高考二轮复习英语课件（新高考新教材）专题二非谓语动词

核心语法必备专题二非谓语动词英语内容索引要点精讲•破疑解难对点演练•精准提升要点精讲•破疑解难重点一非谓语动词做主语、表语和宾语1.非谓语动词中能做主语的有动词-ing形式和动词不定式(1)动词-ing形式做主语时表示一般的、抽象的或习惯性的动作;动词不定式做主语时表示具体的、一次性的或尚未做的动作。(2)it可做形式主语,代替真正做主语的动词不定式或动词-ing形式。常见的句型有Itis/wasnouse/gooddoingsth;Itis/wasuselessdoingsth;It’sawasteoftimedoingsth;It’s+adj.+for/ofsb+todosth等。2.非谓语动词中能做表语的有动词-ing形式、动词-ed形式和动词不定式。注意:动词-ing形式做表语时,意为

“令人感到……的”,而动词-ed形式做表语时,意为

“本身感到……的”。3.非谓语动词中能做宾语的有动词-ing形式和动词不定式(1)跟动词不定式做宾语的动词(短语)有beg,offer,wish,hope,decide,refuse,promise,pretend,manage,want,plan,fail,choose,wouldlike等。(2)跟动词-ing形式做宾语的动词(短语)有suggest,imagine,mind,admit,practise,risk,keep,avoid,escape,enjoy,consider,finish,miss,keepon,insiston,lookforwardto,feellike,getdownto,objectto等。重点二非谓语动词做定语考点

1

动词不定式做定语

用法例句todo做定语表示将来的动作;tobedone做定语表示将来且被动的动作Theproblemto

be

discussedatthemeetingisveryimportant.会上将要讨论的这个问题非常重要。动词不定式可修饰序数词、最高级或由no,all,any等限定的中心词,且与中心词为逻辑上的主动关系Heisalwaysthefirstto

arriveattheschoolandthelastto

leavetheschool.他总是第一个到校,最后一个离校。用法例句被修饰词是抽象名词时,常用动词不定式做定语。该类名词有,idea,ability,chance,hope,attempt,way,fact,promise,wish等Theabilityto

expressanideaisasimportantastheideaitself.表达观点的能力与观点本身同样重要。考点2

分词做定语

1.分词形式做定语的用法

形式用法例句动词-ing被修饰的名词与非谓语动词为逻辑上的主动关系,动词-ing形式表示被修饰词的特征Hefoundheracharminggirl.他发现她是位迷人的姑娘。beingdone被修饰的名词与非谓语动词为逻辑上的动宾关系,表示动作正在进行Thehousesbeing

builtarefortheteachers.正在建的那些房子是为老师们建的。形式用法例句done被修饰的名词与非谓语动词为逻辑上的动宾关系,表示状态或动作已经完成;不及物动词的过去分词做定语,只表示完成不表示被动“Thingslostnevercomeagain!”Icouldn’thelptalkingtomyself.我不禁自言自语道:“失去的东西不会再来!”fallenleaves落叶

2.现在分词与过去分词做定语时的比较

形式用法示例现在分词表示动作正在进行

过去分词表示动作已经完成重点三非谓语动词做状语考点

1

动词不定式做状语

用法例句做目的状语,有时动词不定式前可加inorder或soas,但soasto不能用于句首Thebusstoppedso

as

topickuppassengers.公共汽车停下来以便搭载乘客。做结果状语表示出乎意料的结果,常用于结构onlytodo,enoughtodo,too...todo,so/such...todoWehurriedtothestation,only

to

be

toldthatthetrainhadleft.我们急匆匆地赶到车站,结果被告知火车已经开走了。用法例句常与表示情绪的形容词,如anxious,happy,frightened,surprised等连用,表示引起某种情绪的原因YouwillneverknowhowhappyIwasto

seeheryesterday.你永远不会知道我昨天见到她有多高兴。在

“主语+系动词+形容词+todo”的结构中,动词不定式做修饰性状语,主动形式表示被动意义。该结构中常用的形容词有easy,hard,important,impossible,interesting,pleasant等Thechairlooksratherhard,butinfactitisverycomfortableto

sit

on.这把椅子看上去很硬,但实际上坐上去很舒服。考点

2

分词做状语

分词做状语时,其逻辑主语是句子的主语,一般在句中做时间、原因、结果、方式、条件、伴随、让步等状语。

用法例句现在分词做状语时,与句子主语之间存在逻辑上的主谓关系MorehighwayshavebeenbuiltinChina,makingitmucheasierforpeopletotravelfromoneplacetoanother.中国已经修建了更多的公路,这让人们从一个地方到另一个地方旅行变得更容易。(做结果状语)过去分词做状语时,与句子主语之间存在逻辑上的动宾关系Usedwithcare,onetinwilllastforsixweeks.如果小心使用,一罐可以用六个星期。(做条件状语)提示(1)某些过去分词(短语)已经形容词化,它们既不表示被动,也不表示完成,而表示一种状态,如lost,seated,hidden,lost/absorbedin,dressedin,tiredof等。Absorbed

inthebook,hedidn’tnoticemeentertheroom.他全神贯注地看书,没有注意到我进了房间。(2)独立成分做状语时,其形式不受上下文的影响。常用的有considering...,generallyspeaking,judgingby/from...,supposingthat...,providingthat...,owingto...,talking/speakingof...,given...,providedthat...,totellthetruth,tobehonest等。命题特点重点四非谓语动词做补语考点1

动词不定式做补语

用法例句有些动词(短语)后可接不定式做宾语补足语,即

“动词(短语)+宾语+todo”,如advise,want,allow,permit,persuade,remind,invite,dependon,callon等Fatheradvised

me

to

saysomething.父亲建议我说点什么。常用动词不定式做主语补足语的句型有sb/sthbesaid/believed/known/reported/considered/thought+todo/tohavedone/tobedone/tobedoing/tohavebeendone...Heis

said

to

have

been

found

inthestreet.据说他在大街上被找到了。提示常考的分词做补语的几种情况:(1)感官动词(组),如see,watch,observe,notice,lookat,hear,listento,feel等后面的宾语补足语常见的有三种非谓语动词形式,即do/doing/done。do表示主动(在被动句中需要还原to);doing表示主动或正在进行;done表示被动或完成。AsIgotcloser,Isaw

him

kickinghislegsintheairandbreathingheavily.当我走近时,我看见他的腿在空中乱踢,呼吸沉重。(2)表示

“使,让”的动词,如make/let/keep/have/get/leave+宾语+补语

结构to

dodoingdonemake/let+宾语do×√keep+宾语×√√have+宾语havesbdosth意为“让某人做某事”;havesthtodo意为“有某事要做”,todo做后置定语√(表示主体使客体处于某种状态或一直做某事)√(表示让别人做某事或让某事被做)get+宾语√√√leave+宾语√√√Clairehad

her

luggage

checkedanhourbeforeherplaneleft.在飞机起飞前一个小时,克莱尔将行李进行了安检。(3)with/without的复合结构:with+n.+doing(主动、进行)/done(被动、完成)/todo(目的、将来)。Without

anyone

noticing,Iwentintotheroom.我走进了房间,没有人注意到。重点五常考固定句式中的非谓语形式考点1

动词不定式用于固定句式中

用法例句主语+系动词+形容词+todo结构,这类形容词有easy,cheap,comfortable,impossible等,表示主语的特性或性质,不定式和句子主语之间是逻辑上的动宾关系Inmyview,the

book

is

very

hard

to

understand.依我看,这本书很难理解。Itis/was+adj.+forsbtodosth结构,做表语的形容词表示事物的性质,如difficult,important,necessary等It

is

difficult

for

us

to

finishwritingthecompositioninanhour.我们难以在一个小时内写完这篇作文。用法例句Itis/was+adj.+ofsbtodosth结构,做表语的形容词表示人物的特征,如honest,foolish,nice等It

was

generous

of

him

to

offertopayforus.他主动为我们付钱真是大方。主语+belikelytodosth结构,表示

“……可能做某事”Tickets

are

likely

to

beexpensive.入场券可能很贵。Ittakes(sb)sometimetodosth结构,表示

“(某人)花时间做某事”It

takes

about

half

an

hour

to

gettotheairport.到机场大概需要半小时。疑问词(who,what,where,when,how等)+todo结构,该结构在句中可充当主语、宾语、表语等Hedidn’tknowhow

to

work

outthequestion,soheaskedtheteacherforhelp.他不知道如何解这道题,因此他向老师求助。考点2

动词-ing形式用于固定句式中

用法例句It’snogood/nouse/nofun/nopleasuredoingsth做某事没好处/没用处/没意思/不高兴It

is

no

use

complainingwithouttakingaction.不采取行动而只是抱怨是没有用的。It’suseless/worthwhiledoingsth做某事没用/值得It

is

worthwhile

makinganappointmentbeforeyougo.你去之前预约一下是值得的。It’sawasteoftime/moneydoingsth做某事浪费时间/钱It

is

a

waste

of

time

talkingwithsuchastubbornman.和如此固执的人交谈浪费时间。用法例句spend/wastetime/money(in)doingsth花时间/钱做某事Ispent

too

much

time

watchingtelevision.我看电视花的时间太多了。havedifficulty/trouble/fun(in)doingsth做某事有困难/费力/好玩Ihave

difficulty(in)makingmyselfunderstood.我很难让别人理解我的意思。对点演练•精准提升Ⅰ.单句语法填空2.Myexperienceawakenedmetonotonlythelimitations

(place)onourselves,butalsoouramazingabilitytoadapt.

3.Anancienttemple

(date)backtotheQingDynastywasdestroyedinflames,

(cause)concernsabouttheeffectiveprotectionofculturalremains.

4.Redorprocessedmeatcanincreaseyourchancesof

(get)thisdisease.

toproduceplaced

datingcausing

getting

5.Onteaplantations,

(pull)theleaveseasily,peoplecutthembacktoabushofaboutametreinheight.

6.Thegiantpanda,also

(know)asthepandabearorsimplypanda,isabearnativetosouthcentralChina.

7.However,mostofthefiresthisyeararebelieved

(cause)bythosefarmers,whousefireasatraditionalwaytocleanland.

topullknown

tobecausedⅡ.微语法填空1.Poetryisabeautifulartform.Itspowerliesintheability①_________

(transform)ordinaryexperiencesbycapturingamomentoremotion.②_____

(write)poetryisaprivilegeandstruggle.Thatispartlybecauseweneedtocreateourselvesinanewwayof③

(observe)theworld.Mostofourtimeatthedeskisspent④

(struggle)withourimagination,andweknowthatasuccessfulpoemarrivesonthebackoffailure.Therearemomentswhenanideawillnottranslateontopaper.Yet,failureisgood,becauseevery⑤

(abandon)linewepainstakinglyremovepreparesusfortheripepoemaroundthecorner.

①答案

to

transform

解析

ability后常用动词不定式做后置定语,