研究生综合英语2课后答案

UnitOneKeytoExercisesIII.VocabularyA.cameupwith 2.Thechancesare 3.fellflat 4.bestowedupon 5.Downright6.putyourmind7.Appalled8.Verdict9.Poise10.blurtedoutB1.inarticulate 2.insults 3.inept 4.glowingly 5.execrable 6.Enhance7.Invite8.sickly9.Adroit10.charmingC.1.A 2.C3.C4.B5.A 6.C 7.D8.A9.C10AIV.Clozehesitant2.playing3.contributes4.or5.confidence6.external7.lurking8.whose9.because10.withhold11.Given12.for13.perspective14.drawback15.competition16.Achieved17.Equal18.Based19.Enters20.EnhancingV.TranslationA．我想了片刻，觉得世界上讲西班牙语的人最善于辞令，也许可以从他们身上学到点什么。你对他们中的一个人赞叹道，“这是我曾经见到过的最漂亮的房子”，他立刻回应道，“您大驾光临，更使蓬荜生辉。”让你站在那儿，一脸尴尬。要想回敬他们是没有用的——不管说什么，最后他们总会占上风的。有一点很清楚：所有得体的社交最根本的就在于保持镇定。Eliza.W.Farrar，写过一本美国最早的关于礼仪方面的书。她在书中讲述了在新英格兰举行的一次高雅的宴会上主人切鹅的故事，阐述了保持镇定的重要性。鹅不慎脱手，滑出了盘子，落在一位贵妇人的衣裙上。要是我遇到这种情况，我会感到极度地窘迫，恨不得悄悄地找根绳子去上吊。可是，这位主人却泰然自若。他极为平静而庄重地说，“夫人，如果您把那鹅还给我，我将感激不尽。”如果我们的行为举止都能保持这种风度，摆脱局促不安，那我们的社交生活就会有趣得多。如果我们牢记这一点，我们就会显得更加镇定自如：每当有人恭维你时，他可能只是想和你说说话。唯一明智的回答就是由八个小小的字母构成的两个简洁的小词：Thankyou！B．Animportantstepinbecominganeffectiveflattereristounderstandwhyflatteryhelpsyouestablishbetterrelationshipswithothers.Therootcauseofthepowerofflatterygetsatabasicprincipleofhumanbehavior:Peoplecravebeingappreciated.,Thevastmajorityofpeopleareofthesimilarideadespitedifferentcultures.InAsianculturesthedesireforgrouprecognitionisgenerallystrongerthanthedesireforindividualrecognition.Nevertheless,theneedforrecognitionispresent.Manypeopleholdthatthejoyofworkitselfismoreimportantthanexternalrecognition,includingflattery.Thejoyofworkmaybeapowerfulmotivator,buteventhosewhogetthebiggestjoyfromtheirwork---suchasscientists,artists,andphotographers---craveflatteryandrecognition.Otherwisetheywouldn’tcompeteforNobelPrizesorentertheirworkinimportantexhibitions.Anotherreasonflatteryissoeffectiverelatestothenormalneedtoberecognized.Althoughsomearticlesandbookshavebeenwrittenandpreachedzealouslyaboutflattery,mostpeoplereceivelessrecognitionthantheydeserve.Manypeoplehardlyeverreceivecomplimentseitheronthejoborathome,thusintensifyingtheirdemandforflattery.KeytoAdditionalWorkI.IdiomStudiesswansong2.theonlyflyintheointment3.awhiteelephant4.adoginthemanger5.sittingduckstalkturkey7.letthecatoutofthebag8.fishingintroubledwaters9.cryingcrocodiletears10.buyingapiginapokeII.VocabularyExpansionD2.A3.C4.B5.C6.D7.B8.C9.A10.BUnitTwoKeytoExercisesIII.VocabularyA.pamper2.perspicacious3.philanthropic4.precious 5.charisma 6.largess7.betoken 8.tacky 9.grudgingly10.proclivityB.observe 2.wicked 3.egoism4.discomfort 5.Abundance6.Imminent7.ashamed 8.Puritan9.spontaneously10.worthyC. 1.B 2.D 3.A 4.C 5.D 6.B 7.A8.D 9.C 10.BIV.Cloze1.chances2.single3.with4.to5.Mutually6.following7.partially8.bother9.As10.Taboo11.beginning12.both13.and14.on15.not16.made17.similar18.worth19.concerned20.themselvesV.TranslationA．有一段时间，我曾与一个女子约会——她是爱好文学的那一类、博览群书、其寓所藏书甚丰——我非常羡慕她。在一次圣诞节我决定赠送她一件非同寻常的好东西，当然，恐怕也是非同寻常地昂贵。我给她买了一套斯威夫特文集——不是一套一般性的集子，而是十八世纪早期的珍本；然后我将每卷皮装书单独包起来，每一卷附有一张书卡，卡上写有精心挑选的斯威夫特的语录。我觉得真是浪漫极了；我甚至想象到在圣诞节前夕，当我们坐在壁炉旁呷饮法国白兰地和欣赏着勃兰登堡协奏曲时，她把文集一卷卷地打开时的那种情景。我有时是多么傻啊！她，一个我本应了解的讲究实惠的女人，给我买了两双袜子、一件衬衫外加一本阿曼斯小诗集。她翻开斯威夫特文集时哭了起来。我以为那是快乐的眼泪，但却不是。“我不能接受这个礼物，”她说。“这实在太不合适了。”她坚持让我把礼物收回，或者把它们卖了或者自己留着。当我对此表示异议时，她变得更加烦躁，最后她请我离开并把书一齐带走。我照她的话做了，但心灵受到了伤害而且感到迷惑不解。我花了几个星期才搞明白自己所犯的错误。布莱克默曾在某处这样写过，“在我们所有人身上都有一股傻劲——愚蠢而又固执。”使我感到荣耀的是，在送礼方面我一般还是比较明智的，不是一个爱炫耀自己的人，但是炫耀在我身上依然存在，正如我以前的女友所说，我做事太没有分寸，如给人送超出自己财力的礼物，或馈赠象征着根本不存在的亲密关系的礼物，或赠送与受礼者的兴趣与心愿毫不相干的礼物。我对送礼的奥妙简直是麻木不仁，我经常因不了解这一点而痛责自己。B.Flowersareamongthemostfrequentlygivengifts.There’satraditionalflorallanguage,andacarefullyselectedbouquetorplantcanconveyawiderangeofemotionsandsentiments.Redrosessymbolizeloveaswellasthehopefulbeginningofanewenterprise;violetsbeseechtherecipientnottoforgetthedonor;orchidsandotherexquisitebloomsindicatethattherecipientregardsyouasexotic,preciousandrare.Afloralgiftthatevokeswarmrecollectionswillbeprizedmorethanonethatissimplyshowyandextravagant.Acustomeraskedafloristtodeliverabouquetofacertainvarietyofrose—yellowtingedwithred—toahospitalwherehermotherlayseriouslyill.“They’vebeenmymother’sfavoriteflowerssinceshecarriedthematherweddingmanyyearsago,”shesaid.Thefloristfoundtheflowersshewantedafteraweekofsearching.Thecustomer’smotherwasdelightedatthesightoftheflowers.Inaddition,afloralgiftcanalsostrengthentheemotionaltiesbetweenhusbandandwife.Adoctor,onhis57thbirthday,receivedanambitiousfloralgift.Whenhereturnedhomefromwork,muchtohisjoyfulsurprise,hefoundhisfrontlawnturnedintoarosegardencontaining57bushes.“Itwasawonderful,self-renewinggiftfrommywife—aconstantreminderofher.”hesaid.KeytoAdditionalWorkI.IdiomStudies1.atdaggersdrawn2.burntmyboats3.bitthebullet4.halfthebattle5.spikedhisguns6.getshisknifeinto7.Whenmyshipcomesin8.aswordofDamocles9.ashotinthedark10.biggunsII.VocabularyExpansionA2.C3.B4.D5.B6.C7.A8.B9.D10.CUnitThreeKeytoExercisesIII.VocabularyA.1.desert(throwaway)2.cherish3.bargainfor4.invain5.avarice6.ruthless7.(magnates)tycoons8.caste9.norms10.eroticB1.barren2.transient3.preposterous4.simple-minded5.Illusory6.monogamous7.deep-rooted8.rabid9.teetotaler10.sanctityC1.C2.B3.A4.B5.D6.D7.B8.C9.A10.CIV.Cloze1.revelations2.demand3.traits4.altruism5.Inflicting6.exceptions7.raised8.hurt9.spouse10.extraordinary11.decent12.pain13.overshadowed14.experience15.least16.relationship17.apparent18.pleasure19.humanity20.obligationV.TranslationA.正是强烈情欲的力量使然。情欲与转瞬而逝的其他欲望如食欲等不同，它所带来的期待无比壮观，为任何其他情感所不及。毫无疑问，我们所有的欲望都带来期待，但无一能望其项背。坠入爱河便会萌发难以抗拒的信念：相爱一定会到终老，拥有心爱的人不仅常常让人心醉神迷，还会带来安定感、成就感和深入骨髓的相伴一生的幸福感。所以我们孤注一掷。如果错过这个机会，一生都将失去意义。只要一想到这样的厄运，便会深陷自怨自艾的无底深渊。不幸的是，这些期待往往都是假象而已。任何一个有所经历的成人都知道所有的情欲不过如此，当然他如果正身陷其中则另当别论。朋友们天荒地老的故事我们并不当真，因为知道有的时候感情可以持续有时却难以为继。而真正能够持久的感情并不是因为在最初的时候曾经有过怎样的诺言。两个人能够白头偕老并不是因为他们是伟大的恋人，而是因为他们有良好的品行：克制，忠诚，不偏激，可以相互适应。B.Whatismarriage?MarriageislikewhatMr.QianZhongshuputinhisnovelFortressBesieged,“Marriageislikeabesiegedfortress：thosewhoareoutsidewanttogetintoit,andthosewhoareinsidewanttogetoutofit.”Butthefactisthateventhosewhohavemanagedtorushoutofthefortressstillharborgoodwishesformarriageandwheneverpossible,theystilltrytheirbesttocomeback.Andforthosewhostayinside,themajorityofthemstillkeepprotectingthefortresscarefullybyfulfillingtheirdutieswhethertheyhavegotlostorpuzzledintheirmarriagelife.Onlyafterapersongetsmarried,willhe/shecometounderstandmoreaboutthemarriageandtreasureitasitis.Infact,gettingmarriedisnotsodifficultsinceboysandgirlsshouldbemarrieduponreachingadulthood;however,keepingthemarriagefreshandstableisalittlebittoughbecausethecouplehavetotakealongtimetogetusedtoeachother.Itisnowonderpeopleclaimthatitiseasytobeinlovewitheachother,butitishardtolivewitheachother.Therefore,thosemarriedcouplesshouldlearntoforgetsomethingunpleasantandrecallthosesweetmemoriesbecausemarriagehappinessiswhatthecouplefeelabouteachother.AdditionalWorkI.IdiomStudies1.crossingmybridgesbeforeIcometothem2.laidatthedoorof3.sitonthefence4.thewritingonthewall5.atowerofstrength6.raisedtheroof7.frompillartopost8.ahalfwayhouse9.tookthefloor10.beatingapathtoherdoorII.VocabularyExpansion1.D2.C3.B4.A5.B6.A7.B8.D9.A10.AUnitFourKeytoExercisesIII.Vocabulary:A1.deranged2.sneaking3.coerce4.anappraisal5.patently6.thrashing7.imminent8.hasabearingon9.cessation10.endorsedB1.salvageable2.humane3.defect4.alleviated5.prolong6.lethal7.compassionate8.theoretical9.forbid10.accidentalC1.B2.A3.C4.A5.D6.A7.D8.C9.B10.AIV.Cloze1.among2.opposite3.which4.how5.met6.in7.do8.for9.after10.Without11.but12.Instead13.value14.when15.low16.end17.challenges18.as19.were20.threatenedV.TranslationA我从来没有施行过主动安乐死，这种行为在我国被认为是谋杀，会被判处死刑。但是我确信在临床医学实践中，主动安乐死应拥有明确的地位。而且我还认为我们不应该害怕讨论它在这一格局中所处的地位，也不应害怕探讨对患有绝症的病人使用这种方法的可能性。我不能接受那种简单地认为医生无权剥夺他人生命的说法。此外，我认为最大的困难在于如何界定生命。我本人把生命定义为活着的快乐。如果生活缺少快乐，又无望康复，患者神智清醒、精神正常，又符合其他标准如护理者出于良好的意愿，而且法律手续也完备，那么在伦理方面就没有什么理由不能实施主动安乐死。我确实经常感到奇怪，有一种人出于怜悯，会去结束一个遭受痛苦折磨的动物的生命，却不愿意将这种特权的范围扩大到自己的同胞身上。也许在我们所有人心中都潜藏着一种负罪感—有什么能比得上为他人的死亡承担责任更令人有负罪感呢？BControversysurroundingthemoralityofeuthanasiahasbeenheightenedinrecentyearsbecauseofadvancesinmedicaltechnologythatmakesitpossibleforhumanbeingstobekeptalivealmostindefinitely,evenwhenseverelyimpaired.Asaman’slifespanlengthens,moreandmorepeoplewillreachahighagewhenillnessanddisabilitycreatethepossibilityforeuthanasia.Ifapatient’sconditionsaredeteriorating,makinghimunabletomakearationalchoice,decisionstoprolongorterminatelifemustbelefttohisfamily,doctors,andcourts.Butunfortunatelythedefinitionof“life”isstillatissue.Apersonmaybedeclared“braindead”whilehisvitalorgansstillfunction.Somepeopleregardtheproblemsposedbyeuthanasiaasessentiallyreligious.Theythinkthatlifeissacred,nomatterhowseverelydisabledthepatientmaybe;nobodycanmakeadecisionwhetherheorsheshouldstayaliveornot.Someothersinsistthatdeathmaybepreferabletoaseverelyimpairedlife.Euthanasiathusbecomesanactofcharity.keytoAdditionalWorkI.IdiomStudies1.onthesideoftheangels2.bearhercross3.givethedevilhisdue4.tingod5.moveheavenandearth6.forthehellofit7.sellhissoul8.talkofthedevil9.rushinwhereangelsfeartotread10.outofspiritsII.VocabularyExpansionB2.A3.D4.A5.B6.C7.D8.B9.C10.BUnitFiveKeytoExercisesIII.VocabularyA.1.ascertain2.allegiance3.indubitable4.exterminate5.ofnoavail6.treachery7.eluded8.oflittleaccount/oflittlemoment9.preclude10.withaviewtoB.1.diversity2.retain3.wholeheartedness4.prosperity5.tolerance6.potent7.acclaimed8.orderly9.folly 10.discordC.1.C2.A3.D4.A5.D6.B7.B8.C9.B10.AIV.Cloze1.same2.past3.beyond4.true5.Brought6.historically7.with8.like9.when10.reason11.what12.as13.problems14.protects15.help16.about17.to18.own19.number20.provideV.TranslationA.自少年时代起，我的一生主要部分奉献给了两个不同的目标，它们长期以来彼此分隔，直至近年才合为一体。一方面我想探究能否做到知晓一切；另一方面我想尽己所能创造一个更为幸福的世界。在三十岁之前，我把大部分精力用在了前一项任务上。怀疑论令我苦恼不已，我被迫无奈得出如下结论：大部分所谓的知识都非定论，可以进行合理地怀疑。就像人们想获得宗教信仰一样，我想得到事物的确定性。我以为，与其他任何领域相比，在数学中更可能找到确定性。但我发现在老师期望我接受的许多数学演算中充满了谬误。我还发现，如果在数学中真正能找到确定性的话，它将存在于一种新数学中，其根基比那些迄今被认为是安全可靠的基础更加牢固。然而，随着工作的推进，不断地使我联想起那则关于大象和乌龟的寓言。我建造了一头支撑数学界的大象，之后发现大象摇摇欲坠，于是又建造了一只乌龟去支撑大象使之不倒。可是乌龟和大象一样靠不住，经过大约二十年的艰辛劳动，我渐渐得出结论：在使数学知识确切无疑方面我已无能为力。接着第一次世界大战爆发，我的思想就集中到人类的悲惨遭遇和愚昧行为上去了。在我看来，无论是悲惨遭遇还是愚昧行为都不是人类不可避免的命运。我深信，只要人类不去毁灭自己，那么智慧、耐心和雄辩迟早会引导人类走出作茧自缚的折磨。B. Psychologicallytherearetwodangerstobeguardedagainstinoldage.Oneoftheseisundueabsorptioninthepast.Itdoesnotdotoliveinmemories,inregretsforthegoodolddays,orinsadnessaboutfriendswhoaredead.One’sthoughtsmustbedirectedtothefuture,andtothingsaboutwhichthereissomethingtobedone.Thisisnotalwayseasy;one’sownpastisagraduallyincreasingweight.Itiseasytothinktooneselfthatone’semotionsusedtobemorevividthantheyare,andone’smindmorekeen.Ifthisistrueitshouldbeforgotten,andifitisforgottenitwillprobablynotbetrue.Theotherthingtobeavoidedisclingingtoyouthinthehopeofsuckingvigorfromitsvitality.Whenyourchildrenaregrownuptheywanttolivetheirownlives,andifyoucontinuetobeasinterestedinthemasyouwerewhentheywereyoung,youarelikelytobecomeaburdentothem,unlesstheyareunusuallycallous.Thisdoesnotmeanthatoneshouldbewithoutinterestinthem,butone’sinterestshouldbecontemplativeand,ifpossible,philanthropic,butnotundulyemotional.Animalsbecomeindifferenttotheiryoungassoonastheiryoungcanlookafterthemselves,buthumanbeings,owingtothelengthofinfancy,findthisdifficult.KeytoAdditionalWorkI.IdiomStudies1.haveyourcakeandeatit2.looksasifbutterwouldn’tmeltinhismouth3.butteringbothsidesofhisbread4.eggonhisface5.cryingoverspiltmilk6.pouroilontroubledwaters7.eathumblepie8.sugarthepill9.makeamealofit10.saveyourbreathtocoolyourporridgeII.VocabularyExpansionA2.C3.A4.B5.B6.A7.D8.B9.C10.DUnitSixIII.VocabularyA1.rued2.high-strung3.banal4.feign5.Irrevocable6.mirth7.exuded8.belligerence9.disowned10.mumbledB.languished2.garnered3.requisite4.renowned5.Infuriate6.shamefaced7.sequel8.dotty9.interminable10.sedulousC.1.B2.A3.B4.A5.D6.C7.C8.A9.A10.CIV.Cloze1.experience2.in3.that4.general5.with6.though(as)7.from8.where9.thought10.aware11.how12.scheme13.only14.prepared15.prepared16.worse17.down18.others19.nobody’s20.downV.TranslationA．最让人愤怒的谈话就是做父母的明显要从感情上全部包揽，寻找一个决定性的、确定未来职业的时刻。这些人都认为让孩子获准进入一流的大学，就安全了，给孩子提供了一张通往成功的不可撤销的护照，保证一辈子财运亨通，不会中断。像这些社会地位向上流动的傻瓜家长们在宣告自己孩子的目标、庆贺自己干了件好事的同时，也在不知不觉地流露出一副普鲁士似的好战，无声地奚落了那些不是很有天赋孩子们的家长。对他们来说，抚养孩子最艰难的部分完成了。中学上完后，上了合适的预备学校，交上正当的朋友，签名参加合适的活动，现在又上了合适的学校。嗨，现在我们可以离开这儿了，搬到托斯卡纳区享受去。但是，现实生活并不是停止在17岁。或21岁。实际生活中，有些孩子受到了最好的教育，但是仍然把事情弄得很糟糕。我自己的这行职业中，就有许多人上了很好的学校，但结果职业却很不理想（他们本应该就是宣传品；可是隔壁房间里响起的电话不是，而且永远都不会是普利策委员会打来的）。那些最有可能成功的男孩女孩中，有些结果不是靠政府福利生活，就是沦落在贫民区。这时，他们需要父母的投入或者现金。父母的责任并不因为孩子离开了，就可以了结了，父母的责任永远不会终止。这就是为什么大自然赋予你这种工作。B．InChina,alargenumberofparentssparenoeffortstoworkforselectingabetterschoolfortheirchildren,andevenspendalargesumofmoneyaslongastheirchildrencangotothekeyschools.ThesamecasealsooccursinBritain.Althoughthereisnodistinctionbetweenkeypublicschoolsandnon-keypublicschools,yetthequalityofeducationineachschoolisofgreatdifference.Therefore,theparentsalsoleavenostonesunturnedinordertofindabetterschoolfortheirchildren.ThedegreeoftheiranxietiesisnolessthanthatofChineseparents.Thefirststeptogetinaschoolistofillintheapplicationforms.Sincetheseapplicationformsareconsideredasveryimportantmaterialstogetaccesstoabetterschool,someparentscheatbywritingdownwronghomeaddresses.Hence,everyyearinBritainfindshundredsoforthousandsofsuchcheatingeventsandthewaysofcheatingareincreasingly“wiser”.Forexample,somefillintherelatives’addressortheoffice’saddressinstead,otherswritedownthecorrecthomeaddressbutwithawrongpostcode,becausetheyknowtheschoolwillcalculatethedistancebetweentheschoolandhomeaccordingtothepostcode.Moreover,someparentsevengotoTaxBureautopaytaxforaplacewheretheydon’tstayatall,sothattheycouldgetthetaxpaymentreceiptandpresentittotheschoolasaproofofvalidhomeaddress.KeytoAdditionalWorkI.IdiomStudies1.meetitsWaterloo2.Johnny-come-lately3.aking’sransom4.tookFrenchleave5.goDutch6.noseyParker7.allGreektome8.JekyllandHyde9.Jack-of-all-trades10.Hobson’schoiceII.VocabularyExpansionA2.B3.D4.C5.B6.D7.A8.A9.B10.AUnitSevenIII.VocabularyA1.deemed2.Tobeginwith3.multitalented4.fairandsquare5.adversary6.forkover7spurred8enrouteto9.portrayed10.conjectureaboutB1.eulogize2.perpetuate3.susceptible4.besmirched5.stimulants6.sustains7.ferocious8.fortified9.bleak10.frailtyC1.C2.D3.D4.C5.D6.D7.D8.B9.A10.CIV.Cloze1.which2.broadcasting3.up4.keep5.through6.Eventually7.exception8.of9.turn10.advent11.itself12.income13.into14.amounts15.Rings16.relation17.low18.nutritional19.as20.spectacularlyV.Translation:A．读完我写下的这些文字，我感到自己把这项历史性的辉煌盛事描述的过于晦暗。尽管文中所述的这些可悲的舞弊行为是真实存在的，但我从内心深处仍不赞同那位因一部名著而对“1984”这个数字几乎享有特权的作家所持的悲观态度。乔治·奥维尔认为，奥运会“交织着仇恨、妒忌、夸耀、对规则的藐视，以及从观看暴力行为中获得的变态的快感。换句话说，这是一场没有硝烟的战争。”他的话过于偏激了。奥运会反映的只是人性中一切美好和丑陋的方面。对古希腊体育运动中的欺诈行为的记载证明了奥运会总是不断地受到所谓的“人性的弱点”的影响。也许有人会提出，现代人在道德水准上要略高于古希腊人。我想，很少有人会赞同一位欧洲教练近来发表的观点，“只要你还活着为胜利而庆贺，就应该得到报酬。体育比赛中没有伦理道德的位置。”B.Spectatorsportsprovideanoutletforviewingthevitalityofyouth,speed,andstrength.Thelevelsofskilldisplayedfascinatepeople.Menidentifymoredirectlythanmostwomenwithspectatorsportsbecauseoftheirchildhoodexperienceandthemachonatureofmostgames.Formenthereisanadditionalattractionintheirmindsthatbecausetheyaremaletheycouldbecalledontobethereonfield,askedtocontributetheirplayingorcoachingskills.Viewingsportthusprovidestherawmaterialfordreams.Nevertheless,womentoofeelvicarioussatisfactionofadesiretowin,andmorewomenarebecomingactiveincompetitivesports.Bytheearly1970s,growingfaninterestinthegames,heightenedbynetworktelevision,hadtransformedprofessionalsportsintolucrativebusinessenterprises.Asaresult,entirelynewleaguesspranguptocompetewithestablishedorganizationsandlureawayplayerswithattractivesalaries.Assportsbecamemoreliketraditionalbusinesses,playersincreasinglyturnedtoagentstorepresenttheminsalarynegotiations.Nowprofessionalsportshaveenteredanewera.KeytoAdditionalWorkI.IdiomStudies1.tiedtohismother’sapronstrings2.belowthebelt3.onthewrongsideoftheblanket4.toobigforhisboots5.cutitscoataccordingtoitscloth6.hotunderthecollar7.handinglove8.linedhispocket9.losthisshirt10.stepintohisshoesII.VocabularyExpansionB2.B3.C4.A5.D6.B7.C8.A9.D10.DUnitEightKeytoExercisesIII.VocabularyA.1.impertinent 2.divested 3.ill-timed4.counterbalance 5.propriety 6.makeamends7.aversion 8.abhor 9.Engaging10insipid(flat,tedious)B.1.coolly 2.initiation 3.Affectedly4.vanity 5.ample(enough) 6.elaborate7.tempt 8.insensible 9.display(exhibit)10.viceC.1.A2.B3.A4.D5.B 6.C7.B8.D9.A10.C IV.Cloze1.up2.but3.make4.despite5.for6.over7.be8.what9.that10.character11.call12.on13.Rather14.to15.itself16.even17.based18.look19.While20.fromV.TranslationA．讨人喜欢是一门是很有必要掌握、但又是很难学会的艺术。它几乎无法被归纳成为几条规则；你本人敏锐的意识和观察能力，比我更能教会你这些东西。“别人如何待你，你就如何待人”这是我所知道的最可靠的讨人喜欢的方法。你仔细观察别人身上什么东西讨你喜欢，那么你身上同样的东西就可能讨别人喜欢。如果别人对你的幽默、情趣和不足所给予的恭维和关注，令你高兴，那么毫无疑问，你给予他们相同的恭维和关注，也同样会令他们高兴。与朋友相聚时说话要随众人的调子，你不要装模作样地定调子；你是严肃、快乐、或是开点玩笑，要根据所处朋友间的气氛而定，这是每一个个人对大多数人应有的礼貌。你不要在朋友中讲故事，没有比这种做法更令人乏味和不快的了。如果你碰巧知道一则短小的故事，而且又特别适合当时的话题，那就用最简洁的语言把它表达出来；然后婉转地说你并不喜欢讲故事，但这则故事短小精悍，使你欲罢不能。在所有的事情中，最重要的是在谈话中摒弃言必称“我”的做法。千万别打算用自己所关心的事或个人私事去取悦他人；尽管你对这些事情感兴趣，对别人来说，它们却是单调乏味和无关紧要的，而且个人私事应尽量保密。无论你认为自己多么优秀，千万不要在众人面前自我炫耀；即使谈话为你提供了展示这些优点的机会，你也不要像许多人那样，拼命地把它们转移到话题中去。如果这些优点是真实的，那它们肯定会被人发现，你无须自己去指出它们，由别人发现对你更加有利。即便你认为自己的论点是正确的，也不要情绪激动地固执己见；而应该谦虚冷静地阐述自己的观点，这是说服别人的唯一途径；如果这样做行不通，就设法换个话题，可以心平气和地说：“我们难以互相说服，其实也没有必要这样做。让我们谈点别的事情吧。”B.IhaveafewthingsinmymindwhichIhaveoftenlongedtosayfortheinstructionoftheyoung;foritisinone’stenderearlyyearsthatsuchthingswillbesttakerootandbemostenduringandmostvaluable.Alwaysobeyyourparentswhentheyarepresent.Thisisbestpolicyinthelongrun,becauseifyoudon’ttheywillmakeyou.Mostparentsthinktheyknowbetterthanyoudo,andyoucangenerallybenefitmorebyacceptingthatideathanyoucanbyactingonyourownjudgment.Berespectfultoyoursuperiors,alsotofriends,acquaintancesandpeoplearoundyou.Ifapersonoffendsyou,andyouareindoubtastowhetheritwasintentionalornot,donotresorttoextrememeasures;simplywatchyourchanceandhithimbacklater.Thatwillbesufficient.Ifyoushallfindthathehadnotintendedanyoffense,comeoutfranklyandconfessyourselfinthewrongwhenyoustruckhim;acknowledgeitlikeamanandsayyoudidn’tmeanto.Alwaysavoidviolence.Inthisageofcharityandkindliness,thetimehasgonebyforviolence.KeytoAdditionalWorkIdiomStudies1.laugheditoutofcourt2.onthetown3.talkshop4.playedbothsidesofthestreet5.turnedthecorner6.museumpiece7.comedownintheworld8.knowtheirplace9.themanintheetothewrongshopII.VocabularyExpansion1.B2.C3.B4.C5.D6.A7.B8.D9.A10.CUnitNineIII.VocabularyA1.elicit2.denigrate3.undermine4.baldly5.elude6.couch7.apt8.derogatory9.conferredon10.scatterbrainedB1.fuzzily2.outright3.left-handed4.exclusive5.requisite6.Tentative7.frivolous8.perilous9.discarded10inanimateC1.D2.D3.B4.C5.D6.A7.C8.B9.C10.AIV.Cloze1.native2.regularly3.second4.number5.Tongues6.among7.as8.over9.official10.throughout11.Of12.where13.taught14.study15.Alternative16.widespread17.with18.spreading19.around20.itV.TranslationA.“女性的语言”，就是我们还是小姑娘时所学的那种悦耳、委婉、从不盛气凌人的谈话方式。文化偏见造就了允许我们讲的那种话，允许我们谈论的那些话题，以及别人谈论我们所采用的方式。学完语言课程之后，我们走向社会，结果发现自己在交际方面存在严重缺陷——我们这样说不行，不这样说也不行。如果我们说话不肯“如淑女般”，就会因缺乏女人味而遭到嘲讽和批评。（“她思考问题像个男人”充其量只是一种言不由衷的恭维。）如果我们真的学会了所有模棱两可又明确表达自己观点的女性使用的语言，又会遭到冷嘲热讽，说我们思路不清，不能参与重要讨论，因而不适合掌权。女性无须承受如此之多非议，就已开始觉得自己理应受到这般待遇，因为她们本身在智力和所受教育方面存在着许多缺陷。“女性的语言”体现在英语的各个层面中。比如，在命名颜色方面，人们助长并听任女性区分各种颜色比男性更为精确。像“mauve（深紫色）、beige（米黄色）、lavender（淡紫色）”等这些词，在女性的常用词汇中已司空见惯，而在大多男性的常用词汇中却极为匮乏。我无法考证女性是否确实比男性更能“识别”多种颜色。这仅仅是因为如此细微的区分与女性使用的词汇有关，而与男性使用的词汇却无关；对于掌管世间众多趣事的男性而言，如此区分颜色微不足道——与他们毫无相干。B.Menandwomenseldommeanthesamethingsevenwhentheyusethesamewords.Forexample,whenawomansays“Ifeellikeyouneverlisten,”shedoesnotexpectthewordnevertobetakenliterally.Usingthewordneverisjustawayofexpressingthefrustrationsheisfeelingatthemoment.Itisnottobetakenasifitwerefactualinformation.Tofullyexpresstheirfeelings,womenassumepoeticlicenseandusevarioussuperlatives,metaphors,andgeneralizations.Menmistakenlytaketheseexpressionsliterally.Becausetheymisunderstandtheintendedmeaning,theycommonlyreactinanunsupportivemanner.Whileoneofthebigchallengesformeniscorrectlytointerpretandsupportawomanwhensheistalkingaboutherfeelings,thebiggestchallengeforwomeniscorrectlytointerpretandsupportamanwhenheisn’ttalking.Silenceismosteasilymisinterpretedbywomen.Shemayimaginetheveryworseandbecomeinsecure.Butthefactisthatmenandwomenthinkandprocessinformationverydifferently.Womenthinkoutloud,sharingtheirprocessofinnerdiscoverywithaninterestedlistener,whilemensilentlymulloverwhattheyhaveheardorexperiencedbeforetheytalkorrespond.Thisprocesscouldtakefromminutestohours.Andtomakemattersevenmoreconfusingforwomen,ifhedoesnothaveenoughinformationtoprocessananswer,amanmaynotrespondatall.KeytoAdditionalWorkI.IdiomStudies1.toilingandmoiling2.firstandlast3.forgiveandforget4.haleandheartyn5.nullandvoid6.deadandburied7.spickandspan8.fewandfar