.Theygrowallovertheground.听第10段材料，回答第17至20题。17.Whereisthespeakernow?A.Atamemorialceremony. B.Atadonationceremony. C.Atagraduationceremony.18.WhathappenedtoAlvinJames?A.Hediedlastyear.B.Hecreatedanewscholarship.C.Hedeliveredalettertotheuniversity.19.WhatdoesthespeakersharewiththeaudienceinAlvin'sletter?A.Alvin'sopiniononeducation.B,Alvin'sdonationtothecharities.C.Alvin'slifestory.20.Whowillfundthenewscholarship?A.AlvinJames. B.Formerstudents. C.Theuniversity.第二部分阅读（共两节，满分50分）第一节（共15小题；每小题2.5分，满分37.5分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。ALonelyPlanet'sTopPlacestoGoin2024Areyoulookingforinspirationforyournexttraveldestination?LonelyPlanethaspublisheditsyearlylistoftopplacestogo.Whetheryou'relookingforadventure,culture,orvalue,there'ssomethingforeverytypeoftraveler.Let'sexplorethe.toppicksfortraveldestinationsin2024.TopCity:NairobiNairobi,theKenyancapital,waschosenforitsuniquemusicanddanceculture,andimpressivelocalrestaurants.NairobiNationalPark,justashortdriveoutofthecity'scentralbusinessdistrict,isamustsee,wherevisitorscanseeover400specieswanderingtheopengrassplainswhileskyscraperstwinkleonthe.horizon.TopCountry:MongoliaMongoliaislovedforitswideopenspaces,adventureactivities,anduniquefood.TheMongoliangovernmenthasannounced2023through.2025:as:the“YearstoVisitMongolia",easingentryconditionsforinternationaltravelersandimprovingpublicfacilities,includinganew$650millionairport.TopSustainableTravelDestination:SpainThepublisheralsoremendedSpainforthecountry'seffortstoexpand.renewableenergy,todevelopoffseasontravel,andtobringtourismtonewdestinations,suchastheportcityofValencia,easingpressuresonhotspotssuchasBarcelona.TopBestValueLocation:TheAmericanMidwestTheAmericanMidwest,includingthecitiesofChicagoandDetroit,isalsoonthelist,asitoffersahighqualitytravelexperienceatareasonablecost.Visitorscanenjoyexcellentservicesandfacilities.suchasoldwarehousestransformedintoartstudios,newecodesignhotels,andMichelinstarredrestaurants,withouthavingtospendtoomuchmoney.TopBeachDestination:DonegalDonegal.Ireland'smostnorthwesterncounty,hasthecountry'slongestcoastlineandover100beaches,wherevisitorscanenjoythehighestseacliffsinEuropeandmilesofbeautifulcoastalhikingtrails.21.WhatcanpeopledoinNairobiNationalPark?A.Enjoyadventureactivities. B.Tastelocaldeliciouscuisine.C.Seevariouswildanimals. D.Appreciatemusicalperformances.22.WhyisTheAmericanMidwestconsideredtobetheBestValueLocation?A.Ithassimplifiedentryprocedures. B.Itofferscosteffectiveexperiences.C.Itbinesartwithnaturalscenery. D.Itprovidesgoodtransportationservices.23.Whatisthemainpurposeofthetext?A.Toentertain. B.Toanalyse. C.Toinform. D.Toreport.BOnDecember16,2023,thefirstsectionofMayaTrainofficiallyopened,whichrunsbetweenCampecheandCancún,carryingupto231passengersacross290milesandstoppingat14trainstations,BuiltasanambitiousefforttopromotetourismandboostMexico'seconomy,therailsystemconnectsthemajorcitiesandtouristregionsoftheYucatánPeninsulafromCancún'sbeachestoTulum'sarchaeological（考古的）wonders.Oncetheprojectispleted,theentirerailsystemwilllinktouristdestinationsacrossfivestates.However,environmentalistsandarchaeologistsarguethatthetrainroutewillcausegreatdamagetotheenvironmentandancientMayansites.TheMayaTrainpassesthroughsixUNESCOWorldHeritagesites,andthousandsofarchaeologicalsites.OneparticularareaofconcernistheCalakmulbiospherereserve,whichishometomanyendangeredspecies,suchasjaguarsandover500otheranimalspecies.Thetrainlines,morethan60meterswide,couldactasartificialbarriersthatmaylimitthemovementoftheseanimalswithinthereserve,makingitdifficultforthemtomovearoundandaccessfoodandwatersources.Opponentsalsoexpresssafetyconcerns.Certainsectionsoftherailsystemwillbebuiltrightontopoftheaquifer's（地下水层的）mostfragilepointsofcontactwiththesurface.“It'slikewantingtobuildovereggshells,saysGuillermoChristy,awatertreatmentconsultant."Puttingtrainsweighingthousandsoftonsontopcouldcausetheundergroundcavestocrashdown."Toconstructthetraininfrastructure（基础设施）alsorequiresdrivinglongpilesdeepintotheground,whichposesabigthreattothisfragileecosystemandleadstowatershortages.IntheongoingdebateofMayaTrain,itiscrucialtoconsiderthedelicatebalancebetweeneconomicdevelopmentandenvironmentalpreservation.WhileMayaTrainmayprovideeconomicbenefits,wemustnotoverlookthepotentialenvironmentalandculturallosses,aswellasthesafetyrisksitmaybring.Achievingharmonybetweenprogressandconservationmaybeasignificantchallengefortheproject,butwemusttakeintoaccountthelongtermconsequencesofouractions.24.WhatdoweknowabouttheMayaTrainproject?A.ItconsumeslotsoflaborinMexico.B.ItwaspletedonDecember16,2023.C.Ithasconcernedsomeprofessionals.D.Itblocksthedevelopmentoflocaltourism.25.Whatistheeffectofthetrainlinesontheanimalsinthereserve?A.Theydisturbtheirsleepingpatterns. B.Theyrestricttheiractivities.C.Theypollutetheirwatersources. D.Theyengagetheirenemiestothearea.26.Whydoestheauthormention"eggshells"inparagraph4?A.Toshowthedifficultyofconstructingtheraillines.B.Toprovetheurgencyofprotectingthefragileecosystem.C.Toexplainthereasonsforwatershortagesalongtherailway.D.TostressthepotentialharmofMayaTraintotheaquifersystem.27.Whichstatementwouldtheauthorprobablyagreewith?A.Preservingculturalsitesrequiresstrongfinancialsupport.B.ItistimetospeeduptheconstructionprocessofMayaTrain.C.Economicdevelopmentshouldnoteattheexpenseoftheenvironment.D.Weshouldprizetheeconomicbenefitsoftheprojectinthelongrun.CGeologistshavelongbeenfascinatedbyamissingpieceofEarth'shistoryalostcontinentcalledArgoland.Around155millionyearsago,the5,000kilometercontinentbrokeofffromWesternAustraliaandbegandrifting（漂移），leavingbehindabasindeepbelowtheoceanknownastheArgoAbyssalPlain.ButwheredidArgolandactuallygo?TheseabedstructuresuggeststhatthecontinentdriftednorthwestwardandendedupSoutheastAsia.Butsurprisingly,thereisnolargecontinenthiddenbeneaththoseislands,onlysmallcontinentalfragments（碎片）surroundedbyancientoceanicbasins.Usingthistheory,geologistsatUtrechtUniversitydiscoveredthatArgolandhadn'treallydisappearedbutsurvivedasa"veryextendedandfragmentedcollection"undertheislandstotheeastofIndonesia.UnlikeothercontinentslikeAfricaandSouthAmerica,whichbrokeneatlyintotwopieces,Argolandsplitintomanysmallerfragmentsthatweredispersed,whichmadeitdifficultforscientiststolocateandstudythecontinent'sgeologicalfeatures.However,withadvancedtechnologyandthediscovery,scientistscannowpiecethemtogether.Tracingthecontinentsisvitalforunderstandingprocessesliketheevolutionofbiodiversity.ItcouldhelpexplainsomethingknownasthemysteriousWallaceline,whichisanimaginaryboundarythatseparatesmammals,birds,andevenearlyhumanspeciesinSoutheastAsianislands.Theboundaryhaspuzzledscientistsbecauseofhowclearlyitseparatestheisland'swildlife.Tothewestofthelineareplacentalmammalslikeapesandelephants.Butthesearealmostpletelyabsenttotheeast,whereyoucanfindmarsupialsandcockatoosanimalstypicallyassociatedwithAustralia.ResearchershavetheorizedthatthismaybebecauseArgolandcarrieditsownwildlifeawayfromAustraliabeforeitcrashedintoSoutheastAsia,whichhelpsexplainwhydifferentspeciesarefoundindifferentnations.ThestoryofArgolandisnotoneofpletedisappearancebutoftransformation.Astheworldcontinuestoevolve,thislostcontinentservesasapowerfulsymbolofthedelicacyoflifeonthisplanet,andareminderoftheimportanceofrespectingandprotectingtheworldthatwelivein.28.WhatdoweknowaboutArgoland?A.Itsplitintotwopiecesmanyyearsago.B.ItbrokeawayfromthecontinentofAfrica.C.ItsanktothebottomoftheArgoAbyssalPlain.D.ItexistsasfragmentsundertheeasternislandsofIndonesia,29.Whatdoestheunderlinedword"dispersed"inparagraph3probablymean?A.Crashed. B.Connected. C.Distributed. D.Disappeared.30.Whydoestheauthormentionthe"Wallaceline"inparagraph4?A.TointroducetheearlyhistoryofArgoland.B.TostressthesignificanceoftracingArgoland.C.ToprovethebiodiversityofSoutheastAsianislands.D.ToexplaintheevolutionaryprocessofAustralianspecies.31.Whichofthefollowingisthebesttitleforthetext?A.TheDiscoveryofaLostContinent B.TheBoundariesofWildlifeHabitatsC.TheGeologicalFeaturesofArgoland D.TheFormationoftheArgoAbyssalPlainDAlotofmanufacturedglasstodaymadefromsandandsodiumcarbonate（碳酸钠）canbereusedormelteddownandrecycledintonewitems,butitdoesn'tbreakdownintheenvironmentandwillsitinlandfillsforthousandsofyears.AteamofChinesescientistsaimedtodealwiththisenvironmentalconcernbydevelopinganecoconsciousalternative.InastudypublishedrecentlyinthejournalScienceAdvances,ateamattheChineseAcademyofSciences'InstituteofProcessEngineeringdescribehowtheyengineeredbiodegradableglassmadefromaminoacids（氨基酸）.Thatglasswouldhaveasmallerimpactontheenvironmentandcanbreakdowninafewweeksorinseveralmonths.Inatest,glassbeads（珠）madeoutofaminoacidswereplacedundertheskinofmice,andthebreakdownofthebeadsandtheskinhealingprocesswereobservedfor30days.Adiagramfromthestudyshowshowthemice'sbodiesbrokedownthebeads.Inthatmonth,theglassimplantdegradedbeneaththeskin,thewoundsitehealed,andfurgrewback."Throughouttheexperimentalperiod,nomiceexhibitedanypainrelatedbehaviorthatmayhavebeencausedbytheglassimplantation,andnoneofthemexperiencedobviousweightloss,"theresearcherswroteintheirpaper.Althoughaminoacidsdodegradeovertimeintheenvironment,thisbiodegradableglassisnotasdurableastraditionalglass,becauseaminoacidscanbreakdownquicklyinheat.Inordertooverethishurdle,theresearcherschemicallymodifiedtheaminoacidsusingtheheatingcoolingprocedureappliedinglassmanufacturing.Thisiswhenmaterialsfortheglassareheatedtobeesoftandthenrapidlycooledsoastomaketheglasstougher."It'simportanttopointoutthatthisbiodegradableglassiscurrentlyinthelabstage,andfarfromlargescalemercialization,"emphasizedYanXuehai,aprofessorinvolvedinthestudy,inapressrelease.32.Whatisanadvantageofthenewglass?A.Itcanberecycledatalowcost. B.Itisproducedwithoutpollution.C.Ittakeslesstimeto.breakdown. D.Ithasawiderangeofapplications.33.Whydidresearchersimplantglassbeadsinsidemice?A.Toassesswhethertheglassisbiologicallyharmless.B.Toinvestigatewhyaminoacidsaremedicallyuseful.C.Toexplorehowlongittakesfortheglasstodegrade.D.Toobserveiftheglasscanbemeltdowninmice'sstomach.34.Whatdoestheunderlinedword"hurdle"inparagraph4referto?A.Theinstabilityofaminoacids.B.Thedifficultyofselectingmaterialsfortheglass.C.Environmentalproblemscausedbytraditionalglass.D.Thechallengeofimprovingtheheatingcoolingprocedure.35.WhatistheattitudeofYanXuehaitowardsthenewglass'slaunchonthemarket?A.Optimistic. B.Critical. C.Indifferent. D.Uncertain.第二节（共5小题；每小题2.5分，满分12.5分）阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。Ifyouhaveeverlookedcloselyatthetiresonyourcar,youhaveprobablyseenlittlehairsstickingoutoftheblackrubber.36Aretheythereforanysafetyreasons?Thoselittlebitsareoneofthestrangecarfeaturessomepeoplemaystoptothinkabout.Locatedontheverticalpartofthetire,thesecuriouslittlerubberhairsareknownas“ventspews（轮胎毛刺）".Theyarecrucialinthetiremakingprocess.Asthetreadpatternmold（胎面花纹模具）ispressedintothetire'srubber,theextrarubberrequiresawaytoescapethemold.37Curiously,there'snosetnumberofhairseachtirewill.have.38Butthepresenceoftirehairsisuniversal.Theyarenothingmorethanremnants（残余部分）oftheplexprocessthatmakesstronganddurabletires.39Becausetheyarefoundonthepartofthetirerubberthatdoesn'thittheroad,andtheyhavenoimpactonhowwellyourtiregrips（抓牢）thepavementinrainyweather.Theserubberhairsalsodon'thaveanyimpactonroadnoiseorwhyyourtiressqueakwhenyou'redriving.Theyaremerelyevidenceofthenewtire'sarrivalintheworld.Tirehairsarenaturallywornawayduringnormaldriving,andthepresenceorabsenceofthesehairsdoesn'tdetermineifatireissafe.Thereisoneinstance,however,wherethelackoftirehairscanmatter.40Asaresponsiblecarowner,youshouldmonitorthehealthofyourtiresregularly.A.Whydotireshavehairs?B.Tirehairsdon'thaveanyeffectonsafedriving.C.Arethereanyotherinterestingfactsaboutcars?D.Theylookfunny,yeteverynewcartirehasthem.E.Itcouldbeasignthattiresareworn,oldandneedtobereplaced.:F.Theexactnumbervariesbasedonthedesignandsizeofthetires.G.Becausetinysizeescapeventsarecreatedthroughouteachmold,littletirehairsareborn.第三部分语言运用（共两节，满分30分）第一节（共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分）阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填人空白处的最佳选项。Onesunnyafternoon,JackandIrodehardtowardshishouse.Thesunshone41onJack'sblackbicycle.Youwouldneverseehisbikewith42onit.AsIbentover,ItookaglimpseofJack'sshiningschool43.Jackwasalwaysneatandtidy,buthisclotheswereoldand44.Ioften45ifheownedanythingelse.Weturnedintoastreetlinedwithsmall,oldrailwayhouses.Jackopenedagateandwewentthroughit.Igotoffmybikeand46itagainstthegaragewall.Itwasasmall,whitewashedhouse.Thetinyareaoflawnwasneatly47.Wewentinbythebackdoor.Thekitchenhadacupboard,asmalldiningtablewiththreechairsandanancientcooker.Everythingwas48clean.InJack'sroom,ithadabed,aonedoorcloset,andatable.Severalbookswere49againstthewallononecornerofthetable,andontheothercorner50amodelsteamengine.Jackdemonstratedtomehowtheengine51.IlookedatJack'sfaceandabroadsmilespreadoverit.Feelingashamed,IreflectedthatIgrewupina52wealthyhome.Myclosetwas53withnewandfashionableclothes.Ihadastateofthearttenspeedracingbike.54,IoftendidnotappreciatewhatIhad.Itookitallforgranted.Bycontrast,Jackhadalmostnothing,buthewashappyand55.Thankyou,Jack,forunknowinglyteachingmethevalueofbeingsatisfiedwithwhatI'vegot.41. A.briefly B.regularly C.slowly D.brightly42. A.dirt B.decorations C.passengers D.damage43. A.coat B.tie C.shoes D.hat44. A.generous B.clean C.worn D.ugly45. A.meant B.wondered C.argued D.knew46. A.protected B.accepted C.rested D.covered47. A.drawn B.crossed C.waved D.shaped48. A.nearly B.spotlessly C.naturally D.severely49. A.spread B.stored C.placed D.hidden50. A.lied B.stood C.set D.put51. A.rose B.admitted C.flamed D.worked52. A.relatively B.humbly C.traditionally D.respectively53. A.stuffed B.engaged C.equipped D.surrounded54. A.Therefore B.Nevertheless C.Otherwise D.Subsequently55. A.energetic B.modest C.curious D.content第二节（共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。It'saraceagainsttime,asgenerationsofculturalheritageconservatorsattheDunhuangAcademymakeagreatefforttoprotecttheartisticcharmoftheMogaoCaves,56UNESCOWorldHeritageSite.Theteam57（devote）toprotectingthe45,000squaremetersofmurals（壁画）andmorethan2,400paintedsculpturesofthe735cavesofthesite,theconstructionof58takesaboutathousandyears,fromthe4thcenturytothe14thcentury.Theculturalrelicsaretheproductoftheculturalexchangesthattookplaceover59（century）ontheancientSilkRoad.monly60（see）"diseases"affectingthemuralsincludecrackingandflaking,aswellaserosionthatiscausedbychangesintemperatureandhumidityofthecaves,andthedepositionofsalts.Torestoreamuralrequiresanallrounder.Restorersshouldknowpainting,mastertheskillsofamason（石匠）andhavesomeknowledgeofchemistryandphysics,61（be）abletorecognizetheproblemsandtheir62（correspond）causesanddeliverasolution.Theymustalsoselectpropermaterialsandtools,andconductexperiments,63formallycarryingouttherestorationandevaluatingtheeffectafterward.Therestorationshouldrespecttheoriginalworkandaimtomaintainthestatusquoofthemuralsratherthanrepaintingthem.Whentherestorersfindsomepartsofmuralsmissing64fadingaway,theyneverrepaintthemtocreat