新课标高考英语语法复习知识点讲解

语法专题(附参考答案)

专题一冠词

I、重点难点解析

冠词是一种虚词，放在名词的前面，帮助说明名词的含义

历年高考试题对冠词的考查涉及到冠词的位置、不定冠词、定冠词、零冠词及

固定搭配中的冠词等各个方面。下面我们以表格的形式对前四个方面进行总结，

1.冠词的位置

考占

■J八、、示例

1such/what/many/rather/quite+a(n)+quiteasmallhouse

形容词+单数可数名词

2how/however/so/too/as/that/this十soniceagirl

形容词+a(u)+单数可数名词

3both/all/half/twice/double+the+名twicethesizeof

词theroom

4halfa(n)或ahalf+单数可数名词Halfanhour/ahalf

hour

2.不定冠词

考点示例

1表示泛指，与any同义Asquarehasfoursides.

2表示数量“一”，与。ne同义，但Hewillbebackinaweek.

其数的概念不如one强烈

3表示“相同的"，与thesame同义Birdsofafeatherflock

together.

4表示“每一个"，与every,Ivisitmyfatheroncea

each,per同义month.

5表示"某一"，与acertain同义AMrSmithiswaitingto

seeyou.

6表示"像似的，与onelikeHeisaLeiFenginour

同义class.

7用在某些物质名词前表示“一种、Wehadaheavyrainlast

，一阵、night.

一份、一场”等

8用在某些抽象名词前，使其具体化Youareagreathelpto

yourmother.

3.定冠词

考点示例

特指上文提到过的、谈话双方都清There1metaforeignerand

1楚的、受定语修饰的人或物theforeignerhelpedmealot.

/Doyouknowthemanstanding

bythewindow?

2用于单数名词前，指一类事物Thelionisawildanimal.

3用于乐器名称前theviolin/thepiano

4用于世界上独一无二的事物前thesun/theearth/theworld

5与某些形容词连用表示一类人therich/theyoung/theaged

6在字数词和最高级前thefirstonetocometoschool

/thebeststudentinourclass

7在江河湖海、山脉群岛、海峡海岸的TheChangjiangRiver/theWest

地名中Lake/

theEnglishChannel

8在表示姓氏的复数名词前、逢整十play（the）piano/theBrowns/

数词的复数前inthe1920s/

9在表示国家的形容词前，泛指该国theChinese/theEnglish

的人民.

10用在一些习惯用语中inthemorning/thedayafter

tomorrow/thedaybefore

yesterday/thenextyear

4.零冠词

考占

■J八、、示例

1专用名词和不可数名词前China,America,GradeOne,

ClassTwo

2名词前已有this,that,my,your,Godownthisstreet.

some,any等

3当复数名词和不可数名词表示泛指时Wearestudents./Ilike

readingstories.

4成对名词连用时dayafterday/facetoface

5在球类、棋类、学科、语言、三餐名playbasketball/playchess/

词前likephysics,speakEnglish/

atlunch

6在季节、月份、某些含Day的节假Autumnisthebestseasonin

日、星期等名词前Beijing./inMay/NewYear's

Day/OnSunday

7在某些习惯用语中的名词前Atnoon/bybus/bytelephone/

inbed,intime/gotobed/

gotocollege

5.英语中含有冠词的词组辩析

英语中有不少词组，从形式看好象只有冠词之差，而实际上却是意义完全不同的新

词组。

1.infrontof在...（外）的前面;inthefrontof在....（内）的前面

ThereJsagardeninfrontoftheclassroom.There?sablackboardin

thefrontoftheclassroom.2.inchargeof掌管；负责；inthechargeof

在...负责之下Anexperiencedworkerisinchargeoftheproject.

Theprojectisinthechargeofanexperiencedworker.3.attable在用

饭；吃饭时；atthetable在桌旁Heseldomtalksattable.Theysat

atthetable,talkingandlaughing.4.byday白天;日I'司;bytheday按

日计Heworksinanofficebyday.Cleaningwomeninbigcitiesget

paidbytheday.5.takeplace发生；举行；taketheplace代替；接替

WhendidthisconversationtakeplaceElectrictrainhasnowtakenthe

placeofsteamtrainsinEngland.

6.inwords用言语；inaword总之

Pleaseexpressyourthoughtinwords.

Inaword,Idon,ttrustyou.

7.attimes有时；不时；atatime一次

Idofeelalittlenervousattimes.

Passmethebrickstwoatatime.

8.little少；不多的;alittle一些；一点点

Hurryup,there'slittletimeleft.

Don'thurry,youstillhavealittletime.

9.few很少；几垂没有的；afew有些；几个

Heisamanoffewwords.

Onlyafewofthechildrencanread.

mostinteresting非常有趣的；themostinteresting最有趣的（形容词的最

高级）

Thisisamostinterestingstory.

Thisisthemostinterestingstoryofthethree.

doctorandnurse一位医生兼护士；adoctorandanurse一位医生和一位护

士

Adoctorandnurseisstandingthere.

Adoctorandanursearestandingthere.

numberof许多；好些；thenumberof…（的）数目Anumberof

studentsareintheclassroom.Thenumberofstudentsintheclassroom

isforty.

IK实战演练

（一）.用适当的冠词填空，不需要的划.

,couldIspeaktoMr.Smith

--Sorry,wrongnumber.Thereisn，tMr.Smithhere.

2.Iknowyoudon，tlike_______musicverymuch.Butwhatdoyouthink

ofmusicinthe

filmwesawyesterday?

3.Iknockedovermycoffeecup.Itwentrightover______keyboard.

--Youshouldn，tputdrinksnearcomputer.

4.Ofall______reasonsformydecisiontobecomeauniversity

professor,myfather，sadvicewas

_____mostimportantone.

5.AccordingtoWorldHealthOrganization,healthcareplans

areneededinallbigcitiesto

preventspreadofAIDS.

6..Forhim__stageisjust____meansofmakingaliving.

7.Ithinkitreally_______honorformetospeakhere..

8.Thislabusedtobein_______chargeofMr.Wang.

9IknowthereisMr.Smithnextdoor,whohasgoneon

business.

10Hedevotesmostofhistimetofootball.AndIamsurehe

promisesexcellent

footballer.

11Don,tloseheart.Pleasehavesecondtry.

12Thosewhoarerichshouldhelppoor.

13Whenstealingthethiefwascaughtbyarmbyapoliceman.

14Insomefactoriesworkersgetpaidby______piece.

15Itisabadhabittogotoworkwithoutbreakfast.

16Johnis_______universitystudentfromEuropeancountry.

17Teachersplayactiveandimportantpartinbuildingup

students'character.

18Zhangsliveonthesecondfloor.

19CottonisgrowninnorthofChina.

20Itisknowntousallthatlighttravelsfasterthan

sound.

21Atowerisseenindistance.

22Incaseoffirepleasepressredbutton.

23Shenzhenhaspopulationofmorethan10million.

24daysIspentwithCatherineinBeijingweresowonderful.

25Abullethitthesoliderandhewaswoundedinleg.

26Helovedwritingandhisfirstnovelwasgreatsuccesswhenit

cameout.

27Mybrotherwasborninspringof1990.

28Mr.Smithismostlearnedscholarandyoucanturntohimfor

help.

29Howsweetlyshesings!Ihaveneverheardbettervoice.

30BeijingissecondlargestcityinChina.

31MytriptoTibetwasreallyunforgettableexperience.

32Thiswatchis18thcenturywatch,whichhasbeenpasseddown

frommygreatgrandpa.

（二）语法填空

在括号中填入适当的冠词

Thereoncewasakingwhooffered]prizeto2artistwho

wouldpaint3bestpictureofpeace.Manyartisttried.Theking

lookedatall4pictures.Buttherewereonlytwohereallyliked,

andhehadtochoosebetweenthem.

Onepicturewasofacalmlake.Thelakewasaperfectmirrorfor

peacefulhighmountainsallaroundit.Overheadwasablueskywith

fluffywhiteclouds.Allwhosawthispicturethoughtitwas5

perfectpictureofpeace.

Theotherpicturehadmountains,too.Butthesewereruggedandbare.

Abovewas6angrysky,fromwhichrainfellandinwhichlightning

played.Down7sideofthemountaintumbled（翻腾）afoaming（水泡）

waterfall.Thisdidnotlookpeacefulatall.

Butwhenthekinglookedclosely,hesawbehind8waterfalla

tinybushgrowinginacrackintherock.Inthebush9motherbird

hadbuilthernest.There,inthemidstoftherushofangrywater,sat

themotherbirdonhernest-inperfectpeace.

Thekingchose10secondpicture.

答案：Ila2/;the3the;a4.the;the5the;

the6the;a7an8the9a;/10/;an11a12the13

the14the15the16a;a17an18The19the20/;/

21the22the23a24The25the26a27the28a29a

30the31an32an

II1a2the3the4.the5a6an7the8the

9a10.the

专题二名词

I、重点难点解析

名词的高考命题导向

名词的“可数”与“不可数”是高考命题的热点之一。不可数名词前不能与不定冠

词连用，之后不能十s。有些抽象名词却有复数形式，但意义与原来的不同。有些

可数名词复数有两个意思，一个与单数意义相同，另一个和单数含义不同，高考中

这些含义很可能成为考查的内容。词语的固定搭配及名词作定语也是高考命题的注

息点。

一名词的分类及常见用法

个体名词teacher,student,piano功能

可数名词

集体名词family,committee,people名词在句

物质名词wood,water,steel中可做主

表

不可数名语

抽象名词friendship,progress

宾

词语

语

专有名词John,Smith,Beijing宾

语

一般由名词右表有生命的东如：Women?sDay,an

上方+'S；以西或时间,空hour,s补足

S结尾的名词间,距离,价格，walk,students?定语、同

名词所有单复数只加重量等名词的reading-room,位语或状

，

格a”所有格today'spaper语

介词of十名无生命的东西如：amapofChina,

词的名词所有格thetopofthe

mountain

规则变化1.一般词后+sdays,boys,

Americans

,x,sh,ch结尾buses,dishes;(stomac

+eshs除外)

3.辅音字母+y结babies,factories

可数名词

尾，变y为i+es

的复数

4.以f或fe结尾，leaves,wives;(roofs,

变f/fe为v+esproofs,

gulfs,beliefs,chiefs

,staffs,

safes除外)

5.以。结尾，有生heroes,potatoes;pian

命+es,无生命+sos,radios(hippos,

bamboos)除外

6.数字的复数+s或inthe1930s/1930,s

“，s”

不规则变1.改变词中元音字woman-women,goose­

化母geese

man-men,foot­

feet,tooth-teeth

2.形式复数，意义news,maths,politics,

单数economics等

3.单复同形means,deer,sheep,fis

h,works

(工厂)，species,

Chinese等

4.其它child-children,

bacterium­

bacteria,crisis­

crises,ox­

oxen,phenomenon-

phenomena等

二名词其他需要注意的几点:

1.名词的数

1)复合名词变为复数的规则

有主体名词的复数形式(lookers-on,passers-by等)和无主体名词的复数形

式(grown-ups,go-betweens等)。

2)集体名词的数

①有些集体名词只能用作复数。如：cattle,police,people等。

注意：people意为“民族；种族”时有单、复数形式。

②有些集体名词只能用作单数。machinery,furniture,jewellery,

mankind等。

③有些集体名词作为整体看待时，用作单数；指其中各个成员时，用作复数。

如：class

family,couple,audience,government,public等。

ThewholefamilyarewatchingTVnow全家人现在都在看电视。

Hisfamilyisabigone他家是个大家族。

3)只能用复数形式的名词

由两部分构成的名词：glasses,trousers,shorts,scissors,gloves,

scales,compasses等。

4)the+姓氏的复数，表全家人：theBlacks,theWangs

5)具有双重特性的名词

(1)意义不同的可数和不可数名词

aroom房间一room空间achicken鸡一chicken鸡肉

anexperience经历一experience经验anagreement协议一agreement同意

(2)单、复数意思不同的名词

arm手臂一arms武器brain脑一brains智力custom风俗一customs海关

force力量一forces军队regard注意，关心一regards问候time时间一

times时代

work工作一works作品，工厂manner态度一manners礼貌spirit精神一

spirits心情，情绪

content内容一contents目录loss损失一losses损失物condition状况一

conditions条件

expression表达一expressions短语feeling感觉一feelings感情wood木头

一woods树林

2.名词的所有格

1)表示两者或两者以上共同所有，在最后一个词的后面加's；表示各自拥有

时，每个名词后都要+s"。如LiandMa'sroom李和马共有的房间；Li's

andMa'srooms李和马各自的房间

2)表某人家或店铺，诊所。如：Li's李家，thedoctor's诊所；the

barber's理发店

3)所有格除了用于有生命的物体外，也可以用于表示国家、城市等的名词。如：

China'sprosperity中国的繁荣thecountry，splan国家计划

4)of所有格也可用于有生命的物体，用于名词较长或名词的定语较长时。

如：astoryofafamousdoctor一个名医的故事

thesonofthemanyouiusttalkedto刚刚和你说话的那个男人的儿子

5)双重所有格

"of+名词的's所有格或名词性物主代词”称为双重所有格。of后的宾

语必须是人，而且是特指。如：

anoldfriendofmyuncle's我叔叔的一个老朋友

aplayofShakespeare's莎士比亚的一部戏剧

somehousesofmygrandfather's我爷爷的一些房子

3.名词作定语

1)一般用单数形式。如：countrymusic乡村音乐shoeshops鞋店traffic

lights交通灯

注意：sports,customs,arms,clothes,sales,goods作定语时，要用复数

形式。如:

sportsmeeting运动会customsofficiers海关官员armsproduction武

器生产

2)man和woman作定语时，与中心词一起变。如：

mendoctors男医生womenteachers女老师

IK实战演练

一、用适当的词或所给词的正确形式填空：

1.Therearefifty-six(people)inChina.

2.Weneedmuch(room)forallthefurniture.

3.Thiskindofdresswaspopularinthe(1980)

4.(girl)studentsand(woman)teachers

areinthemajorityinourschool.

5.Thereusedtobealotofmilu(deer)inChina.

6.Theseareart(work)oftheTangDynasty.

7.(child)shoesareonthesecondfloorofthisstore

department.

8.Wecanseemany(editor-in-chief)presentatthe

conference.

9.Ihadmyhaircutshortatthe(barber)nearby

yesterday.

10.Onthewhole,hewasa(fail)inhislife.

11.Healthproblemsarecloselyconnectedwithbadeatinghabitsanda

ofexercise.

12.Nowmoreandmorepeopleprefertohaveaathome---a

littledog,acatorsomeotheranimals.

13.Myparentsalwaysletmehavemyownofliving.

14.Wevolunteeredtocollectmoneytohelptheofthe

earthquake.

15.Weallknowthatspeaklouderthanwords.

答案：1.peoples2.room3.1980s/1980,s4.Girl,women5.

deer6works's8.editors-in-chief9.barber?s10.failure

11.lack12.pet13.way15.actions

二语法填空

CharlesPinkwasayoung1(Canada)whohadagoodhouseandhe

knewhowtoenjoyhimself.EverySaturday,hewenttothetheatreand

2_(party).Hiscarwasoneofthebestinhiscity.Hehadlotsof

moneyandonedaybought3plane.Helearnedtoflyandflying

becameoneofhismain4(enjoy).

Onedayaboutthirty5(yearly)ago,hesetoffinhissmall

planeonatripacross6(Mexican).Atfirsteverythingwentwell,

butwhenhewasoverthepartofthecountry7engineofthelittle

machinefailed.

Fortunately,Pinkwasflyingatagood8(high)whenthebad

thinghappened,andhehadtimetofindaplacetoland.Belowhimhe

couldseeanumberof9(field)whichlookedniceenoughtolandon,

andhemanagedtobringhismachinedownononeof10.

答案:1.Canadian2.parties3.a4.enjoyments5.years6.Mexico

7.the8.height9.fields10.them

二、完形填空

’阅言中面短文，掌握其大意，然后从21-30各题所给的A、B、C和D项中，选

出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。

DosomeFL(ForeignLanguage)readingeverydayandtrytofinish

oneFLbookatleasteveryweek.Youarenodoubt21withlittlespare

time,andthismaysoundunrealistic.Butifyoureadinthe22

described,itisperfectlypossible.Thekeyistobehonestwith

yourselfabout23youreallyenjoy:thrillers,women，smagazines,

newspapers—itreallydoesn，tmatterwhatyoureadas24asit

genuinelyinterestsyou,becausethatistheonlycertainwaytomake

yourselfread.Itis25toreachgoodspeedsbypractisingon

materialthatisdifficultordull.Ifyoupursuethisprogramforonly,

fewmonths,youshouldachieveaverymarkedincreaseinyourreading

26.WhatyoudowithyourFLreadingskillwhenyouhavedevelopedit

istostudyforafurtherqualification.The27isthatinorderto

developthe28,agreatdealofpracticeoneasyinteresting

materialsisessential.Ifyoucan29thistoyourselfbydeveloping

yourownreadingskillbythismethod,yourteachingwillcarrythe

certaintythatcomesonlyfrom30.

21.A.boredB.helplessC.freeD.

busy

22.A.keyB.problemC.wayD.

job

23.A.whichB.whenC.who

D.what

24.A.muchB.goodC.long

D.well

25.A.impossibleB.possibleC.necessary

D.easy

26.A.efficiencyB.effectsC.method

D.capacity

27.A.questionB.pointC.idea

D.problem

28.A.habitB.ideaC.skillD.

task

29.A.realizeB.tellC.improveD.

prove

30.A.workB.experienceC.theory

D.doing

21-30DCDCAABCDB

专题三代词

I、重点难点解析

代词是代替名词的一种词类。大多数代词具有名词和形容词的功能。英语中的

代词，按其意义、特征及在句中的作用分为：人称代词、物主代词、指示代词、反

身代词、相互代词、疑问代词、关系代词和不定代词八种。

代词类别例词功能

人称主格I,you,he,she,it,we,you,they只做主语

词

代me,you,him,her,it,us,you,做及物动词或介词的宾语

宾格

them

形容词my,your,his,her,its,our,your,只做定

物主性their

代词mine,yours,his,hers,its,ours,做主语、宾语、表语

名词性

yours,theirs

myself,yourself,himself,herself,做宾语、同位语、表语

反身代词itself,ourselves,yourselves,

themselves

指示代词this,that,these,those做主语、宾语、定语、表语

相互代词eachother,oneanother做宾

疑问代词who,whom,what,which,whose,etc.引出疑问句

关系代词that,who,whom,whose,etc.连接定语从句

some,any,no,either,neither,视情况而定，一般的可做定

不定代词all,none,each,somebody,noone,语、主语、宾语等

everybody,etc.

下面举例说明，其中疑问代词见“句子种类”，关系代词见'定语从句”。

一人称代词的用法

1作主语，用主格。作宾语用宾格。SheteachesusEnglish.

2在句中作表语，常用宾格。WhoisitIfsme.但有时用主格。

IfIwereshe,Iwould,tgothere.

ItwasIwhotoldhimaboutit.

二物主代词的用法

1.形容词性物主代词一一只作定语：

Thisisourclassroom.Hisfatherisanengineer.

2.名词性物主代词

所作成例句

分

1作主语Thisishercoat.Mineisoverthere.

2宾语Somethinghasgonewrongwithmybike.MayIuseyours

3表语Thisbookisn,tmine;it'sTom's.

说目3:

①英语中必须有形容词性物主代词，而汉语中往往省略不译。如:

Jacktookoffhiscoatandwenttobed.

杰克脱掉外套就上床睡觉了。

②“of+名词性物主代词”可用作定语。如：

Somefriendsofminewillattendmybirthdayparty.

我的一些朋友要出席我的生日晚宴。

三反身代词

所作成分例句

1动TomtaughthimselfChinese.

宾

宾语m

Shelovesmeformyself,notformymoney.

2Sheisnotquiteherselftoday,（beoneself:身心自

表语

在）

3Imyselfcanrepairthebike.Thetableitselfhas

同位语

onlythreelegs.

四指示代词的用法

1.时空的差别.Thereisthisseathere,nearme,orthereisthatonein

thefourthrow.Whichwillyouhave,thisorthat?

2.This和that在行文叙述上的差别。.

Ishallsaythistoyou:heisapoorman.

Hewasill.That'swhyhedidn'tcome.

和those用于表比较的结构。

TheweatherofZhanjiangisbetterthanthatofmyhometown.

TVsetsmadeinNanjingarebetterthanthosemadehere.

4.打电话时this表示我，that表示你.

五不定代词的用法

可数one,each,many,both,another,either,neither,(a)few

不可数much,(a)little

可数不可数none,any,other,all,some

复合不定代anyone,anybody,anything;someone,somebody,something;

词everyone,everybody,everything;nobody,nothing

1.none,noone,nothing的用法区别

1)none既可指人，也可指物，且一定是特指概念，常用来回答howmany/much

引导的疑问句；noone只能指人，且只能是泛指概念，常用来回答wh。引导的疑

问句；nothing“什么也没有"，否定一切，常用来回答what引导的疑问句。

如：

一Howmanypeoplearethereintheroomnow

一None.

一Whoisintheroom

一Noone/nobody

2)none后面可加of引导的介词短语，而something/anything/everything

/nothing;someone/anyone/everyone/noone却不能。

2.each和every

1)each强调“个体”，起代词和形容词作用；eve”强调“全体”，只能作定

语。Each作同位岁时，不影响谓语动词的数，不可用noteach来表示部分否定,

而notevery表示部分否定。如：

Theticketseachcosttendollars.

这些票每张十美元。(each作同位语，不能用costs)

2)every还可表示“每……的；每……中的”，如下列说法中只能用eve:ry。

everyyearortwo每一两年

everynowandthen时常

everyotherday每隔一天

Chooseoneoutofeverytenboys.每十个男孩中选一个。

onecartoevery20people每20人乘一辆车

3.another,other,theother,others,theothers的用法—览表

不定代

意义用法说明

词

任何一

指三者或三者以上中的任何一个，用作代词或形容词。如：

another个，另

Idon'tlikethiscoat.Showmeanother,please.

一个

只作定语，常与复数名词或不可数名词连用；但如果前面有

the,this,thatsome,any,each,every,no,one及

other另外的

my,your,his等时,则可与单数名词连用。如：anyother

plant,everyotherday。

两者中

the常与one连用，构成：onetheother…个....另

的

other个……；作定语修饰复数名词时，表示“全部其余的”

另一个

泛指别

是。ther的复数形式，泛指别的人或物(但不是全部)，不

others的

能作定语，构成some…others…

人或物

the特指其是theother的复数形式，特指其余的人或物。

others余

的人或

物

4.Both,all,either,any,neither,none的用法

都任何都不

两者botheitherneither

两者（以上）allanynone

如：

1)IhadtobuyallthesebooksbecauseIdidn'tknowwhichonewasthe

best.

2)Itiseasytodotherepair.Allyouneedisahammerandsomenails.

3)IinvitedJoeandLindatodinner,butneitherofthemcame.

4)一Whichofthethreewaysshalltaketothevillage

一Anywayasyouplease.

5)Wehadthreesetsofthegardentoolsandweseemedtohavenouse

forany.

,ones,theone,theones,that,those

one用来替代前面出现的单数名词，是泛指概念相当于a/an+单数名词；ones

用来替代前面出现的复数名词，有时可用that代替(尤其在有后置定语的情况

下)。Theones用来代替前面的特指的复数名词，有时可用those代替(尤其在

有后置定语的情况下)。that用来替代前面出现的特指的单数可数名词或特指的

不可数名词，相当于the+单数/不可数名词。如：

Mr.Zhanggavemeaveryvaluablepresent,one(=apresent)thatI

haveneverseen.

Mr.Zhanggavememanyvaluablepresents,ones(=manypresents)

thatIhaveneverseen.

Thebookonthedeskisbetterthanthat/theoneunderthedesk.

Thebooksonthedeskarebetterthanthose/theonesunderthedesk.

的用法

用法说明例句

1用作人称代词，指代前面提Thisisnotmybook.ItisMary's.

到的事物

2用来代替指示代词this或①一What'sthis

thatItisadictionary.

②一Whosejacketisthat一

Itishers.

3指人①一Whoisknockingatthedoor一

It'sme.

②Thebabynomorecriedassoonasit

sawitsmother.

4指时间、距离、天气、环境①一What'sthetimenow

等It'stenpasteight.

②It'sget