2024届高考英语二轮复习：阅读真题长难句解析89-90

一、长难句翻译

89.ThisentailsreducingourdependenceontheNorthAmericanmarket,whoseprogramsrelate

toexperiencesandculturaltraditionswhicharedifferentfromourown.

90.TheyareamongthegrowingnumberofAmericanswho,drivenbyhigherlivingcostsanda

fallingeconomy,havetakenupvegetablegardeningforthefirsttime.

二、长难句翻译解析

89.ThisentailsreducingourdependenceontheNorthAmericanmarket,whoseprogramsrelate

toexperiencesandculturaltraditionswhicharedifferentfromourown.

01断句

该句的信号词有：

①介词短语②从句划分/逗号划分③从句划分

所以断句完成后如下：

Thisentailsreducingourdependence/ontheNorthAmericanmarket,/whoseprogramsrelate

toexperiencesandculturaltraditions/whicharedifferentfromourown.

02找主谓，定主从

第一个主谓结构是Thisentails；第二个主谓结构是programsrelateto;

经过分析，本句中有两个从句：

Thisentailsreducingourdependence/ontheNorthAmericanmarket,/whoseprogramsrelate

toexperiencesandculturaltraditions/whicharedifferentfromourown.

03分析主句和从句

本句的主干是：Thisentailsreducingourindependence.

①这是本句的主句部分。主语是代词This,谓语动词是entails。后面的介词短语［ontheNorth

Americanmarket］可以看做后置定语，修饰名词dependence。这半句的意思是：这需要我们

减少对北美市场的依赖。

entail：v.使必要;需要

entaildoingsth需要做某事

eg:Thejourneywillentailchangingtrainstwice.

这趟旅程要转两次火车。

reduce:v.降低,减少，缩小n.reduction

eg:Smallbusinesseswillneedtoreducecostsinordertosurvive.

小企业要想生存必须剥削成本。

dependence:n.依赖，依靠

②出新的引导词whose,在这句话中它引导的是非限定性定语从句，修饰前面的【North

Americanmarketlo从句的主语是programs,谓语是relateto。这半句的意思是：北美市场

的节目涉及经历和文化传统。

program:计划，方案；节目；安排

eg:What'syourfavouritetelevisionprogram?

你最喜欢的电视节目是什么？

relate:v.相联系，有关联。

eg:Thechargesoffraudrelatetoeventsthattookplaceovertenyearsago.

这些欺诈指控涉及十多年前发生的事件。

③又出现了新的引导词which,which也是引导的定语从句，修饰先行词experiencesand

culturaltraditionsowhich在从句中充当主语，谓语动词是are。这半句的意思是：（那些经验

和传统）与我们不同。

04参考译文

这就要求我们减少对北美市场的依赖，他们涉及经历和文化传统的节目与我们的大相径庭。

90.TheyareamongthegrowingnumberofAmericanswho,drivenbyhigherlivingcostsanda

fallingeconomy,havetakenupvegetablegardeningforthefirsttime.

01断句

该句的信号词有：

①从句引导词who②标点符号逗号③标点符号逗号④介词短语

所以断句完成后如下：

TheyareamongthegrowingnumberofAmericans/who,/drivenbyhigherlivingcostsanda

fallingeconomy,/havetakenupvegetablegardening/forthefirsttime.

02找主谓，定主从

第一个主谓结构是Theyare；第二个主谓结构是whohavetakenup;

下面画一下句子主要结构和重点讲解的成分：

Theyare/who,/drivenbyhigherlivingcostsanda

fallingeconomy,/havetakenupvegetablegardening/forthefirsttime.

03分析主句和从句

本句的主干是：TheyareamongthegrowingnumberofAmericans.

①这句话是本句的主干部分。主句的主语是They,谓语动词是are。among的意思是“在…

当中〃。后面的thegrowingnumberofAmericans,可以翻译为〃越来越多的美国人〃。

②出现了从句引导词who,仔细分析可以判断，这是由who引导的定语从句，修饰先行词

Americanso要注意一下后面的这个插入语的成分，[drivenbyhigherlivingcostsandafalling

economy],这一部分是过去分词短语作原因状语。意思是〃迫于生活成本的上升和经济的衰

退〃。再回到本句的定语从句，从句的谓语部分是宾语是

havetakenupovegetablegardeningo

后面的介词短语是时间状语。

重点词汇讲解：

livingcosts生活成本

fallingeconomy这里是现在分词作定语前置修饰economy,表示“正在衰退的经济，下滑的

经济”。

takeup开始从事（新工作）；对某事物产生兴趣;开始花时间从事某事；占据

eg:Rogertookpaintingupforawhile,butsoonlostinterest.

罗杰有段时间喜欢上了绘画，但很快就又没了兴趣。

04参考译文

越来越多的美国人迫于生活成本的上升和经济的衰退，首次开始经营蔬菜园子，他们就在其

中。

三、长难句拓展

1.Mostofthefirst-generationstudents（59.1percent）wererecipientsofPellGrants,afederal

grantforundergraduateswithfinancialneed,whilethiswastrueonlyfor8.6percentofthe

studentswithatleastoneparentwithafour-yeardegree.

下列对该句的分析和理解中，正确的为O（多选）

A.withatleastoneparentwithafour-yeardegree为后置定语彳修饰thestudents

B.佩尔助学金是一项为有经济需要的本科生设立的联邦补助

C.大多数第一代大学生都获得了佩尔助学金的资助

D.父母中至少有一人获得本科学历的学生中只有少部分人获得佩尔助学金的资助

正确答案：ABCD

1.小词典

recipient[n'sipiant]n.接受者

PellGrants佩尔助学金

undergraduate[Anda'graed3U9t]n.本科生

2.本句是由连词while连接的并列句，前后两个分句构成对比关系。分句一中插入afederal

grantforundergraduateswithfinancialneed,作PellGrants的同位语；分句二中onlyfor8.6

percentofthestudentswith....作状语，其中with短语作后置定语，修饰thestudentSo

3.参考译文：大多数“第一代大学生”（59.1%）都获得了佩尔助学金，一项为有经济需要的

本科生设立的联邦补助金，然而对于那些父母中至少有一人获得了本科学历的学生而言，这

一比例仅为8.6%。

2.Withtheblurringofroles,andthefactthatthehomefrontlagswellbehindtheworkplacein

makingadjustmentsforworkingwomen,it'snotsurprisingthatwomenaremorestressedat

home.

下列对该句的分析和理解中，正确的为。（多选）

A.it是形式主语，真正的主语是womenaremorestressedathome

B.女性在家中压力更大的原因之一是角色的模糊化

C.thatthehomefront...workingwomen解释了造成女性在家中压力更大的一个事实

D,相比较于在家庭大后方，职业女性在工作职场中更难作出自我调整

正确答案：ABC

L小词典

blur[bl3⑺]V.（使）变得模糊不清；（使）难以区分

thehomefront家庭方面；（战争的）大后方

lagwellbehind远远落后于

2.本句是复合句。主句是it'snotsurprisingthatwomenaremorestressedathome,其中it

是形式主语，真正的主语是其后面that引导的主语从句。另外，主句由and连接的2个原

因状语修饰，其中，在第二个原因状语中，thefact后接that引导的同位语从句，具体说明

“事实”的具体内容，inmaking…为状语,解释“lagswellbehind”的具体方面。

3.参考译文：由于角色的模糊化，以及职业女性在家庭大后方比在工作职场中更难作出自我

调整这一事实，女性在家中的压力更大，这一点不足为奇。

Unit2MakingaDifference

UI:TheWellthatChangedtheWorld

Asasix-year-oldCanadianschoolboy,Ryanhadtrouble(believe)thewords

(speak)byhisteachermanypeoplein(develop)Africancountries

couldn'tgetenoughcleanwater.Helookedacrosstheclassroomatthedrinkingfountain.Itwas

veryclose~~onlytenstepsaway.So,Ryanaskedhimself,“WhydosomeAfricanchildrenhaveto

walktenkilometrestogetwatereveryday?Andwhyisthewaterdirtythatitmakesthem

sick?”YoungRyanthought,"'Lifeiseasyforme,hardforthosepeople.Whydon'tIhelp?”

Atfirst,hisplanwas（plan）moneytobuildasinglewellsomewhereinAfrica.He

cleanedwindowsanddidgardeningforhisfamilyandneighbours.Hesoonreachedhisfirsttarget

of$70,butwhenhegavethemoneytoacharity,he（tell）thatitactuallycost$2,000to

buildawell.Seventydollarswasonlyenoughforahandpump.Ryanunderstoodthatahand

pumpwouldn'thelpthechildren.theyneededwasawelldugneartheirhomes.

Twothousanddollarswasalotofmoney,Ryandidn'tgiveup.Hewasdeterminedto

helpotherchildrenhavecleanwater.Hestartedtoaskhelpfromhisclassmatesand

neighboursandpersuadedthemtodonatemoney.Atthesametime,afriendofRyan'smother

helped（瑞安的事为公众所知了）.Afterseveralmonths,Ryanhadraisedthe

$2,000,withawellwasbuiltnearaprimaryschoolinUganda.Thechildrenattheschoolno

longerneededtowalkforhourstogetwater.Theyweregrateful____himandinvitedhimtovisit.

InUganda,Ryanatlastsawthefinishedwellwithhisowneyes.Butthatwasnotall.Healso

sawhundredsof（delight）studentshadturnedouttowelcomehim.Theysang

anddancedhappily.Someevenofferedhimfoodandgifts.AtfirstRyanwasnervous,butsoon

_____________________（他就感到一阵温暖）.___________________________________________

（他真的改变了这些孩子的生活。）.（他突然笑了起来）.

Later,Ryan'sexperienceledhimtosetupafoundationtoencouragemorepeopletohelp.

Many（inspire）peoplegavehimtheirsupport.Ryan'sfoundationcontinuestoattract

supportfrommoreandmorepeople,theworkofbuildingmorewellscangoon.Today,

over800,000peoplein16countriesacrossAfricahavebenefitedfromthe（改变人

一生的礼物）ofclean,safewater.

Now,asanadult,Ryansaysthatthequestiontoaskisnot"Whydon'tIhelp?”,but"How

canIhelptoday?”.（这

份领悟，始于一个有勇气和毅力实现梦想的六岁男孩那颗坚定不移的心。）

DIThePowerofGood

“TheBritishSchindler”：thelifeofNicholasWinton

ItisAugust1939,andagroupof（fright）children（board）atrainat

Prague?sWilsonStation.Their（伤心的）parentsdonotjointhem.Indeed,theyfear

theymayneverseetheirchildrenagain.Buttheyknowthattheirchildrenwilllive.Theseare

amongthe669children,mostofthemJewish,thatNicholasWintonwillgoontosave

deathatthehandsoftheNazis.

NicholasWintonwasbornon19May1909inLondon,toGerman-Jewishparents.The

familylatertookBritish（nation）.（一毕业），Wintonworkedinbanksin

GermanyandFrance.HereturnedtoBritainin1931,heworkedinbusiness.

December1938,afriendaskedWintontocometoPraguetoaidpeoplewere

escapingfromtheNazis.InPrague,Wintonsawpeople（生活在恶劣的环境中）

andliveswereindanger.Hedecidedtohelptransportchildrento（safe）inBritain.

Heestablishedanofficetokeeprecordsofthechildren,andthenreturnedtoBritaintofind

（临时的）homesforthem.Heused（donate）fundsandhisownmoneytopay

the50poundsperchildtheBritishgovernmentrequired.ByAugust1939,Winton

(save)669children.

DuringWorldWarII,Winton(担任)anofficerinBritain'sRoyalAirForce.Heleft

themilitaryin1954.Hethenworkedforinternationalcharitiesandforvariouscompanies.Forthe

mostpart,hedidnotmentionthechildrenhesaved,andhisactionssoon

___________________(淡出了人们的记忆).

Thatallchangedin1988whenhiswifeGretefounda(forget)journalathome.

Thejournalcontainedphotographsandnamesofthechildrenandaddressesofthefamiliesthat

tookthem.Shesentthejournaltoanewspaper,andthatyearWintonwasseenonthe

BritishtelevisionprogrammeThafsLife.Atonepoint,thehostaskedpeopleintheaudienceto

standupifNicholasWintonhadsavedtheirlives.AshockedWintonwatchedas

the(majorOofpeoplerosetotheirfeet.Theprogrammebroughthisactionstopublic

attention,andWintonbecamea(respect)figurearoundtheworld.

Later,Wintonreceivedvarioushonourshisachievement,(include)a

knighthoodin2003,andtheCzechgovemmenfshighesthonour,theOrderoftheWhiteLion,in

2014.

NicholasWintonpassedawayon1July2015,theageof106.AstheChinesesaying

goes,"Akind-heartedpersonlivesalong

3.TUYOUYOUAWARDEDNOBELPRIZE

Thisyear'sNobelPrizeforPhysiologyorMedicinehasbeenawardedtoTuYouyou

(co-winner),whoseresearchledtothediscoveryofartemisinin,acrucialnewtreatmentfor

malaria.Artemisininhassavedhundredsofthousandsoflives,andhasledtoimprovedhealthfor

millionsofpeople.Over200millionpeoplearoundtheworldgetmalariaeachyear,andabout

600,000diefromit.Artemisininhasbecomeavitalpartofthetreatmentformalaria,andis

thoughttosave100,000livesayearinAfricaalone.

TuYouyou,acommittedandpatientscientist,wasbominNingbo,China,on30December

1930,andgraduatedfromPekingUniversityMedicalSchoolin1955.Aftershegraduated,she

workedattheChinaAcademyofTraditionalChineseMedicineinBeijing.In1967,theChinese

governmentformedateamofscientistswiththeobjectiveofdiscoveringanewtreatmentfor

malaria,andTuYouyouwasamongthefirstresearcherschosen.Inthebeginning,TuYouyou

wenttoHainan,wheremalariawasmorecommon,tostudymalariapatients.In1969,shebecame

theheadoftheprojectinBeijing,anddecidedtoreviewancientChinesemedicaltextstofind

traditionalbotanicaltreatmentsforthedisease.Herteamexaminedover2,000oldmedicaltexts,

andevaluated280,000plantsfortheirmedicalproperties.Fromtheirresearch,theydiscovered

andtested380distinctancientChinesemedicaltreatmentsthatshowedpromiseinthefight

againstmalaria.

Onemedicaltextfromthefourthcenturysuggestedusingtheextractfromsweet

wormwoodtotreatafever.Tu'steamtestedacollectionofdriedwormwoodleavesbutfoundno

effect.Theythentriedboilingfreshwormwood,andusingtheliquidobtainedfromthistotreat

malaria,butthisdidnotworkeither.Theirprojectgotstuck.However,TuYouyouwouldnot

acknowledgedefeat.Sheanalysedthemedicaltextsagain,andbychance,shefoundonesentence

suggestingadifferentwaytotreatthewormwood.Sheconcludedthatboilingthesweet

wormwoodapparentlydestroyeditsmedicalproperties.Usingalowertemperaturetodrawoutthe

extract,shefoundasubstancethatworked.Afterfailingmorethan190times,theteamfinally

succeededin1971.TuYouyouandherteammemberseveninsistedontestingthemedicineon

themselvestomakesurethatitwassafe.Later,themedicinewastestedonmalariapatients,most

ofwhomrecovered.Thismedicine,whichwascalledartemisinin,soonbecameastandard

treatmentformalaria.

AccordingtoTuYouyou,thediscoveryofartemisininwasateameffort.Uponhearingthat

shehadbeenawardedtheNobelPrize,shesaid,“Thehonourisnotjustmine.Thereisateam

behindme,andallthepeopleofmycountry.Thissuccessprovesthegreatvalueoftraditional

Chinesemedicine.ItisindeedanhonourforChina9sscientificresearchandChinesemedicineto

bespreadaroundtheworld.^^

4.THEMANWHOCHANGEDOURUNDERSTANDINGOFTHEUNIVERSE

AlbertEinstein,whoisperhapsthegreatestscientistinmodernphysics,isoften

consideredoneofthesmartestmenwhoeverlived.Hemadenumerouscontributionstotheworld,

themostwell-knownbeingthegeneraltheoryofrelativityandthefamousformulaE=mc2.

Einsteinwasnotonlyagenius;hewasacourageousandkindfigurelovedbymanypeople.

ThisgentlegeniuswasbominGermanyon14March1879.Whenhewas16,hetriedto

enteruniversityinSwitzerland,butfailedduetohislowscoresinthegeneralpartoftheentrance

exam,despiteobtainingexceptionalscoresinmathsandphysics.Afterstudyingforanotheryear,

hemanagedtopasstheexam,enteringuniversityin1896andgraduatingin1900.

Aftertwoyearsoflookingforworkasateacher,EinsteintookajobasaclerkintheSwiss

patentoffice.Whileworkingthere,outofastrongpassionforknowledge,hecontinuedtostudy,

earningadoctorateinphysicsin1905.Thatsameyear,whichw